DE202007016454U1 - Plant for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrate-containing biomass - Google Patents

Plant for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrate-containing biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
DE202007016454U1
DE202007016454U1 DE202007016454U DE202007016454U DE202007016454U1 DE 202007016454 U1 DE202007016454 U1 DE 202007016454U1 DE 202007016454 U DE202007016454 U DE 202007016454U DE 202007016454 U DE202007016454 U DE 202007016454U DE 202007016454 U1 DE202007016454 U1 DE 202007016454U1
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plant
carbohydrate
production
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liquid fuels
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Geyer Stefan Drrernat
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60Processes
    • C10J3/64Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/006Combinations of processes provided in groups C10G1/02 - C10G1/08
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/086Hydrothermal carbonization
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916Biomass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Anlage zur Herstellung von flüssigen Kraftstoffen aus kohlenhydrathaltiger Biomasse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anlage aus einer Teilanlage zur hydrothermalen Karbonisierung, einer Teilanlage zur hydrothermalen Vergasung und einer Teilanlage zur direkten Kohlehydrierung besteht.investment for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrate-containing biomass, characterized in that the plant consisting of a sub-unit for hydrothermal carbonisation, a sub-unit for hydrothermal gasification and a sub-unit for direct coal hydrogenation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Herstellung von flüssigen Kraftstoffen aus kohlenhydrathaltiger Biomasse.The The invention relates to a plant for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrate-containing biomass.

Anlagen zur Herstellung von flüssigen Kraftstoffen aus kohlenhydrathaltiger Biomasse sind bekannt. Der flüssige Kraftstoff Ethanol wird weltweit in großen Anlagen durch Vergärung von Biomasse hergestellt und auch das durch Flash-Pyrolyse von Holz zugängliche Holz-Pyrolyseöl ist aus Pilotanlagen verfügbar. Diese flüssigen Kraftstoffe haben aber den Nachteil, dass sie neben Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff auch größere Mengen Sauerstoff enthalten.Attachments for the production of liquid Fuels from carbohydrate biomass are known. Of the liquid Ethanol is used in large plants worldwide by fermentation of ethanol Biomass produced and also accessible by flash pyrolysis of wood Wood pyrolysis oil is available from pilot plants. This liquid But fuels have the disadvantage of being next to carbon and hydrogen also larger amounts Contain oxygen.

Ethanol besteht aus 52 % Kohlenstoff, 13 % Wasserstoff und 35 % Sauerstoff und Holz-Pyrolyseöl aus 56 % Kohlenstoff, 7 % Wasserstoff und 37 % Sauerstoff. Diesel-Kraftstoff dagegen bestehen aus 86 % Kohlenstoff und 14 % Wasserstoff und enthält keinen Sauerstoff. Da mit zunehmendem Sauerstoffgehalt der flüssigen Kraftstoffe deren Heizwert sinkt – der Heizwert beträgt für Diesel-Kraftstoff ca. 40 MJ/kg, für Ethanol ca. 27 MJ/kg und für Holz-Pyrolyseöl ca. 20 MJ/kg – bedeutet das, dass man für die gleiche Arbeit (z.B. zum Fahren einer bestimmten Strecke oder zum Pflügen einer bestimmten Feldfläche) man um so mehr Kraftstoff benötigt, je mehr Sauerstoff dieser enthält.ethanol consists of 52% carbon, 13% hydrogen and 35% oxygen and wood pyrolysis oil made of 56% carbon, 7% hydrogen and 37% oxygen. Diesel Fuel By contrast, they contain 86% carbon and 14% hydrogen and contain none Oxygen. As with increasing oxygen content of liquid fuels their calorific value decreases - the Calorific value is for diesel fuel about 40 MJ / kg, for Ethanol about 27 MJ / kg and for Wood pyrolysis oil about 20 MJ / kg - means that one for the same work (for example to drive a certain distance or for plowing a certain field area) you need more fuel, the more oxygen this contains.

Ziel ist es deshalb, einen möglichst sauerstofffreien flüssigen Kraftstoff (CH2)n aus kohlehydrathaltiger Biomasse (CH2O)n zu erzeugen. Ein Weg dahin besteht darin, die Biomasse in einer Teilanlage zu Kohlendioxid, Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff zu vergasen: 3 (CH2O)n + n H2O → n CO2 + 2n CO + 4n H2 und nach der Kohlendioxidabtrennung in einer weiteren Teilanlage (Fischer-Tropsch-Anlage) Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff zu Kraftstoff umzusetzen: 2n CO + 4n H2 → 2 (CH2)n + 2n H2O The aim is therefore to produce as oxygen-free as possible liquid fuel (CH 2 ) n from carbohydrate biomass (CH 2 O) n . One way to do this is to gasify the biomass in a unit to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen: 3 (CH 2 O) n + n H 2 O → n CO 2 + 2n CO + 4n H 2 and after carbon dioxide separation in a further unit (Fischer-Tropsch unit) to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into fuel: 2n CO + 4n H 2 → 2 (CH 2 ) n + 2n H 2 O

Dieser Weg ist aber wegen hier nicht näher erläuterten Detailproblemen sehr schwierig. Erfindungsgemäß wir deshalb folgender Weg beschritten:
In einer Teilanlage zur hydrothermalen Karbonisierung wird bei ca. 200°C und ca. 16 bar Biomasse in Kohlenstoff und Wasser gespalten:

Figure 00010001
However, this route is very difficult because of detailed problems not explained here. According to the invention, we have therefore taken the following route:
In a sub-unit for hydrothermal carbonization, biomass is split into carbon and water at approx. 200 ° C and approx. 16 bar:
Figure 00010001

In einer weiteren Teilanlage zur hydrothermalen Vergasung wird bei ca. 650°C und ca. 250 bar Biomasse mit Wasser zu Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff umgesetzt:

Figure 00010002
In another sub-unit for hydrothermal gasification, biomass is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen at approx. 650 ° C and approx. 250 bar biomass with water:
Figure 00010002

Und zum Schluss wird in einer dritten Teilanlage zur Kohlehydrierung (Bergius-Pier-Anlage) der Kohlenstoff aus der hydrothermalen Karbonisierung mit dem Wasserstoff aus der Hydrothermalen Vergasung bei ca. 500°C und ca. 200 bar zu Kraftstoff umgesetzt: 2 (C)n + 2n H2 → 2 (CH2)n. And finally, in a third sub-plant for coal hydrogenation (Bergius-Pier plant), the carbon from the hydrothermal carbonization is converted to fuel at about 500 ° C and about 200 bar with hydrogen from the hydrothermal gasification: 2 (C) n + 2n H 2 → 2 (CH 2 ) n .

Claims (1)

Anlage zur Herstellung von flüssigen Kraftstoffen aus kohlenhydrathaltiger Biomasse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anlage aus einer Teilanlage zur hydrothermalen Karbonisierung, einer Teilanlage zur hydrothermalen Vergasung und einer Teilanlage zur direkten Kohlehydrierung besteht.Plant for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrate biomass, characterized in that the plant consists of a sub-unit for hydrothermal carbonization, a sub-unit for hydrothermal gasification and a sub-unit for direct coal hydrogenation.
DE202007016454U 2007-11-23 2007-11-23 Plant for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrate-containing biomass Expired - Lifetime DE202007016454U1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011063971A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-03 Choren Industries Gmbh Device and method for generating a synthesis gas from processed biomass by entrained-flow gasification
EP2388305A3 (en) * 2010-05-17 2012-01-25 TerraNova Energy GmbH Thermal exploitation of solid fuels

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011063971A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-03 Choren Industries Gmbh Device and method for generating a synthesis gas from processed biomass by entrained-flow gasification
US8603204B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2013-12-10 Linde Ag Device and method for generating a synthesis gas from processed biomass by entrained-flow gasification
EP2388305A3 (en) * 2010-05-17 2012-01-25 TerraNova Energy GmbH Thermal exploitation of solid fuels

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