DE202006011005U1 - Wind power plant for generation of electric current has tower like support unit which has rotative active connection in its upper area with rotor and circle or ring shape basic structure is provided in lower area of tower like support unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The wind power plant (1) has tower like support unit (5) which has rotative active connection in its upper area with the rotor (2). The circle or ring shape basic structure (6) is provided in the lower area of the basic structure. The torque transmitter is connected with the tower like support unit and the basic structure is connected with the bearing unit (8). The function unit particularly generator (7) and brake unit are in active connection with the basic structure.

Description

The The invention relates to a wind turbine according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Wind turbines are used, for example, to generate electricity. You can in two different types are divided. The relatively common first type has a rotor, which is a horizontally oriented Rotation axis rotates. For a good efficiency in energy production to reach, the rotor should be aligned perpendicular to the wind direction be. Therefor are in such wind turbines engines for tracking the Rotor regarding de wind direction provided.

When second type are wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation viewed from the rotor. These have opposite wind turbines with a horizontal Rotation axis the advantage that no tracking to the wind direction necessary is. As a result, the necessary for tracking motors, Gearbox, central warehouse and sensors superfluous.

such wind turbines therefore have a rotor having a vertical axis of rotation has and uses the Darrieus principle. The rotor is on attached to a mast or a mast-like support means. To decrease the rotation produced by the wind on the rotor are different options known. For one thing corresponding genera toreinrichtungen directly to the axis of rotation of Rotor be provided.

Likewise, there are constructions such as EP 0 801 711 B1 known which have a transmission gear and provide parallel to the mast energy transfer in the form of remote shaft or cardan shafts to the ground. At the bottom are then the correspondingly required generator facilities, if the wind turbine is used to generate electricity. The energy generated can also be used for water pumps or similar purposes. The problem with this design is that usually more bracing of the support tower are required, which adversely affect the wind flow and thus the aerodynamics of the rotor used. In addition, an upper bearing point is necessary for this. This is the case for all restraints.

adversely The two well-known concepts is that it is usually custom-made are and therefore relatively expensive. Also leads a failure of a single Component, such as of the generator, to long downtimes, in which no use possible is because the individual elements are first made specifically have to or have a relatively long delivery time. So are wind turbines with horizontal axis about 10 to 25 of the time for repair and maintenance purposes quiet.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a wind turbine to create a high availability rate has at relatively low investment costs.

The The object is achieved by a Wind turbine solved with features of claim 1. Therefore If a wind turbine is used with a rotor with vertical axis, having a plurality of wing blades. This rotor is supported by a mast-like support means. According to the invention this mast-like support means in its upper region with the rotor in a rotary operative connection.

in the lower portion of the mast-like support means, also called Tower or mast can be called, is a circular or ring-shaped base structure provided in the torque transmitting Active connection with the mast-like support means is. These Basic structure is associated with storage facilities. In addition, functional devices can be brought into operative connection with the basic structure. Here are in particular Generator and / or braking devices provided.

Further advantageous embodiments are in the dependent claims, the description and the figures and their description.

One The basic idea of the invention lies in the tapping point of the rotational energy as simple as possible near the ground to lay without a complex transmission structure provided. This is achieved in the invention in that the Rotor the entire mast-like support means and set the base structure in rotation. At the turning Basic structure can then various facilities for energy consumption are provided. In the construction according to the invention These are provided in the form of functional devices, both Generator as well as braking devices may include. braking devices are necessary to prevent the wind turbine from strong winds damage to protect. The storage devices and the functional devices can also integrated running become.

The torque-transmitting connection between the rotor and the mast-like carrier device can be carried out differently. The simplest type of connection is a rigid connection, for example, by welding or toothing of both components together. It is also possible to bring the two components by a transmission gear together. If this Transmission gear has several different translations, so a start of the rotor can be performed at a lower translation, and as soon as a certain rotational speed is reached, a higher ratio can be used. In a similar manner, the connection between the carrier device and the base structure can also be carried out.

One Another basic idea of the invention can be seen therein, not a single central storage for to provide the basic structure, but several at the base structure to use arranged decentralized storage facilities. Through this Design does not have a single very expensive component as a bearing used, which is based on the total weight of the plant have to be. In the invention can several storage devices are used, only in their Entity must be designed for the entire wind turbine. At every single storage facility can therefore have low requirements making them weaker and thus more cost-effective can be designed and can come from a series production. By the construction according to the invention is an availability of over 95% to reach.

Basically Any rotor design used for use with vertical axes of rotation is suitable. Is particularly advantageous but the use of the Darrieus principle, in particular a H-Darrieus rotor. A preferred rotor has several, in particular two to four, Rotor wing blades on. These rotor blades are essentially provided parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. They advantageously have a fully symmetrical wing-like profile. Of them oncoming Wind generates at the wing profiles a buoyancy so that they move in the direction of the buoyancy. This buoyancy is as a physical technical term for airflows used forces generated caused by pressure differences on the two sides of a wing. The buoyancy created here does not generate upward force, but rather tangential to the direction of rotation of the rotor. You can also call him as Designate propulsion. Due to the fully symmetrical design is the lift on both the windward and on the The windward side of the rotor blade generated. The rotor blades are preferably each with a transverse to the axis of rotation Mounted at the center of rotation. It is advantageous if the rotor blades self-supporting and only attached to the lower bracket because of the mast then end there.

At the Rotate the wing-like Forming rotor wing blades itself, as with aircraft wings, by the pressure difference between positive and negative pressure on the two sides of the wings edge vortex at the edge area. In aviation technology or the Aerodynamics use about one-third of the entire wing surface to create these To cope with marginal vortices, which counteract the buoyancy. For this Reason gliders have the greatest possible extension. Wherein stretching The relationship from the chordal depth referred to the span. To the emerging edge vortex here too suppress, it is advantageous if appropriate at both terminal ends of the rotor blade leaves vortex reducing devices are provided. Here are For example, corresponding profile body or end plates used.

In an advantageous embodiment is the mast-like support means composed of several stages segments. These can be telescoped to each other be. In order to produce particularly stable masts, it is known the masts a conical or parabolic-like shape, similar to the Eiffel Tower, to give. In the production of these masts with a parabola-like Shape but creates a relatively large waste when cutting of the blanks. This one increases again the material costs.

By the provision of individual stages, in particular cylinder-like pronounced could be, it is possible to have similar bending moments as with conventional, cone-like Technology produced masts, but without a large waste to produce in the production of these components. Another advantage, which results from the step-like construction is that the individual elements can be telescopic to each other. This means that it is possible is, the mast or the tower-like support device into one another and extendable. Thus, the wind turbine can e.g. in transported a 40-foot container become.

in this connection It has proved to be advantageous if this retraction and extension by hydraulic or pneumatic means is executable. It can be widely used for this purpose Components such as corresponding elements of a dump truck for the Use structure with compressed air. Of course, there are other methods for retracting and extending the mast realized.

To support the base plate and thus also the mast-like carrier device and the rotor rotatable, a bearing device preferably has at least one radial bearing and / or an upper and a lower vertical bearing. In order to achieve a sufficient support and storage of the base structure, it is preferred if several, in particular three to four, storage devices with approximately the same angular distance distributed around the base structure are. It can also be provided more of these storage facilities.

The Radial bearings serve to fix the basic structure, so that the Middle axis remains largely stable in position. The used upper and lower vertical bearings absorb the tipping forces, which act by rotational vibrations and the wind on the mast. By an execution with several smaller storage facilities, a single large storage facility, as is often used in previously known wind turbines superfluous.

By the great Weight of wind turbines are traditionally expensive tower bearings as required, e.g. For the tower of a tank are provided. Such tower bearings have but long delivery times, so that both the production as well the repair and maintenance of such a wind turbine not carried out at short notice can be.

smaller But stocks are available in the market relatively quickly, so that by their use no time restrictions in the construction or maintenance of a wind turbine equipped with it result.

In a preferred embodiment will the transmission the rotation on the generator means by one or more With the base structure can be brought into conditioning friction body. Here's a way this friction body for example, in the form of a spring by the side surface of the circular or annular base structure pressed Tire to realize. economical can here e.g. Truck tires are used. By using a Spring device for applying the necessary contact pressure can Furthermore be achieved that the requirements of the basic structure as well their storage and the exact round design should not be too high have to, because smaller tolerances are easily compensated.

In another embodiment it is also possible at the annular Base structure to provide gear-like recesses. She can too be designed as a toothed wheel. In this example can then to tap the rotation engage a toothed pinion of a generator. in principle are also other acceptance options for the rotation conceivable. The choice of the exact acceptance and transmission device for the generator depends on from the corresponding external conditions, such as whether or not the generator is in a desert region or rather in wetter regions or in an off-shore wind farm.

There several functional blocks With multiple generators, it is possible to use the to size smaller individual generators. So can without another available as a mass product Generators are used. This will be custom-made, as they are currently used in wind turbines, superfluous.

Around the availability to increase the wind turbine and also the replacement of individual components, the decrease of the Rotation of the base structure serve to allow during operation can to provide several generator devices. It exists however also the possibility the generator device with a changing device for a flying change, a reversible reel or a rocker equip. By such a device, for example in the form of a gefe derten rocker, can two means may be provided, which alternately rotate record and forward to the generator device. But it is only one agent in use.

Should For example, a pinion to be replaced, then the turnable reel actuated and a second substitute arranged pinion engages the toothed wheel the basic structure. Here, the first pinion is released, allowing a maintenance with easy uninterrupted replacement while of the operation possible is. A similar Construction can also be used for a rotation transmission via friction. Around the generator device with, for example, two pinions for the decrease of To connect rotational movement of the basic structure, can be a collection gear be provided between these two pinions on the generator. in this connection offers a simple chain transmission or even more complex types of transmissions at.

at known wind turbines in which the axis of rotation horizontal runs, There are position lights on the nacelle in which also the Generator is housed. These position lights are at appropriate Air transport in local traffic and control zones is absolutely necessary. adversely on this construction in wind turbines with horizontal axis of rotation is that the position lights are not at the highest point of the wind turbine are because the individual rotor blades at times considerably over the Machine nacelle protrude. In an advantageous embodiment The invention relates to the rotor wing blades in the upper end region corresponding position lights provided.

These end regions of the rotor blades are the highest point of the wind turbine, so that according to aviation law good visibility is possible. For power supply of Positi onslichter can serve a conventional power supply. In a Advantageous embodiment, however, small wind turbines, for example in the form of aerometers, are provided on the rotor blades, which are rotated by the wind flowing to the wind turbine and generate energy for the position lights by means of smaller generators. In order to allow lighting of the position lights, when there is no wind, appropriate backup batteries may be provided in the rotor blade leaves or in the mast area. The wind turbines are preferably provided in the lower end region of the rotor vanes.

conventional wind turbines often have problems with the derivation of striking lightning, which leads to significant leaf repairs. This affects both wind turbines with vertical as well as horizontal axis of rotation. The passage of lightning currents through the central bearings is often difficult or only with very high constructive effort possible.

By the inventive concept Is it possible, on such central bearings to dispense, making a lightning discharge relatively easy and problem-free perform is. The rotor and / or the mast-like support means has corresponding means to dissipate lightning. This can be laminated, for example thicker wires and / or grid, which serve for the current dissipation. To ground The complete system, it is advantageous if a sliding contact between the base structure and the ground or one grounded device is provided.

The Invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment and a schematic drawing closer explained. In this drawing shows:

1 a side sectional view of a wind turbine according to the invention.

In 1 is a functional diagram of a wind turbine according to the invention 1 shown in the form of a side sectional view. The wind turbine 1 consists of a rotor 2 and a relatively short mast-like support means 5 , which can also be called a tower.

The rotor 2 is from a boom 4 and a plurality of rotor blades 3 built up. These rotor blades 3 are in their lower area on the boom 4 appropriate. For additional stabilization can still tensions of the rotor blades 3 be provided with each other. In principle, however, it is desirable to use as possible no tensions, as they are the aerodynamics of the rotor blade leaves 3 adversely affect and thus reduce the efficiency of the wind turbine. Both in the upper and in the lower part of the rotor wing blades 3 there are end discs 21 or profile body to reduce the resulting edge vortex.

In the rotation axis 11 joins the boom 4 of the rotor 2 the carrier tower 5 at. The carrier tower 5 ends accordingly in the level of the jib 4 , At the other end of the support tower 5 is centered to the axis of rotation 11 the basic structure 6 , This can be provided for example in the form of a circular disk. Also, a construction in the manner of a wheel with individual spoke segments is possible.

In the left area of the basic structure 6 is one of several storage facilities 8th shown. Conveniently, there are three or four storage devices 8th at the same angle was about the basic structure 6 distributed provided. A storage facility 8th has a main body in the foundation 23 is anchored. For radial storage of the basic structure 6 is at this storage facility 8th a radial bearing 15 intended. The main body, which may be a post, for example, and also the base structure 6 can be constructed of steel or reinforced steel. This material is also suitable for the carrier tower 5 or the rotor 2 at.

Furthermore, at the storage facility 8th an upper vertical bearing 16 and a lower vertical warehouse 17 available. These are used to absorb tilting moments on the wind turbine 1 act. Opposite the storage facility 8th is in 1 a generator device 7 shown.

This generator device 7 is similar to the storage facility 8th For example, attached to a steel post, which is anchored in the ground. For transmitting the rotational movement of the basic structure 6 on the generator is a wheel 19 intended. This is done by a spring rocker to the base structure 6 pressed so that the rotation of the basic structure 6 on the bike 19 is transmitted. About an unillustrated transmission, the rotation of the wheel for power generation is transmitted to the generator.

Both at the storage facility 8th as well as at the generator device 7 , which may also be referred to as a functional block, sensors are provided in this embodiment. These sensors can be used to determine the rotational speed of the basic structure 6 serve. It is also possible to provide each temperature sensors. Also on the mast-like support device 5 sensors can be installed. Here, for example, offers a wind speed device to monitor the wind speed, and so the wind turbine 1 slow down in a storm or stop completely.

The Wind turbine according to the invention thus offers a simple concept, which by a multiple redundant design has a high availability.

Claims (12)

Wind turbine ( 1 ) with a rotor ( 2 ) having a substantially vertical axis of rotation ( 11 ) and a plurality of rotor blades ( 3 ), and with a mast-like support device ( 5 ), which the rotor ( 2 ), characterized in that the mast-like support means ( 5 ) in its upper region with the rotor ( 2 ) is in a rotational operative connection, that in the lower region of the mast-like support device ( 5 ) a circular or annular basic structure ( 6 ) is provided, which in torque-transmitting operative connection with the mast-like support device ( 5 ) and that the basic structure ( 6 ) with storage facilities ( 8th ) and that functional devices, in particular generator ( 7 ) and braking devices, with the basic structure ( 6 ) can be brought into operative connection. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor ( 2 ) according to the Darrieus principle, in particular as a H-Darrieus rotor is executed. Wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mast-like support means ( 5 ) of several, in particular telescopic, stage segments ( 13 ) is constructed. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mast-like support means ( 5 ), in particular hydraulically or pneumatically, extendable and retractable. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of decentralized storage facilities ( 8th ), preferably three or four storage devices ( 8th ), with the same angular distance around the basic structure ( 6 ), are provided. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the storage devices ( 8th ) at least one radial bearing ( 15 ), and / or an upper ( 16 ) and a lower one ( 17 ) Vertical storage for the basic structure ( 6 ) exhibit. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the generator device ( 7 ) Means for recording the rotational movement of the basic structure ( 6 ), in particular in the form of one or more of the basic structure ( 6 ) in engageable or engageable friction body ( 19 ). Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the basic structure ( 6 ) gear-like manner that the generator device ( 7 ) Means for receiving the rotational movement of the annular or circular base structure, and that the means are designed as pinions for engagement in the teeth of the gear-like base structure. Wind turbine according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the generator device ( 7 ) is equipped with a flying change device and that the means for receiving the rotational movement of the base structure ( 6 ) are provided multiple times, wherein in each case at least one of the agents in operative connection with the basic structure ( 6 ) is or can be brought. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the edge region of the rotor blades ( 3 ) Profile body or end discs ( 21 ) are provided. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the end region of the rotor blades ( 3 ) Position lights are provided. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in or on the rotor ( 2 ) and / or the mast-like support device ( 5 ) Means are provided for discharging flashes, which need not be guided through or around rolling bearings, and that for grounding the means for deriving a sliding contact between the base structure ( 6 ) and a grounded device, in particular the ground, is provided.