DE202006007617U1 - A method for heating rooms in buildings has a system of tubing conducting a heat transfer fluid bonded to aluminium panels with phase change outer layers - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has extruded aluminium panels 100- 150mm wide, 500-1000mm high and 1-3mm thick with the tubing (6) heat conductively bonded (5) on one side wth the other side having a phase change material (7) with a foil outer surface (8).

Description

introduction

The The invention relates to a device for tempering a room inside a building, comprising a pipe system through which a heat transfer medium can flow with a plurality of mutually parallel pipe sections and a plurality of lamellar elongated heat exchanger elements, the with its longitudinal direction parallel to the pipe sections and heat-conducting connected to these, which provided with the heat exchanger elements Piping system parallel and spaced from a ceiling or wall of the is arranged to be tempered room.

State of technology

Such a device is for example from the EP 0 333 032 A1 known. At straight-running sections of a pipe system consisting of copper pipe heat exchanger elements are attached in the form of aluminum extruded profiles good heat-conducting. In order to maximize the heat transfer performance of the known system as possible, the heat exchanger elements are arranged with their longitudinal edges lying one behind the other and parallel to each other such that they extend obliquely to the wall or ceiling surface covered by the system, the entire of the heat exchanger elements facing the temperate space facing , obliquely to the covered wall or ceiling surface extending radiation and convection surface is greater than the covered wall or ceiling surface. In this way, both the heat transfer generated by convection and the transmitted by means of radiation heat can be increased. As a result, relatively high heat transfer rates, in particular cooling capacities, can be realized on a small area.

Known is further the phenomenon the so-called latent heat storage, including the storage of heat in a material that is understood in the heat absorption or output a phase transition from solid to liquid or conversely learns. Such materials are called "phase change material" or as "phase change Material (PCM) ". When storing heat into the storage material, the material begins when the temperature is reached of the phase transition to melt and increase then, despite further storage of heat, i. Energy intake, his Do not continue until the material has completely melted. Only then does an increase occur again the temperature. Therefore longer Time despite heat supply no noticeable increase in temperature occurs during the of the phase transition stored heat also "hidden heat" or "latent Called "heat".

By the effect of latent heat storage There are two important areas in the field of technical building equipment Advantages: Firstly, it is possible in the range of small temperature changes relatively high amounts of heat to store and thus to achieve high storage densities. Since the Phase transition at constant temperature over exists over a period of time, there is also the Possibility, Smooth temperature fluctuations and to prevent temperature peaks. The latter is mostly in more modern buildings important, often less storage mass and big glass surfaces have, so that in particular the solar energy input high Load peaks occur.

Known Phase change materials consist of salt hydrates or paraffin. The materials are in the specific application so designed so that the melting point or the melting range in one for the to be solved Task favorable Bandwidth is.

In the application of phase change materials in the field of technical building equipment, it is from the DE 203 03 514 U1 known to provide heat exchanger elements with phase change material. In order to be able to realize a modular design of the overall device and to use simple geometric shapes for each heat exchanger element, the phase change material is disposed within a cylindrical or oval or polygonal enclosure. Within the enclosure, a profile made of thermally conductive material, in particular in the form of an aluminum extruded profile, or alternatively also a heat-conducting braid may be present in order to improve the heat transfer from the interior of the heat exchanger element to the surface in this way. In the interior of the heat exchanger element, there is furthermore a pipeline for a heat transfer medium, which is integrated, for example, in an extruded profile made of aluminum of a star-shaped cross-section. According to the DE 203 03 541 U1 a plurality of parallel in a plurality of rows or even matrix-like heat exchanger elements are arranged within a housing in which there is a directional flow with air to effect heat transfer from the heat exchanger elements and in particular the phase change material there present to the air and vice versa.

Due to the selected shape of the heat exchanger elements, the heat transfer in the air flow through the air is not optimal. The compact shape of the heat exchanger elements that no have flat, ie lamellar shape, resulting in a poor surface-to-volume ratio.

Furthermore, in the DE 203 05 942 U1 a component is known in which, for example, within the basic body consisting of concrete for an integral cavities for a phase change material and further also cavities for the flow with a heat transfer medium, in particular with water, are available. The latter further cavities are realized in the form of a meandering laid tube system. However, this prior art device is not suitable as a heat exchange element in systems with convective heat transfer, since the surface-to-volume ratio is very poor. A flow through the device in the vertical direction, ie perpendicular to the plane of the piping system is not possible in the closed design. Main field of application for the known component is the storage of the largest possible amount of energy in order to obtain a sluggish and insensitive to temperature fluctuations overall system.

From the DE 103 54 355 A1 Furthermore, a device for controlling the temperature of rooms is known, in which at least one air duct is present, the walls of which are provided with a phase change material in order to achieve an exchange of heat energy during the flow through the air duct. In order to be able to cool with the known device both in summer and in winter, a cooling section and one of them structurally separate heating section is provided, wherein in both sections in the region of the phase transition material each channels are provided with hot water (heating section) or cold water (Cooling section) can be flowed through, in order to be able to supply or withdraw thermal energy from the phase transition material in this way.

The Piping systems both in the cooling section as well as in the heating section are each designed as meandering laid pipes, within a heat exchanger effective large-area plate are arranged. These plates form the boundaries of the air ducts, inside derer means of an air conveyor a directed flow is produced. First, in this known system, the heat transfer improved, on the other hand results in a comparatively high flow rate, both in the area of the air outlet from one end of the known device as well as in the area of the opposite Air intake can lead to drafts.

task

Of the Invention is based on the object, a device for tempering of spaces To propose, which is easy to manufacture and by a good heat transfer between the heat exchanger elements and the air of the room to be tempered, both a sufficient amount of convective heat transfer as well as a sufficient Proportion of heat transfer should be given by radiation.

solution

outgoing from a device of the type described above, this is Task according to the invention thereby solved, that the heat exchanger elements each having a phase change material, in the longitudinal direction the heat exchanger element arranged distributed and thermally conductive with this is connected.

The inventive combination of a plurality of elongated lamellar heat exchanger elements with the highly storable phase change material causes optimum heat transfer both from the point of view of convection and the heat radiation. The plurality of lamellar elongated heat exchanger elements allows a flow between adjacent elements, for example, in the case of cooling a downward flow of low speed over the entire covered with the device ceiling surface. Here, the device according to the invention differs in particular from the principle of the DE 103 54 335 A1 known device, due to the formation of horizontally extending air ducts and of a tritts- or outlet sections only on opposite end faces no large vertical to the covered ceiling surface, ie perpendicular to the piping system for the heat transfer medium, running flow allows.

Unlike the one in the DE 203 03 514 U1 disclosed heat exchange element with a particular cylindrical cross-section causes the lamella shape of the heat exchanger elements according to the invention an increase in the effective surface area (based on the volume, ie the mass), so that the heat transfer by means of radiation and convection can be increased. Moreover, in the device according to the invention can be dispensed with a dimensionally stable enclosure of the phase change material, as appropriate or desired. The phase change material may then be applied in the form of a layer or coating on a preferably plate-shaped heat exchanger blade consisting in particular of aluminum sheet. The surface contact between the heat exchanger elements and the layer of phase change material is a good heat transfer between the two reached mentioned ropes or materials. However, the phase change material is always in a liquid-tight envelope, for example in the form of a bag made of plastic or aluminum foil to accommodate because the material is liquefied due to the supply of heat and would run without wrapping.

The Invention further ausgestaltend is provided that the phase change material in a longitudinal direction the respective heat exchanger element extending cavity in the interior of the respective heat exchanger element is arranged, wherein the cavity over a over the whole length the heat exchanger element extending opening cross-section accessible is. This way is for the phase change material created a well-defined recording space, being due to the accessibility over a entire longitudinal side the heat exchanger element the assembly is greatly simplified. So it is unnecessary the phase change material frontally into the elongated heat exchanger elements to have to bring in which is especially great for long lengths would be very detrimental.

A Further development of the invention consists in that the heat exchanger element from two in the longitudinal direction is composed of mutually parallel profiles and that both profiles between them enclose the cavity in which the phase change material is located. The introduction of the phase change material done in unassembled Condition of the two profiles, allowing excellent accessibility given is. After joining the profile is the phase change material protected inside the cavity arranged.

Further It is suggested that a profile in the cross section be flat and rectangular another profile in cross-section is flat channel-shaped. In the composite Condition thus results in a total of the outlines her flat rectangular cross-sectional shape with inner, rectangular in cross section rectangular cavity.

alternative to heat exchanger elements from two profile parts and a one-piece profile shape is possible, wherein the heat exchanger element in this case of a cross-sectionally U-shaped profile, preferably an aluminum extruded profile is formed. The contribution of the phase change material can in this case via the on the whole length of the heat exchange element extending opening cross-section respectively.

Around a good heat transfer from the heat transfer medium on the phase change material, the pipe sections should within of the cavity for the phase change material are located.

Around the heat transfer from the piping system into the fins is intended in that the heat exchanger elements designed as extruded aluminum profiles cover the respective pipe section wrap around at an angle of more than 180 °. In addition to the very good heat transfer In this way, a mechanically strong connection without additional Achieved components.

Finally is still provided that the heat exchange elements are aligned perpendicular to the ceiling or wall and to rectilinear Pipe sections of a Rohrmäanders are arranged. On this way, a space is created between adjacent heat exchanger elements for one Flow passage kept free, so that, for example, cooled in cooling air between the heat exchanger elements can flow down into the room. It can the fins of the heat exchanger elements aslant to the covered wall or ceiling surface or even vertically be aligned to this. A surface-specific particularly high Cooling or heat output becomes skewed of the fins achieved when the total of the heat exchanger elements formed area is larger as the covered wall or ceiling surface.

embodiment

The Invention will be described below with reference to embodiments which are described in the Drawing are shown, closer explained. It shows:

1 a cross section through a first embodiment of a heat exchanger element,

2 a cross section through a second embodiment of a heat exchanger element,

3 a cross section through a third embodiment of a heat exchanger element,

4 a cross section through a fourth embodiment of a heat exchanger element,

5a u. 5b an end view and a plan view of a device and

6 an end view of an alternative device.

An in 1 illustrated heat exchanger element 1 includes an elongated lamellar profile 2 , which is designed in particular as an aluminum extruded profile. The profile 2 is flat rectangular in cross-section and has a width 3 from about 100 mm to 150 mm and a thickness 4 from about 1 mm to 3 mm. In the 1 unrecognizable Length of the profile 2 is about 500 mm to 1000 mm, depending on the application and the dimensions of the profile cross section but other lengths are conceivable. The profile 2 is thermally conductive with a likewise exported as extruded aluminum profile transmission profile 5 connected, in particular glued. The transmission profile 5 points to his profile 2 side facing away from a trough-shaped depression into which a pipe section 6 the piping system, which in particular has the shape of a Rohrmäanders inserted. The connection between the pipe section 6 and the transmission profile 5 is also good heat-conducting, which can be done for example by suitable bonding or by clipping.

On the the pipeline section 6 and the transmission profile 5 opposite side of the profile 2 is a phase change material (PCM) 7 arranged. The phase change material 7 is in the form of a layer flat on one side of the profile 2 applied. Depending on the phase change material used 7 Can this with an outside cladding 8th be provided, for example in the form of a sheet of metal or plastic. With sufficient dimensional stability, this envelope is 8th but also dispensable. The heat exchanger element 11 according to 2 differs from the heat exchanger element 1 to 1 by the cross-sectional shape of the profile 12 which has a connection area 15 as an integral part. The connection area 15 encloses the pipe section 6 with an angle of about 340 °, allowing a very good heat transfer from the pipe section 6 in the profile 12 takes place. In addition, the connection between the pipe section 6 and the profile 12 also very stable mechanically. The connection between the pipe section 6 and the connection area 15 of the profile 12 For example, such that the pipe section initially with some undersize in the connection area 15 the profile is inserted and then a widening of the pipe section takes place, in which eg a steel ball with excess through the pipe section 6 is pressed, whereby a permanent deformation, ie expansion, of the pipe section 6 and thus a non-positive connection with the connection area 15 of the profile 12 entry.

This in 3 illustrated profile 22 has a U-shaped cross section, the inner cavity 29 completely with the phase change material 7 is filled. In a vertical arrangement of the heat exchanger elements 21 is the opening cross section 23 of the profile 22 not visible from the room. Pipeline section 6 and the transmission profile 5 correspond to the in 1 shown embodiment.

At the in 4 shown variant of a heat exchanger element 31 are two profiles 32a and 32b put together so that between them a rectangular cavity 33 results. While the profile 32b is rectangular in cross-section, has the profile 32a Bends at both longitudinal edges 34 , so that the overall result is the shape of a shallow groove. Both sides of the center in the cavity 33 extending pipe section 6 there is a transmission profile 5 , The transmission profiles 5 also take over the connection function between the two profiles 32a and 32b , The transmission profiles 5 can also be implemented as a single profile. Alternatively, it is also possible, the pipe section 6 non-positively with only one of the two profiles 32a or 32b to connect and the profiles in the area of the end faces 35 the folds 34 eg by gluing together. To optimize the heat transfer, however, it is recommended that the pipe section 6 thermally conductive with both profiles 32a and 32b to pair. The through the pipe section 6 cavity divided into two compartments 33 is with phase change material 7 filled, with two of the separate strands 36o and 36u of the phase change material 7 available.

One in the 5a and 5b shown device 40 to temper a room is at a distance 41 from a blanket 42 a room arranged. A piping system 43 in the form of a Rohrmäanders has straight, parallel to each other and lying within a plane pipe sections 6 , each good heat-conducting with the heat exchanger elements 1 according to 1 or alternatively formed heat exchanger elements are coupled. The heat exchanger elements 1 are there with the through the profiles 2 or the layer of the phase change material 7 defined plane perpendicular to the plane of the ceiling 42 aligned.

In cooling, there is one in the interstices 44 between each two adjacent heat exchanger elements 1 according to the arrows 45 downward airflow. In the room ascending warm air can in particular laterally next to the device 40 in the area between the device and the ceiling 42 to flow then cooled in the manner described above again into the room into it.

6 shows an alternative embodiment in the form of a device 50 in which to within a first level 51 running piping system 53 another parallel or in series connected thereto further piping system 53 ' that in a plane 54 above the level 51 is arranged. heat exchanger elements 1 are both in senk right orientation to a ceiling, not shown on pipe sections of the lower piping system 53 , as well as in horizontal alignment on pipe sections of the upper piping system 53 ' , The arrangement of the individual heat exchanger elements can be done both under architectural as well as under flow aspects.

In the following, the operation of the device according to the invention is briefly described: Since normal room temperatures in buildings in the summer range between 23 ° C and 26 ° C and a charge of the PCM memory is to take place at night, a phase transformation in the range between 20 ° C and 22 ° C low. A vote of the commercially available phase change materials to this transition temperature is readily possible. At night, with cold water in the piping system 53 respectively. 53 ' the phase change material 7 put in the solid state. That through the piping system 53 respectively. 53 ' guided water has a temperature of about 16 ° C to 18 ° C, which is substantially constant throughout the storage charge. If, during the following day, the temperatures increase, eg due to solar energy input through window surfaces, with increasing time, it is not necessary to start the cooling ceiling, as in the phase change material 7 At a room temperature of over 22 ° C, the phase change material begins to absorb heat, thereby achieving cooling of the room air.The process of energy absorption by the phase change material continues until the entire phase change material is in the liquid state If, in this situation, there is still a need for cooling in the building or room, it is necessary to put the cooling ceiling into operation, ie the piping system 53 respectively. 53 ' to flow through with cooled water. At the same time, both the space is cooled and the memory is recharged in the form of the phase change material.

A alternative mode of operation is that during the day active cooling mode already started earlier so that the memory discharge is delayed.

One particularly advantageous mode of operation is that the heat transfer medium, especially water, for cooling of the phase change material, i. to transfer the same into the fixed one Condition, only by means of a cooling tower, i. Without any effort a chiller, i.e. a mechanical energy-requiring refrigeration compressor is cooled, and preferably during the night hours. At a vote of the phase change material in the sense described above, it is already sufficient, with water temperatures between 16 ° C and 18 ° C too work to restore the phase change material to the solid state to convict. such Temperatures can also be in summer nights by means of a on the Roof of the building located cooling tower produce in a particularly energy-efficient manner. The energy required for cooling of the building let yourself Significantly reduce costs by not using conventional chillers.

1

Heat exchanger element

2

profile

3

width

4

thickness

5

transfer profile

6

Pipeline section

7

Phase change material

8th

wrapping

11

Heat exchanger element

12

profile

15

connecting area

21

Heat exchanger element

22

profile

23

Opening cross-section

29

cavity

31

Heat exchanger element

32a, 32b

profile

33

cavity

34

fold

35

face

36u, 36o

strand

40

contraption

41

distance

42

blanket

43

Piping

44

gap

45

arrow

50

contraption

51

level

53 53 '

Piping

54

level

Claims (9)

Contraption ( 40 . 50 ) for tempering a room within a building, comprising a pipeline system through which a heat transfer medium can flow ( 53 . 53 ' ) with a plurality of mutually parallel pipeline sections ( 6 ) and a plurality of lamellar elongated heat exchanger elements ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) in their longitudinal direction parallel to the pipe sections ( 6 ) and are thermally conductively connected thereto, wherein the with the heat exchange elements ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) piping system ( 53 . 53 ' ) parallel and at a distance ( 41 ) too a blanket ( 42 ) or wall of the room to be tempered is arranged, characterized in that the heat exchanger elements ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) each a phase change material ( 7 ), which in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger element ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) arranged distributed and thermally conductively connected thereto. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material ( 7 ) forms a layer which is in contact with a surface of the heat exchanger element ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) is in heat-conducting contact. Device according to claim 1 or 2m, characterized in that the phase change material ( 7 ) in a longitudinal direction of the respective heat exchanger element ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) extending cavity ( 33 ) in the interior of the respective heat exchanger element ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ), wherein the cavity ( 33 ) over an entire length of the heat exchanger element ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) extending opening cross-section ( 23 ) is accessible. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger element ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) of two longitudinally parallel profiles ( 32a . 32b ) and that both profiles ( 32a . 32b ) between the cavity ( 33 ) in which the phase change material ( 7 ) is located. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that a profile ( 32a ) in cross-section flat rectangular and another profile ( 32b ) is formed in the cross-section flat channel-shaped. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger element ( 21 ) of a cross-sectionally U-shaped profile ( 22 ), preferably an aluminum extruded profile. Device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the pipe sections ( 6 ) within the cavity ( 33 ) for the phase change material ( 7 ) are located. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the designed as an aluminum extruded heat exchanger elements ( 11 ) the pipeline section ( 6 ) at an angle of more than 180 °. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the heat exchanger elements ( 1 . 11 . 21 . 31 ) are aligned perpendicular to the ceiling or wall and at rectilinear pipe sections ( 6 ) are arranged a Rohrmäanders.