DE202006003674U1 - Forming activated carbon with catalytic activity for e.g. odor filter involves subjecting carbonaceous organic polymers into which, in course of their formation, metal has been interpolymerized, to carbonization and subsequent activation - Google Patents

Abstract

Production of activated carbon having catalytic activity involves carbonization and subsequent activation of carbonaceous organic polymers as starting material, where the polymers into which, in the course of their formation or production, at least one metal has been interpolymerized, are subjected to carbonization and subsequent activation to form an activated carbon loaded with the metal.

Description

The The present invention relates to an activated carbon with catalytic Activity, especially in spherical form ("ball carbon"). The activated carbon according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a wide variety of applications, especially for Filter or for Protective materials, such as protective suits and other protective garments (e.g. Protective footwear, protective gloves, protective socks, protective underwear, protective headgear Etc.).

activated carbon is due to their rather unspecific adsorptive properties the most used adsorbent. Legal requirements, as well the rising consciousness the responsibility for lead the environment to an increasing demand for activated carbon.

activated carbon is generally carbonated (synonymously also as pyrolysis or else called carbonization) and subsequent activation more appropriate prepared carbonaceous starting compounds, such Starting compounds are preferred that are too economically reasonable Lead yields. Because the weight loss by elimination of volatile components in the carbonization and by the targeted burning when activating are significant.

For further Details of the production of activated carbon, for example be referred to H. v. Kienle and E. Bäder, "Activated Carbon and its Industrial Application", Enke Verlag Stuttgart, 1980th

The Nature of activated carbon produced - fine or coarsely porous, solid or brittle, grain or spherical - depends on Starting material. usual Starting materials are coconut shells, wood waste, peat, Hard coal, pitches, but also special plastics, among others play a certain role in the production of activated carbon fabrics. About that In addition, as starting materials and organic polymers are used.

activated carbon is used in various forms: powdered coal, grit, Corn, coal and since the late 1970s also spherical activated carbon ( "Carbon spherules"). Spherical activated carbon has opposite other forms of activated carbon have a number of advantages that they for certain applications valuable or even indispensable: it is free-flowing, enormous abrasion-resistant, dust-free and very hard.

Spherical coal can be produced by various methods:
One method of producing ball-coal is to produce pellets of coal tar pitch and suitable asphaltic residues of petroleum chemistry, which are oxidized to make them infusible, subsequently deflashed, and subsequently activated. Alternatively, the ball carbon can also be produced in a multi-stage process starting from bitumen. These multi-stage processes are very costly, and the associated high price of the ball coal prevents many applications in which the ball coal would actually be preferred because of their properties.

Thus, it has been attempted to produce high quality carbon spheres in other ways: it is known from the prior art to use activated carbon in the form of activated carbon beads by carbonization and subsequent activation of unused or used ion exchangers based on styrene / divinylbenzene resins containing sulfonic acid groups by the carbonation of ion exchanger precursors in the presence of sulfuric acid and subsequent activation, the sulfonic acid groups or the sulfuric acid having the function of a crosslinker. Such methods are for example in the DE 43 28 219 A1 and in the DE 43 04 026 A1 as well as in the DE 196 00 237 A1 including the German additional application DE 196 25 069 described. Furthermore, WO 01/83368 A1 can be mentioned in this context.

Further is from WO 98/07655 A1 a process for the preparation of activated carbon beads known at first a mixture that originates from diisocyanate production Distillation residue, a carbonaceous processing aid and optionally one or more other additives, into free-flowing beads is processed and then the beads obtained in this way be hated and then activated.

The For example, spherical activated carbon prepared in the aforementioned manner may be used in protective suits, in particular so-called ABC protective suits for military or civil defense use, be used. Thus, the activated carbon can in particular in permeable, air-permeable, adsorptive protective suits be used. Although such protective suits have a good Protective effect with respect to chemical poisons, such as warfare agents (eg. B. mustard gas or Lost), but often an insufficient protective effect in Regard to biological pollutants.

Therefore, such permeable, adsorptive filter systems based on activated carbon are often equipped with a catalytically active component by the activated carbon with a biocidal or biostatic catalyst, in particular based on metals or metal compounds, out equips, in particular impregnated.

Such a protective material is for example in the DE 195 19 869 A1 described, which contains a multi-layer, textile, gas-permeable filter material with an adsorption layer based on activated carbon, in particular in the form of carbonized fibers containing a catalyst selected from the group of copper, cadmium, platinum, palladium, mercury and zinc in amounts of 0 , 05 to 12 wt .-%, based on the activated carbon material impregnated. However, the subsequent impregnation of activated carbon is a complicated process, since the already prepared activated carbon with a suitable impregnating reagent, generally a solution or dispersion of the impregnating metal or the impregnating metal compound, brought into contact and subsequently dried again. The impregnation process thus adversely affects the performance of the activated carbon used. Furthermore, the impregnation process requires relatively large amounts of impregnating metal. Finally, a further disadvantage of the subsequent impregnation is the fact that it is not homogeneous over the entire activated carbon, in particular not homogeneously over all pores (macro-, meso- and micropores) occurs. Finally, the subsequent impregnation also impairs the adsorption capacity, since pores of the activated carbon are partially blocked or blocked by the impregnating reagent and thus are no longer available for the adsorption process.

It is therefore the object of the present invention, an activated carbon to provide with catalytic activity, which can be produced by a method which the previously described Disadvantages of the prior art, at least largely avoids or at least weakens.

Especially It is an object of the present invention to provide a Activated carbon, impregnated with an impregnating or doping metal is equipped.

The previously described problem is within the scope of the present invention dissolved by an activated carbon according to claim 1. Further, advantageous embodiments are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

Another The subject of the present invention are those using the inventively available Activated carbon manufactured products, in particular adsorption materials, according to claim 18th

object of the present invention - according to a first aspect - is thus an activated carbon, which is obtainable by a process for the production of activated carbon with catalytic activity or with metallic equipment by carbonation and subsequent activation of carbonaceous organic polymers, wherein carbon-containing organic polymers, in the at least one metal, preferably in the production thereof in the form of a metal atom and / or metal ion is subjected to carbonation and subsequent activation so that one loaded with the metal, in particular metal atom and / or metal ion Activated carbon results.

With In other words, the present invention relates to an activated carbon, which available is by a process for the production of activated carbon, which with a metal, preferably in the form of a metal atom and / or metal ion, equipped will, at first produced by polymerization carbon-containing organic polymers be in which at least one metal, preferably in the form of a metal atom and / or metal ions, and in a subsequent Step the metal-loaded, carbon-containing, prepared in this way organic polymers of a carbonization and subsequent activation be subjected.

by virtue of the fact that already the starting materials, d. H. the carbonaceous organic Polymers are prepared in their preparation with the desired metal, deleted an elaborate impregnation after preparation of the activated carbon. By the equipment already the polymeric starting materials with the metal can also be a more homogeneous Achieve homogeneous loading across all types of pores (macro-, Meso- as well as micropores) the activated carbon, so that the catalytic activity elevated is.

Surprisingly the Applicant has found that the Effectiveness against biological and chemical poisons - compared to a conventionally impregnated Activated carbon - is increased since in the case of the invention produced Activated carbon smaller amounts of metal with the same effectiveness are needed.

Furthermore, it is surprising that the metals, in particular metal atoms and / or metal ions, in the organic starting polymers do not adversely affect the subsequent carbonation and activation. Rather, the Applicant has surprisingly found that - quite unexpectedly - the presence of the metals in the starting compounds accelerates the subsequent process, in particular the activation:
The activation is completed in shorter time periods compared to a non-metal loaded coal. This was not to be expected in any way.

With the incorporation of the metals already in the carbonaceous organic starting polymers in their preparation is thus a variety associated advantages, which not only in procedural Respect, but also in the products knock down, as before explains (eg. B. more homogeneous uniform loading as well as increased catalytic activity).

Suitable according to the invention Carbonaceous organic starting polymers may be selected in particular from the group of polystyrene polymers, in particular polystyrene / acrylate copolymers and polystyrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, preferably divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrenes; Formaldehyde / phenolic resin copolymers, in particular formaldehyde-crosslinked phenolic resins; Cellulose, in particular pearl cellulose; and mixtures of the aforementioned Links.

When carbonaceous organic starting polymers are particularly preferred are polystyrene polymers, in particular polystyrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, preferably divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrenes. According to the invention preferred polymers used have a Divinylbenzolgehalt of 1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 4 to 18 wt .-%, based on the polymers, on. While for divinylbenzene-crosslinked gel-type polystyrenes as starting polymers a relatively low divinylbenzene content of 2 to 6 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 5 wt .-%, is preferred, however, is macroporous divinyibenzolvernetzten Polystyrenes as starting polymers a relatively high divinylbenzene content from 15 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 17 to 19 wt .-%, preferably.

It is according to the invention preferred when the polymers used are granular, in particular spherical, formed are. In this way, can be granular, in particular spherical, Make activated carbon. Preferably, the starting polymers used average diameter in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 mm, in particular 0.05 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm - which then to the corresponding dimensioned activated carbon particles leads.

The Production of the starting polymers or the polymerization takes place in a manner known per se to the person skilled in the art. To this end the starting monomers are in the presence of the metals, in particular the metal atoms and / or metal ions, preferably metal ions, brought to polymerization. The one or more metal atoms and / or metal ions are added for this purpose to the polymerization mixture, preferably in the form of a soluble or at least dispersible in the polymerization mixture Metal compound; then the starting mixture to be polymerized in the presence of Ge or the metals brought to polymerization. This For example, by dispersion or emulsion polymerization, especially radical polymerization. So, for example in the preparation of divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrenes Starting mixture of polystyrene and divinylbenzene (eg 1 to 10 Wt .-% Divinylbenzolanteil relative to the mixture) and metal compound (For example, copper and / or silver behenate or - (meth) acrylate) in the presence a radical initiator and optionally a pore-forming agent in be polymerized in a known manner radically, so that the desired metal-loaded organic starting polymers result. According to the invention preferred be as metal compounds, in the presence of which the polymerization carried out is used, organic compounds of the corresponding metals, especially the metal salts of organic acids (eg behenates, acrylates, Methacrylates, etc.), since these can be polymerized in particularly homogeneous. For further Details of the preparation of the organic starting polymers as such, for example, US-A-4 040 990 and US-A-4 382 124, the entire disclosure of which is relevant is hereby incorporated by reference.

The Metal, in particular metal atom and / or metal ion, may be in variable Quantities are used. In particular, it will be in such quantities used that resulting polymer, the one or more metals, in particular metal atoms and / or Metal ions, in amounts of 0.001 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.005 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 3 wt .-%, based on the polymer contains.

As previously described the carbonaceous organic produced in this way Polymer which subsequently undergoes carbonation and subsequent activation is to be subjected, at least one metal, preferably in the form a metal atom and / or metal ion. By the phrase "at least one metal" is to be understood that this carbon-containing organic polymer at least one species or at least one kind of metal, in particular metal atom and / or Metal ion, contains. equally Is it possible, different metals, in particular metal atoms and / or Metal ions (for example, mixtures of copper and silver ions Etc.).

What As far as the metal is concerned, it is in particular selected the group of copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, Zinc, mercury, titanium, zirconium and / or aluminum and / or their mixtures and the ions and / or salts. Preferred are Copper and / or silver and their ions and / or salts.

The metal-charged, carbon-containing organic polymers prepared in this manner are then subjected to carbonation and subsequent activation. Carbonation and activation take place in a manner known per se. In this regard, to the above-mentioned publications DE 43 28 219 A1 . DE 43 04 026 A1 . DE 196 00 237 A1 . DE 196 25 069 A1 and WO 01/83368 A1, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

In order to obtain high yields in activated carbon production, such starting polymers are advantageously used which contain chemical groups which lead to free radicals and thus to crosslinking in their chemical decomposition, in particular under carbonization conditions, in particular sulfonic acid and / or isocyanate groups, preferably sulfonic acid groups. Such chemical groups, in particular sulfonic acid groups, may already be present in the starting polymers used, provided that sulfonated starting monomers are used for the polymerization or the starting polymers prepared are sulfonated after their polymerization. According to the invention, however, it is preferred if these chemical groups, in particular sulfonic acid groups, are introduced only before and / or during the carbonation. This is done by adding a sulfonating reagent, preferably SO ₃ , to the starting polymers (eg by impregnation, impregnation or wetting). The SO ₃ is preferably used in the form of in particular concentrated sulfuric acid and / or oleum, more preferably in the form of a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and oleum. This is known to the skilled person as such. For example, in this context, the aforementioned WO 01/83368 A1, the DE 196 25 069 A1 and the DE 196 00 237 A1 Reference is hereby made to the entire contents of this disclosure by reference.

As mentioned previously, carbonation and activation are carried out in a manner known per se. In carbonization, the conversion of the carbonaceous polymeric starting material is generally to carbon, that is, in other words, the polymeric starting material is charred. In the carbonization of the above-described organic polymer beads, in particular based on styrene and divinylbenzene, the functional chemical groups which in their thermal decomposition to free radicals and thus to crosslinks, in particular sulfonic acid groups containing - are - with elimination of volatile components, in particular of SO ₂ - destroys the functional chemical groups, in particular sulfonic acid groups, and free radicals form, which cause strong crosslinking - without which there would be no pyrolysis residue. In general, the carbonation is carried out under at least predominantly inert atmosphere (eg nitrogen) or possibly slightly oxidizing atmosphere. In general, the carbonization at temperatures of 200 to 900 ° C, preferably 250 to 850 ° C, performed. As described above, the carbonization is carried out under a predominantly inert atmosphere or at most a slightly oxidizing atmosphere; It may be advantageous during the carbonation, in particular at higher temperatures (eg in the range of about 500 to about 600 ° C), to the predominantly inert atmosphere, a smaller amount of oxygen, in particular in the form of air (eg 1 to 5%) added to effect oxidation of the carbonized polymer skeleton. In this way, the subsequent activation is facilitated.

Of the Carbonization closes then the activation. This takes place equally under known conditions. The basic principle of activation consists of part of the carbonization generated Selectively decompose carbon under suitable conditions. hereby arise numerous pores, cracks and cracks, and those on the mass unit related surface increases significantly. The activation becomes more targeted Burning the coal previously produced in the carbonization made. As carbon is degraded during carbonation, this occurs Before a partially considerable loss of substance, which under optimal conditions equivalent to an increase in porosity and increase of the inner surface and the pore volume is. The activation therefore takes place selectively or controlled oxidizing conditions. Usual activation gases are in general oxygen, in particular in the form of air, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide and mixtures of these activating gases. There in the case of oxygen there is the danger that the action will not only selective, but on the total surface occurs - by The coal burns more or less strong -, you give water vapor and carbon dioxide the preference. Very particular preference is water vapor, optionally in admixture with an inert gas (eg nitrogen). In order to achieve a technically sufficient reaction rate, the activation is generally at temperatures of about 800 up to 1,200 ° C, in particular 850 to 950 ° C, performed.

The reaction in the carbonization and activation, the person skilled in the art is known as such, so that on details Details will not be needed here.

Carbonization and / or activation can be carried out in a rotary kiln or in a fluidized bed, in particular a fluidized bed, are performed. This is known to the skilled person alike.

The according to the inventive method available Activated carbon is in particular in grain form, preferably in the form of beads, in front. The activated carbon according to the invention characterized by a homogeneous, uniform loading with the desired Imprägniermetall or doping metal, and this homogeneously over all types of pores (macro-, Meso- as well as micropores). In particular, the catalytic activity, in particular the effect opposite chemical and biological toxins, compared to a conventionally impregnated one Activated carbon increased.

According to the invention, preference is given to an activated carbon according to the invention which has a large internal surface area (BET), in particular of at least 500 g / m ² , preferably at least 750 g / m ² , more preferably at least 1,000 g / m ² , very particularly preferably at least 1,200 g / m ² . Favorable enough, the specific surface area (BET surface area) of the activated carbon according to the invention is in the range of 500 to 2,500 g / m ² , in particular 750 to 2,250 g / m ² , preferably 900 to 2,000 g / m ² , particularly preferably 1,000 to 1,750 g / m ² .

in the Case of using granular, in particular spherical, Organic starting polymer becomes a high carbon activated carbon Bursting pressure received. This is at least 2 Newton, in particular at least 5 Newton per activated carbon particle, in particular activated carbon grain or activated carbon beads, and is advantageously in the range of 2 Newton to 20 Newton, preferably 5 Newton to 20 newtons.

The activated carbon according to the invention can be for a variety applications, for example for the production of adsorption materials, how to filter adsorption surfaces, Filter mats, odor filters, surface filters for protective clothing or Protective suits, especially for the civilian and / or military Area, filters for the air purification, gas mask filters and adsorptive carrier structures.

Especially can the activated carbon according to the invention for the production of protective materials of all kinds, in particular of protective suits or other protective clothing (eg gloves, headgear, footwear, socks, undergarments etc.) against biological and / or chemical poisons, such as warfare agents, or for Filters, in particular filters for removing pollutants, poisonous and / or odorous substances from air or gas streams, be used.

Finally are a further subject of the present invention adsorption materials, in particular filters of all kinds, such as adsorption (area) filters, Odor filter, surface filter for protective suits, in particular for the civilian or military Area, like protective suits or other protective clothing against biological and / or chemical poisons, filters for air purification, Gas mask filter, filter for the removal of pollutants, poison and / or Odors from air or gas streams, filter mats and adsorptive carrier structures, which an inventive or produced according to the invention Activated carbon included.

Further Embodiments, modifications and variations of the present invention are for the Person skilled in the reading of the description readily apparent and realizable without him while leaving the scope of the present invention.

The The present invention will become apparent from the following embodiment However, which illustrates the present invention in no way restrict should.

Embodiment:

Preparation of starting polymers:

• a) According to the invention for the carbonization and subsequent Activation employable polymeric starting material is accordingly the US patent 4,382,142 by polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, a pore former and silver behenate in aqueous dispersion carried out. A silver ion doped porous starting polymer based on of divinylbenzene cross-linked styrene in the form of spherical particles with diameters of 0.1 to 1.5 mm (total fraction) with a silver ion content of about 1%, based on the polymers, is obtained. As a comparative starting material For example, a mixture without silver behenate is polymerized in the same manner. The result is the corresponding polymers without the Einpolymerisation of silver ions.
• b) The divinylbenzene cross-linked styrene polymers prepared in this way are subsequently subjected to carbonation and subsequent activation. For this purpose, 1 kg of the previously prepared, silver-loaded polymer beads (invention) or 1 kg of previously prepared, not loaded with silver ion polymer beads (comparison) with a mixture of 1 kg of oleum (25%) and 1/2 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid (96 %) and subjected to a thermal treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere for purposes of carbonization in an acid-resistant rotary kiln from Plec (Cologne) heating according to the following thermal treatment: - heating to 200 ° C at 2 ° C / minute and 20 minutes residence time - heating to 300 ° C at 3 ° C / minute and 10 minutes residence time - heating to 400 ° C with 5 ° C / minute and 10 minutes residence time - heating to 800 ° C at 3 ° C / minute and 20 minutes residence time - heating to 900 ° C at 3 ° C / minute and 10 minutes residence time results in each case a carbonized material, wherein the weight loss, based on the dry matter, in each case about 10% (both according to the invention as comparative experiment).
• c) The carbonized in this way material is then fumigated in the same rotary kiln at 800 to 900 ° C with a mixture of 75% nitrogen and 25% water vapor for the purpose of activation and cooled after completion of the activation in the oven. While in the inventively used, loaded with silver ions, carbonized starting materials, the activation time is shortened to a total of only 1 1/2 hours, it is in the case of carbonized comparative starting material containing no silver ions, more than 3 1/2 hours. This shows a further advantage of the silver ion loading of the polymeric starting material with respect to the performance of the activated carbon production, in particular the activation. In the case of the starting materials according to the invention result in about 510 g of silver-ion-loaded activated carbon, which is about 1.0% (wt .-%) silver ions, calculated as silver and based on the activated carbon loaded (average diameter: about 0.6 mm , BET: approx. 1,450 g / m ² , bursting pressure:> 5 Newton / bead). In the case of the comparison material results in about 440 g of activated carbon, which is subsequently subjected to impregnation with silver nitrate solution and subsequent drying, so that in the case of the comparison activated carbon with about 2% (wt .-%) silver ions loaded activated carbon, calculated as silver and based on the activated carbon, results (average diameter: about 0.6 mm, BET: about 1300 g / m ² , bursting pressure:> 5 Newton / bead), ie the silver ion content is about twice as high as in the case of the inventively prepared activated carbon.

Anwendunsgbeispiel:

An adsorbent filter material is produced with the activated carbon produced according to the invention: for this purpose, a carrier layer having a basis weight of 25 g / m ² (0.3 mm thickness) and an air permeability at a flow resistance of 4,250 l · m ^-2 at 127 Pascal s ^{-2 is applied} to the activated carbon beads produced ^according to the invention with a coating amount of 180 g / m ² by means of adhesive bonding and the adsorption layer is provided on the side facing away from the carrier layer with a second carrier layer. The result is an adsorption filter material with a total basis weight of 355 g / m ² and a total thickness (cross section) of 0.9 mm and with an air permeability and a flow resistance at 127 Pascal of 680 l · m ^-2 · s ^-2 .

When Comparative material is an identically constructed adsorption filter material with the exception that the Adsorption layer through the subsequently impregnated comparison activated carbon is formed, whose silver ion content is twice as high as in Case of the invention produced Activated carbon.

In the case of the adsorption filter material produced on the one hand and the comparative adsorption filter material with the subsequently impregnated activated carbon on the other hand, the respective barrier effects against mustard gas and soman are determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 in the context of the so-called convection flow test. For this purpose, a mustard gas or Soman-containing air stream is allowed to act on the adsorption filter material with a constant flow resistance at a flow rate of about 0.45 cm / s and determines the area-related breakthrough quantity after 16 hours (80% relative humidity, 32 ° C., 10 · 1 μl HD / 12.56 cm ² or 12 · 1 μl GD / 12.56 cm ² ).

In the adsorption filter material with the activated carbon according to the invention is a breakthrough in terms of mustard gas of only 1.55 ug / cm ² or 1,98 ug / cm ² and with respect to Soman of only 1.85 ug / cm ² or 1 , 66 μg / cm ² , whereas in the comparison adsorption filter material with the subsequently impregnated activated carbon the determination values are significantly higher and in the case of mustard gas and in the case of soman above 5 μg / cm ² and thus are not acceptable.

In investigations of the adsorption filter material with the activated carbon according to the invention with respect to the protective effects against microorganisms excellent results are equally obtained: In experiments to verify the biostatic properties according to ASTM E2149-01 with Klebsiella pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus (each 1.5-3.0 · 10 ⁵ CFU / ml) is the percentage reduction with respect to these pathogens after 24 hours in the adsorption filter material with the activated carbon according to the invention in both cases above 99%, where in the case of the comparison material with the subsequently impregnated activated carbon, these values are only 70% and 75%, respectively. This shows that the biological protective function is improved due to the presence of the activated carbon according to the invention.

The The above tests demonstrate the improved performance the invention produced Activated carbon with the catalytically active component compared to a later impregnated comparison activated carbon.

comparable Results are obtained with activated carbons according to the invention obtained in which instead of a silver compound, a copper compound (Copper methacrylate) or a mixture of copper and silver compound (Silver behenate and copper methacrylate) is used.

Claims (18)

Activated carbon obtainable according to a process for the preparation of activated carbon with catalytic activity by carbonation and subsequent activation of carbonaceous organic polymers, wherein carbon-containing organic polymers, in the preparation thereof at least one metal, preferably in the form of a metal atom and / or Metallions, a carbonization and copolymerization be subjected to subsequent activation, so that one with the metal, in particular metal atom and / or metal ion, loaded Activated carbon results. Activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that that the used polymers granular, in particular spherical, are formed, preferably with average particle diameters in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 mm, in particular 0.05 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Activated carbon according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the Polymers selected are from the group of polystyrene polymers, especially polystyrene / acrylate copolymers and polystyrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, preferably divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrenes; Formaldehyde / phenolic resin copolymers, in particular formaldehyde crosslinked Phenol resins; Cellulose, in particular pearl cellulose; As well as their Mixtures. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that as Polystyrene polymers, especially polystyrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, preferably divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrenes are used, in particular with a divinylbenzene content of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 4 to 18 wt .-%, based on the polymers. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the or the metals, in particular the metal atom (s) and / or Metal ions, preferably the one or more metal ions, in the preparation the polymer is or are copolymerized, in particular wherein the one or more metals, in particular metal atoms and / or metal ions, be added to the polymerization mixture and / or in particular wherein the polymerization in the presence of the metal or metals, in particular Metal atoms and / or metal ions, preferably in the form of a the polymerization mixture soluble or at least dispersible metal compound, preferably one organic compound of the corresponding metals, in particular Metal salts of organic acids, is performed. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Polymer or the metals, in particular metal atoms and / or Metal ions, in amounts of 0.001 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.005 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 3 wt .-%, based on the polymer contains. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Polymer by dispersion or emulsion polymerization, in particular radical polymerization is produced. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Metal, in particular metal atom and / or metal ion is selected from the group of copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, Zinc, mercury, titanium, zirconium and / or aluminum and their Ions and / or salts, preferably copper and silver and their ions and / or salts. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Contains polymer chemical groups, in their chemical decomposition, especially under carbonization conditions, lead to free radicals and thus to crosslinks, in particular sulfonic acid and / or Isocyanate groups, preferably sulfonic acid groups. Activated carbon according to Claim 9, characterized in that the chemical groups, in particular sulfonic acid groups, are introduced only before and / or during the carbonation, in particular by adding a sulfonating reagent, preferably SO ₃ , preferably in the form of in particular concentrated sulfuric acid and / or oleum, especially preferably in the form of a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and oleum. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Carbonization and the activation in per se known Manner performed become. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Carbonization at temperatures of 200 to 900 ° C, preferably 250 to 850 ° C, in particular under a predominantly inert atmosphere, carried out becomes. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Activation at temperatures of 800 to 1,200 ° C, in particular 850 to 950 ° C, in particular under an inert or slightly oxidizing atmosphere, preferably in the presence of water vapor, carried out becomes. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Carbonization and / or activation in a rotary tube or in a Fludisierbett, in particular a fluidized bed, is / are performed. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the Activated carbon, in particular in granular form, preferably in the form of beads, is present. Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by an inner surface (BET surface) of at least 500 g / m ² , in particular at least 750 g / m ² , preferably at least 1,000 g / m ² , particularly preferably at least 1,200 g / m ² , in particular in the range of 500 to 2,500 g / m ² , in particular 750 to 2,250 g / m ² , preferably 900 to 2,000 g / m ² , particularly preferably 1,000 to 1,750 g / m ² . Activated carbon according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized by a bursting pressure of at least 2 Newton, in particular at least 5 Newton, in particular in the range of 2 Newton to 20 Newton, preferably 5 Newton to 20 Newton per activated carbon particle, in particular activated carbon grain or activated carbon beads. Adsorption materials, in particular filters of all Type, such as adsorption (area) filter, Odor filter, surface filter for protective suits, in particular for the civilian and / or military Area, like protective suits or other protective clothing against biological and / or chemical poisons, filters for air purification, Gas mask filter, filter for the removal of pollutants, poison and / or Odors from air or Gas streams, Filter mats and adsorptive Support structures, containing activated carbon according to one of claims 1 to 17.