DE202005002133U1 - Removable tooth implant, comprising conical bone screw with threaded central bore - Google Patents

Abstract

The implant is assembled of the screw (10) to be joined to the bone of the patient and the crown fixed to the screw (10) with the appropriate intermediate elements. The basic screw (10) is of a conical shape and provided with an uninterrupted helical thread (14) on its outer surface. A cylindrical head (16) is located opposite the pointed tip and fitted with an inner thread (20) leading into the threaded shaft (12) and to be used for the insertion of the screw-in shaft holding the crown fixing elements.

Description

The Invention relates to a temporary Dental implant, that is a dental implant suitable for complete removal is. The invention also relates to a root screw for such Dental implant and a crown adapter for the dental implant.

Dental implants may be suitable for permanent implantation or for temporary implantation. In the first case, it is usually desirable if the dental implant grows as firmly as possible, for example, with the pine bone. For temporary dental implants, it is desirable that they can be removed as possible without further injury. Examples of durable dental implants can be found in the US patents US 6,431,867 ; US 6,431,869 ; US 6,464,500 ; US 6,497,573 and US 6,503,803 ,

One Disadvantage of these dental implants is that they are not for temporary implantation are suitable.

the It can be seen from the cited prior art that dental implants in many cases a root screw having a distal end in the jawbone to implant. At a proximal end of the root screw can then attached by means of a screw shank a crown adapter become. The crown adapter carries the original, natural Crown replacing artificial Crown. The screw-in shaft for attaching the crown adapter the root screw resembles a machine screw with a threaded shaft at the distal end and a screw head at the proximal end.

A Root screw according to the invention for a temporary Dental implant has a tapering in the distal direction Einschraubabschnitt which at least over part of its length with a self-tapping external thread is provided. The rejuvenating Screw-in section is preferably conically shaped. The self-fulfilling external thread preferably has a continuous thread.

Of the essential advantage of such a screw is that they on the one hand, a secure anchoring in the jawbone allowed, the even permitting permanent implantation. On the other hand, a such root screw again without great risk of injury be removed.

The Proximal end of the root screw can basically be in any, from the State of the art known manner be designed.

however arise in connection with the design according to the invention the screw-in section special advantages when the root screw on the one hand with an open in the proximal direction, central bore having an internal thread, in which a screw of a To screw crown adapter is to this way a crown adapter to attach to the proximal end of the root screw, and the other one at least opposite the longitudinal axis the root screw inclined, oblique first stop surface on the Root screw which is aligned so that a second stop surface on a crown adapter when attaching the crown adapter to the root screw automatic parallel to the first stop surface align the root screw.

Consequently a crown adapter but above all a sleeve, the The implantation and explantation of the root screw is so with The root screw can be connected in the direction of rotation a positive connection results without the two parts from the outset must be aligned perfectly in the direction of rotation to each other. Of the Positive locking in the direction of rotation leads to both the Implant as well as the required to explant the root screw torques on the contact surfaces for example, a build-up sleeve to transfer to the root screw are. Such a construction sleeve is in the context of the invention presented here as a special case of Crown adapter considered. The crown adapter can also be a screw-in sleeve, the only for screwing in and unscrewing the root screw, ie the implantation and explantation serves.

One later The crown adapter to be attached to the root screw will take care of itself then, if he originally with a rotational angle error in the allowed range is introduced, the correct rotation angle position. This is related to the fact that the bevel contact surfaces the screw and the crown adapter while screwing in the Crown adapters as long as a torque around the longitudinal axis of the root screw or the longitudinal axis of the screw-in shaft, until the two contact surfaces at least in relation to a direction tangential to the longitudinal axes lie parallel to each other. The design of the proximal end the root screw leads thus to an automatic disparallelism compensation.

Due to the then mutually engaged contact surfaces of the root screw and a neck in the form of a crown adapter, in particular a body sleeve, both the torque required for screwing the root screw and the torque required for unscrewing can be transferred from the body sleeve to the root screw. The shape together conclusively engaging contact surfaces thus act as a torque coupling between the mounting sleeve and the screw.

Preferably are two first contact surfaces on End of the screw provided, the mutually parallel, proximate end edges, and on opposite sides Sides of the longitudinal axis the root screw are arranged. Between these two closing edges preferably extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the root screw running face, in the center of the central bore for receiving the screw empties.

One Crown adapter according to the invention for a temporary Dental implant which for use in connection with the previously described root screw is suitable, with respect to the Crown adapter rotatable about its longitudinal direction Threaded on, which in the manner of a machine screw on a distal portion of an external thread for screwing the threaded shaft into a central bore a root screw has. In addition, the crown adapter points a second contact surface which is inclined and arranged so that they are parallel to a corresponding first contact surface at a corresponding Align the root screw when the crown adapter is attached by means of the threaded shank the root screw by screwing in the screw shaft in the central hole of the root screw is fastened. The at the Crown adapter provided second contact surface is opposite to a longitudinal direction the Einschraubschaftes inclined so that the previously described functionality results. It should be noted that the screw is a in terms of the rest Crown adapter around its longitudinal axis is rotatable component. The screw can in a preferred embodiment also as a separate, in the rest Crown adapter to be introduced Part be designed.

Of the Screw-in shaft preferably has at its proximal end a cylindrical screw head, one opposite Having the distal portion of the screw larger diameter. A distal end surface the screw head then serves as in known machine screws to a pressing force on a corresponding counter surface, for example an annular contact surface the rest Exercise crown adapter, when the crown adapter is attached to the root screw. Of the Screw head of Einschraubkopfes is preferably designed such that he with a slotted screwdriver, a Phillips screwdriver, or a hex key is to drive. Accordingly, the screw-in shaft preferably a slot, a Phillips or a hexagon socket on.

in the Connection with the crown adapter, in which the screw and the rest Crown adapter realized by two separate parts it is advantageous if the crown adapter has a central stepped bore for receiving the screw-in, wherein the stepped bore a through hole with a smaller, distal diameter is that on the outside diameter the distal portion of the Einschraubkopfes is adjusted while a relatively larger, more proximal Diameter of the stepped bore to the outside diameter of the screw-in head is adjusted. Between the larger diameter section and the section with a smaller diameter of the stepped bore results in this Way an annular contact surface on the one distal contact surface the screw head acts in the manner described above.

Especially preferred is a temporary one Implant, which is a root screw of the type described above and a crown adapter of the type described above.

The Invention will now be based on an embodiment with reference closer to the figures explained become. From the embodiment arise further advantageous embodiments of the claimed Root screw and the claimed crown adapter. From the figures shows:

1 a root screw according to the invention;

2 a first variant of a crown adapter in the form of a mounting sleeve to which a crown is to be permanently attached;

3 a screw-in for the crown adapter 2 in the form of a fastening screw with an elongated screw head;

4 an alternative to the in 3 illustrated screw shaft to be used screw shaft with a relatively short screw head;

5 a crown adapter in the form of a ball attachment;

6 a ball socket as crown carrier for attachment to the ball attachment from 5 ;

7 a crown adapter in the form of a cone abutment;

8th a crown carrier with inner cone for attachment to the cone abutment 7 ;

9 a model pin, on the crown adapter from the 2 . 5 and 7 be fastened in the same way as on the root screw 1 ;

10 a screwdriver for manual screwing in the root screw 1 ; and

11 a driver for the mechanical screwing of the root screw out 1 ,

• a) eine perspektivische Darstellung des Werkstückes
• b) eine Seitenansicht des Werkstückes
• c) einen Längsschnitt durch das Werkstück am in b) bezeichneten Ort
• d) eine Stirnansicht des Werkstückes aus proximaler Richtung und
• e) eine Stirnansicht des Werkstückes aus distaler Richtung.

Before in the following on the in the 1 to 11 It should be noted that the figures each have partial figures which represent different views of the respective workpiece as follows:

• a) a perspective view of the workpiece
• b) a side view of the workpiece
• c) a longitudinal section through the workpiece at the location indicated in b)
• d) an end view of the workpiece from the proximal direction and
• e) an end view of the workpiece from the distal direction.

Not all partial views are with all of the Figures given.

The in the 1 to 8th pictured components of a temporary implant and the in 9 Imaged model pin are made in the embodiment described here from a titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy, namely Ti AI6 V4 F89 ASTM F136.

In the 1 pictured root screw 10 has a conically tapered in the distal direction screw-in 12 , The truncated screw-in section 12 has a continuous external thread, which by an uninterrupted, helical threaded ridge 14 is formed.

Due to the 1 to be taken geometry of the screw-in 12 can the root screw 10 be screwed into a corresponding bone hole and also be removed later, without causing any further damage to a patient.

At its proximal end carries the root screw 10 a root screw head 16 which is substantially cylindrical in shape and has a diameter which is slightly larger than the largest diameter of the threaded ridge 14 , Centered in the root screw head 16 There is a central hole 18 whose longitudinal direction coincides with the longitudinal direction of the root screw 10 flees. The central hole 18 protrudes into the screw-in section 12 the root screw 10 and is open in the proximal direction. The centra le bore 18 is about a part of its depth with an internal thread 20 Mistake.

In addition, the root screw head points 16 at its proximal end one perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the root screw 12 running face 22 and two first contact surfaces 24 on.

The two contact surfaces 24 extend on the one hand with respect to the longitudinal axis of the root screw 10 tangential direction and are beyond the longitudinal axis of the root screw 10 inclined so that the two contact surfaces 24 in the proximal direction at a shallow angle to run on each other.

The in the 2 . 5 and 7 illustrated crown adapter, namely the build-up sleeve 30 out 2 , the ball attachment 40 out 5 and there conus abutment 50 out 7 , each have corresponding second contact surfaces 32 respectively. 42 or 52 on. The contact surfaces 32 . 42 and 52 are so inclined that they are at the root screw 10 attached crown adapter 30 . 40 respectively. 50 parallel to the first contact surfaces 24 run.

To a respective crown adapter 30 . 40 or 50 with the root screw 10 to connect is a screw 60 or 70 provided as he is in 3 or in 4 is shown. The screw-in shaft 60 as well as the screw 70 each have a distal section 62 respectively. 72 , each one external thread 64 respectively. 74 having. The external thread 64 respectively. 74 is to the internal thread 20 in the central hole 18 the root screw 10 customized. The screw-in shaft 60 as well as the screw 70 has at its respective proximal end a cylindrical screw head 66 respectively. 76 , The screw head 66 the elongated screw 60 out 3 is opposite the screw head 76 of the threaded shaft 70 out 4 stretched comparatively very long. Both screw heads 66 respectively. 76 each have a slot 68 respectively. 78 for receiving a screwdriver.

To attach a respective crown adapter to the root screw 10 have the crown adapter or its components 30 . 40 or 50 one central stepped bore each 34 . 44 respectively. 54 on.

Each stepped bore has a distal section 36 of smaller diameter corresponding to the diameter of the corresponding distal section 62 or 72 of the threaded shaft 60 respectively. 70 is adjusted. In addition, each of the stepped holes possesses 34 . 44 or 54 a proximal section 38 . 48 respectively. 58 , the inner diameter of the outer diameter of the screw head 66 respectively. 76 of the threaded shaft 60 or 70 is adjusted.

On this way, the respective screw-in from the respective crown adapter be separated. A distal, in the cases shown here, chronic truncated trained face a respective screw head is placed on an inner cone-shaped surface, the due to the respective grading are based between the two sections result with different inner diameter.

In the 2 pictured, build-up sleeve 30 is used for screwing, ie implanting and unscrewing, so explant the root screw 10 , This is the construction sleeve 30 by means of the screw 60 at the root screw 10 attached. Due to the then mutually engaged contact surfaces 24 and 32 can both the torque required for screwing and the torque required for unscrewing of the mounting sleeve 30 on the root screw 10 be transmitted. The mutually positively engaging contact surfaces 24 and 32 thus act as a torque coupling between mounting sleeve 30 and root screw 10 , A tool for screwing in and out as it is for example in 10 or 11 is shown, acts in the manner of a socket wrench to the hexagonal outer of the body sleeve.

After screwing in the root screw 10 can the construction sleeve 30 by removing the threaded shaft 60 from the root screw 10 be removed and instead of the crown adapter from the 5 and 6 respectively. 7 and 8th be set.

The in the 5 and 6 respectively. 7 and 8th The illustrated crown adapters are each in two parts. 5 shows one as a ball attachment 40 acting crown adapter component on which a crown carrier 80 as he is in 6 is pictured, is aufklippen. For this purpose, the crown wearer 80 a ball 82 on, passing through appropriate slots 84 is designed so that it can cling to a ball portion of the ball attachment 40 can stretch elastically.

A denture base may be attached to a corrugated proximal end portion 86 the crown bearer 80 be attached. Similarly, the in 7 pictured crown adapter component 50 in the form of a cone abutment 50 with a corresponding crown carrier 90 together, as he in 8th is shown. An inner cone 92 the crown bearer 90 and a groove disposed in the inner cone 94 act with a corresponding cone with a corresponding annular projection of the cone abutment 50 together. A dental crown may be around a proximal end surface 96 the crown bearer 90 to be built around.

9 shows a model pin 100 whose proximal end 102 is formed in the same way as the proximal end of the root screw 10 , In particular, the modelpin also has a central bore 104 on and inclined contact surfaces 106 , the central hole 18 the root screw 10 as well as the contact surfaces 24 correspond. With his distal end 108 can the model pin 100 be mounted in a holder, in turn, to serve as a holder for a crown adapter on which a respective tooth crown is constructed.

The 10 and 11 show a manual screwing 110 ( 10 ) and a machine screwing tool 120 ( 11 ).

In the following, we will now briefly discuss the use of the previously described parts. As already described, the root screw should 10 Serve together with attached crown adapter as a temporary dental implant. For the following description of the procedure it is assumed that the root screw 10 in the region of its cylindrical portion 16 has a diameter of 3 mm. The cone-shaped screw-in section 12 has a diameter of 1.6 mm at its distal end.

Such a short screw can usually be used as an interim implant without flap preparation, so that the corresponding bore transmucosal occurs. The hole is drilled using a 2 mm diameter twist drill and is 100 mm deep. The total length of in 1 illustrated root screw is 12 mm. When determining the depth of the transmucosal bore, the mucosal thickness must be considered. After drilling, the root screw is used 10 with the help of a ratchet and the in 11 shown attachment screwed into the hole. The torque is limited to 30 Ncm to the root screw 10 sufficiently anchored in the bone bed. This will be a flush completion of the head of the root screw 10 aimed at with the surrounding gingiva. The root screw should not end more than 1 mm above the gingival vein.

For screwing in the root screw 10 This is initially with the body sleeve 30 connected. The screw-in shaft is used for this purpose 60 out 3 , The hexagon-shaped exterior of the proximal end of the screw-in shaft 30 can then in the manner of a hex nut with one of the in 10 or 11 connected tools are connected.

After screwing in the root screw 10 with attached mounting sleeve 30 can the construction sleeve 30 be used as an impression post. Optionally, the construction sleeve 30 also be shortened and then serve as described above as a one-piece crown adapter.

detailing 39 in the otherwise hexagonally shaped outer region of the mounting sleeve 30 should facilitate such a targeted shortening of the construction sleeve.

Usually, however, after screwing in the root screw 10 the body sleeve removed, in the first of the screw 60 Will get removed. Then, for example, the ball-head attachment 40 out 5 or the cone abutment 50 out 7 with the help of the short screw-in shaft 70 out 4 at the root screw 10 be attached. In this way results in a removable supply. This is possible after inserting the ball-head attachment 40 or the cone abutment 50 to produce an improved hold by a soft relining of the overdenture or by a direct polymerisation of the matrix of the ball head.

To re-explant the temporary dental implant, the crown support is first removed from the remainder of the crown adapter. Subsequently, the screw can be removed, which connects the rest of the crown adapter with the root screw. Then, a construction sleeve, as in 2 shown, with the help of a corresponding screw on the root screw 10 attached. Due to the fact that the contact surfaces 24 respectively. 32 can be arranged opposite each other, via the body sleeve 30 also when unscrewing a sufficiently large moment on the root screw 10 be exercised to remove them from the bone bed.

Claims (9)

Root screw ( 10 ) for a temporary dental implant, characterized in that the root screw - a screwing in the distal direction Einschraubabschnitt ( 12 ), which at least over a part of its length with a self-tapping external thread ( 14 ), - a central bore open in the proximal direction ( 18 ) with an internal thread ( 20 ) into which a screw-in shaft of a crown adapter is to be screwed in order in this way to fix a crown adapter to the proximal end of the root screw, and - at least one oblique first contact surface inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the root screw ( 24 ), which is aligned such that aligns a second contact surface of a crown adapter when attaching the crown adapter to the root screw parallel to the first bearing surface of the screw, so that at least a slight rotational angle error position is compensated for the longitudinal axis of the screw. Root screw according to claim 1, characterized the self-tapping external thread one having continuous thread. Root screw according to claim 1, characterized in that at the proximal end of the root screw two first contact surfaces ( 24 ) are arranged with mutually parallel end edges on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the root screw. The root screw according to claim 4, characterized in that the proximal end of the root screw extends from an end face extending between the two end edges and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the root screw (FIG. 22 ) is formed, in whose center the central bore ( 18 ) opens. Crown adapter for a temporary dental implant, characterized by - a with respect to the crown adapter ( 30 . 40 . 50 ) about its longitudinal direction rotatable screw ( 60 . 70 ), which at a distal portion ( 62 ) an external thread ( 84 ) for screwing the threaded shaft into a central bore of a root screw, and - a second contact surface ( 32 ; 42 ; 52 ), which is inclined and arranged so that it aligns parallel to a corresponding first abutment surface on a corresponding root screw when the crown adapter is secured by means of the threaded shank to the root screw by screwing the screw shaft into the central bore of the root screw. Crown adapter according to claim 5, characterized in that the screw-in shank ( 60 ; 70 ) at its proximal end a cylindrical screw head ( 66 ; 76 ), which has a larger diameter relative to the distal portion of the screw-in shaft. Crown adapter according to claim 6, characterized that the screw head has a slot to drive through a screwdriver having. Crown adapter according to claim 6, characterized by a central stepped bore ( 34 ; 44 ; 54 ) for receiving the threaded shaft, wherein the stepped bore is a through hole having a smaller, distal diameter, which corresponds to the outer diameter of the distal portion of the Ein schraubschaftes adapted, and a relatively larger proximal diameter, which is adapted to the outer diameter of the Einschraubkopfes. temporary Dental implant with a root screw according to one of claims 1 to 4 and a crown adapter according to a the claims 5 to 8.