DE2007358A1 - Twist-actuated delay device and its application in a fuse device for bullet tinder - Google Patents

Description

Twist-actuated deceleration device and its application in one Safety device for projectile detonators To ensure that the detonator of a The bullet only gets scratched when the bullet leaves the barrel and, if possible, also has flown over its own positions, projectile detonators are often used with a mechanical one Understand delay device, which only after a predetermined period of time has expired the detonator can be armed. So far one has mostly used it for these purposes Delay devices constructed in the manner of a clockwork are used. Disadvantageous here it is that a special energy storage device is required to operate the clockwork which has to be tensioned when assembling the projectile. Rs thus exists possibly the risk of damage or improper handling during the assembly of the energy storage either already partially relaxed and therefore the delay time achieved during use is less than the set one or if the energy store, which is usually designed as a spring, breaks, the clockwork does not start at all.

The object of the invention is to provide a system that is as simple and space-saving as possible built-up delay device without any to drive the delay mechanism to create necessary springs and thereby to exclude that by any improper treatment of the safety device containing the delay device of the detonator brought into focus prematurely by the force of fully tensioned springs will. As the delay device primarily for small-caliber self-destructing fuze is intended, it should not only take up the smallest possible space, but also be as small as possible Have weight and be cheap to manufacture in large numbers.

The task at hand is solved with mechanical drills Delay device for projectiles, in particular small-caliber self-destructing fuze, according to the he-.

found by having a rotor with an imbalance mass around a frame fixed lying parallel but not coaxially to the axis of the storey Axis rotatably mounted and break the projectile twist in relation to the projectile jacket Rotation is displaceable that a two-armed anchor around a perpendicular to the projectile axis standing wave is tiltable that the outer ends of the armature in the direction The sawtooth-shaped teeth of the bullet axis see the axis of the Rotors surrounding ring gear that either the tilt bearing for dell armature or the ring gear mechanically connected to the rotor and the other these two parts are each fixed to the bullet and that when rotating the Ring gear opposite the armature whose ends alternate in the toothing engage and be lifted out of this, whereby the rotor is opposite the bullet mantol gradually delayed in one by a start or rotates a stop-defined end position.

The delay device according to the invention comes with a minimum on moving parts. It does not need any drive springs or any transmission gears and also has the advantage that the step-by-step rotary movement the rotor determining the time delay at the same time in its end position after expiry the delay time without additional transmission means that the security device is armed and thus the detonator can cause.

Appropriately, the delay device is essentially one ## adapted to the inside diameter of the bullet jacket Surround the housing, the one with a cylindrical but eccentrically arranged LEngsbohrunt for the circumferential Rotor is provided and the rotor axis is attached or

is stored.

For the practical design of the sWerzdgerungseinrichtung result two different with regard to the assignment of floor fixed and rotating parts Solutions. In one case, the armature bearing is stationary and the rotor rotates including gear rim. In the other embodiment, the ring gear is bulletproof, for example formed in one piece with the housing, and the rotor rotates together with the armature bearing.

In the former case, i.e. with a bullet-proof anchor bearing, point the gently rising flanks of the sawtooth-shaped toothing of the ring gear which the ends of the armature slide upwards when the rotor is turned, in the direction of the projectile twist, so that the anchor is not taken along by the projectile twist and can be set in motion by this, but solely by the centrifugal force of the with the unbalanced mass provided rotor in the opposite direction to the swirl movement.

For the same reason, with the second embodiment stationary gear rim the flatter rising flanks of the sawtooth-shaped teeth in the opposite direction to the projectile twist. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

The invention is also concerned with the application of the foregoing described delay device in a safety device for projectile detonators and in this context it solves the problem of being as space-saving as possible in terms of manufacture cheap> reliable and guaranteeing the required level of security Find construction.

When a projectile is fired, this is in their order and Direction exposed to typical accelerations and movements, and it's task of the safety device, only when these accelerations and forces occur arming of the detonator in a given order, direction and size allow. First, the projectile experiences a longitudinal acceleration in the direction of the Pipe axis. Then the projectile experiences a rotational acceleration in the pulls of the barrel, which stops when leaving the pipe. At this point the Geschon has its maximum rotation speed reached, so that on the parts of the projectile too the maximum centrifugal force acts.

Longitudinal acceleration, rotational acceleration and maximum centrifugal force pedal so in a given order. According to the invention in conjunction with of the delay device already explained, all three of the parameters mentioned to ensure optimal pipe security, while the mechanical Delay device ensures the required front pipe and mask safety.

For this purpose, the rotor is in a further development of the invention Initial position by a minimum acceleration when a minimum occurs the projectile triggering lock secured, preferably from one in a hole of the rotor or a part preventing the rotor from rotating, per se known spring-loaded recoil bolt. In addition, it is recommended the rotor in the initial position by a minimum centrifugal force when a minimum centrifugal force occurs to hold the rotor releasing, eccentrically mounted centrifugal pawl. One results in a particularly favorable and optimal solution in terms of the securing effect when the centrifugal pawl is in the initial position by one under the influence a tangential acceleration displaceable slide is held, which one has axially extending bore into which in the initial position of the The recoil bolt engages. This construction allowed the rotor only starts up if the longitudinal acceleration, the rotational acceleration and the centrifugal force occur one after the other in this predetermined order.

The longitudinal acceleration shifts the push-back bolt and releases it the slide free. This is due to the tangential acceleration when passing through of the trains of the pipe and gives the centrifugal pawl in its end position free, so that it releases the rotor when the intended minimum centrifugal force is reached. If these accelerations and forces occur or will occur in a different order If the functional sequence is interrupted, the rotor is not released. The direction of movement of the slide from its starting to the end position is appropriate to the possible direction of rotation of the rotor in the opposite direction. This avoids that the rotor as a result of friction is carried along by the projectile twist at the bottom of the case, as long as it is due to the longitudinal acceleration the rotor is pressed with great force against the housing base. To ensure, that even if the movement process is interrupted, the safety device returns to the locking position, it is recommended that the slide attacked by a spring pushing or pulling it into the initial position. At first- and the end position of the slide and the centrifugal pawl are expedient by means of stops limited. Further refinements emerge from the subclaims and the following Description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Here in FIG. 1 shows the top view of the delay and safety device according to the invention seen from the tip of the bullet without a cover plate, Figure 2 shows a section along the Line II-II in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a section along line III-III in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 shows a partial section along the section line IV-IV.

The device is concentric to the projectile axis 1, cylindrical approximately cup-shaped SehEuse 2 carried.

This is arranged with a cylindrical but eccentric to the axis 1 Understand the longitudinal bore 3 for the rotating rotor 4, which is in the housing base 5 fixed or mounted rotor axis 6 is rotatable. The rotor II is asymmetrical formed to its axis of rotation 6 and provided in this way with an unbalanced mass. A ring gear 7 is inserted into the bore 3, resting on the housing base 5, whose teeth are serrated, i.e. with a slowly rising front flank 8 and are provided with a steeply sloping rear flank 9. In one to the axis 6 parallel incision 11 of the rotor is on a radially penetrating this on the rotor axis 6 directed shaft 12 of the two-armed armature 13 is mounted. His depository is eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation 6 of the rotor. The ends 14 of the anchor are cranked and lie in a radial plane enclosing the rotor axis 6.

At its outer end 15, the rotor 4 is beveled in the shape of a roof.

The figures show the device in the initial position. In this engages a centrifugal pawl 17 mounted eccentrically about the axis 16 so that it can rotate a locking recess 18 provided at the free end over the roof-shaped bevel 15 of the rotor and thus holds it in the starting position. A swing out the centrifugal pawl 17 to the outside and thus a release of the armature is through prevents a curved slide 19, which in a tangential in the housing 2 incorporated web 21 is performed. Its start and end position is through Cooperation of an approach 22 with stops 23 and 24 fixed to the housing is limited. In the slide 19 there is a bore 25 extending parallel to the projectile axis 1 provided in which in the initial position shown a under the force of a Coil spring 26 standing recoil bolt 27 protrudes. In this way is the Slide 19 secured against displacement in the circumferential direction.

The rotor 4 carries at its end facing away from the sloping roof 15 in an axially parallel bore an ignition means 28, which in the starting position shown (Ensure) neither with its end facing the viewer in FIG. 1 the contact spring 37, which is isolated from the rotor 4, is fixed to the housing, in the insulating cover 32 used mating contact 31 of an ignition circuit is applied, nor with its opposite End with one ignition channel to a transfer charge, not shown forming hole 29 in the housing bottom 5 is aligned. The other electrical connection for the squib 28 takes place by means of an insulated into the housing base 5 Terminal pin 33, against which in the end position of the metallic, the electrical Connection between connecting pin 33 and the squib casing designed as a connecting contact producing rotor 4 sets. Only when the rotor is under the influence after unlocking its unbalance is pivoted about its axis 6 by about 150 °, there are ignition channels 29 and squib 28 on the one hand and the latter and the connection contact 31 of the electrical Ignition circuit opposite, and the contact spring 37 provides the electrical connection to the connection contact 31. The ignition circuit is part of an impact fuse and / or be a run-time detonator. As Figure 3 shows, the contact 31 is on the on the housing 2 placed cover plate 32 attached. The one fastened in the housing base 5 second connection contact 33 serves at the same time as protruding into the cylindrical bore 3 Stop against which the rotor 4 rests in the end position (focus).

The slide 19 is by means of a spring 34 in the direction of its in Figure 1 reproduced initial position biased. This spring 34 is like FIG. 4 shows, fixed in the bottom of the case and protrudes through an elongated slot 35, which is shown in dashed lines in Figure 1, into a corresponding mounting hole 36 in slide 19.

The safety and delay device works as follows: At the When the projectile is fired, the housing 2 first experiences a longitudinal acceleration in Direction of the projectile axis 1, for example in the order of 30,000 g. Through this the recoil pin 27 becomes due to its inertia against the force of the spring 26 pressed into the bore 30 so that it is no longer in the hole 25 of the slide 19 intervenes. As the projectile moves through the Zilge of the pipe with increasing Longitudinal speed also with increasing angular speed about its longitudinal axis 1 rotates, a rotational acceleration acts on the housing 2 in the direction of the arrow 41 a. This has the consequence that the slide 19 due to its inertia in the slot 21 from the initial position shown in the direction of arrow 42 to his through the stop 24 defined end position is moved. He gives with his, Seen in the direction of rotation, the front end is the centrifugal pawl that was previously locked by this 17 free. When the slide 19 is moved, the spring 34 is tensioned. The centrifugal pawl 17 would now be able to pivot outwards. However, she is just like the rotor Li is eccentrically mounted. This has the consequence that as long as the swirl acceleration resulting force is greater than the centrifugal force, the rear end in the direction of rotation the centrifugal pawl 17 pressed inward by the force of the swirl acceleration is and thus with its cutout 18 even more firmly on the roof edge 15 of the rotor is present. Only when the twisting acceleration stops at the end of the pulls of the pipe and so that the force resulting from this is smaller than that on the centrifugal pawl 17 acting centrifugal force, the pawl 17 pivots outward and releases the rotor free. Even if the swirl acceleration is possibly still in the mouth end of the pipe resulting inward force should be smaller than the centrifugal force and the centrifugal pawl 17 therefore pivots outward if the rotor 4 would not start because he also eats eccentrically supported, with his bearing point 6 a circular path describes according to the arrow 43 about the floor axis 1. As a consequence, that similar to that of the centrifugal pawl 17 resulting from the swirl acceleration Force component of the rotor, based on the illustration in Figure 1, clockwise, d. H. against the rotational movement of the projectile, seeks to pivot. This force is therefore opposite to the possible direction of rotation of the rotor about the axis 6. The sawtooth-shaped design of the ring gear 7, possibly in connection with a stop fixed to the housing, prevents the rotor from turning clockwise, because the ends 14 of the armature 13 press against the steep rear flanks 9 of the teeth. It only turns when the twisting acceleration stops at the end of the pulls in the pipe Centrifugal force now acting solely on the unbalanced mass of the rotor 4 drives the rotor 4 counterclockwise about its axis 6, the latter continuing in the direction of the Arrow 43 rotates about the projectile axis 1. One end 14 of the runs in each case Armature 13 on the gently rising front flank 8 of a tooth of the ring gear 7 high, while the opposite end is behind as a result of the tilting movement of the armature the back flank of the previous tooth is swiveled into the ring gear. Through this On the one hand, the rotor rotation is braked and, on the other hand, it is turned back of the rotor prevented. The rotor looks for a position due to the centrifugal force to rotate, in which the projectile axis 1, the rotor axis 6 and the center of mass of the rotor lie in a radial plane.-This position is not the rotor after a pivoting movement of about 1500 around its axis 6. The end position is through the stop 33 is fixed.

The squib 28 is aligned with the ignition channel 29 in the end position on the floor of the cast iron 5. On the other hand, the contacts of the squib are on the contacts 31 and 33 of the electrical ignition circuit. As soon as the ignition circuit gives a signal delivers, for example, when the projectile hits or according to a predetermined one The projectile flight time determined by the electrical ignition circuit is the primer ignited and by means of a transfer charge or the like. Also the main charge of the Blasted projectiles.

Due to the twist acceleration both on the force latch 17 and forces acting on the rotor 4 are ensured in two ways, that the delay time of the safety device only when leaving the pipe begins to run, namely when the swirl acceleration disappears as a result of the The rotor is set in rotation due to the centrifugal force. Depending on the dimensioning of the rotor, in particular its mass, you can, for example, delay times on the order of 0.05 to 0.3 sec. achieve. During the recoil bolt 27, the slide 19 and the centrifugal pawl 17 the safety of the projectile in the Ensure the tube, the delay time forced by the running of the rotor 4 ensures between leaving the pipe and arming the safety device for the so-called front pipe and mask safety, i.e. prevents explosions of the Projectile immediately in front of the gun muzzle and in one the gun crew dangerous close range.

Even if the projectile for some reason after initial Acceleration gets stuck in the pipe, the safety device cannot be armed. As soon as the swirl acceleration stops the slide 19 in the direction of the arrow To push 42, the spring 34 leads the slide 19 back to the initial position, and the recoil bolt 27 is pushed back into the catch still 25 of the slide by the spring 26 pressed. Since the centrifugal pawl 17 in the tube has not yet pivoted outwards, it is locked again in the initial position by the slide 19 and thus a Rotation of the rotor 4 prevented. Due to the fact that the readable through longitudinal acceleration Fuse 25,27, the fuse 19,17, which can be triggered by twisting acceleration, and the Do not attack the rotor separately, but rather are effectively connected in series depending on each other and only when they occur the specified accelerations and forces unlocked in the specified order will can, the safety and delay device according to the invention reaches a highest level of security and reliability.

In the embodiment described so far with reference to the drawings the ring gear 7 is fixed in the housing 2 in a bullet-proof manner, while the armature 13 rotates together with the rotor 4. In each case, the gently rising front flanks point 8 of the sawtooth-shaped teeth, on which the ends of the armature when turning of the rotor slide upwards, in the opposite direction to the projectile twist 41.

In another embodiment, the armature shaft 12 is bullet-proof stored while the ring gear 7 rotates together with the rotor 4. Preferably the ring gear and rotor are integrally formed. The anchor bearing can for example be attached to the bullet-fixed axis of rotation for the rotor. By guiding the ends 41 of the armature 13 in parallel to the rotor axis 6, machined into the wall of the bore 3 With slots, the anchor can be secured against rotation about the projectile and rotor axis. In this embodiment, the gently rising front flanks 8 of the toothing were in the direction of the projectile twist 41.

During the launch phase, i.e. while the propellant is in effect The longitudinal acceleration exerted on the projectile also causes the rotor to turn made difficult by the fact that the rotor, possibly in the second execution of the The ring gear together with the rotor, pressed against the housing base 5 and thereby the friction between the rotor and the housing is greatly increased.

Claims (20)

Claims 19 Twist-actuated mechanical delay device for projectile detonators, In particular, small-caliber self-destructing fuze, which is not possible i c h n e t that a rotor (4) provided with an unbalanced mass is parallel to one another but not coaxially to the floor axis (1) lying frame-fixed axis (6) rotatable stored and rotated by the projectile twist (41) with respect to the projectile casing (2) is relocatable. that a two-armed anchor (13) about an axis perpendicular to the projectile standing wave (12) is tiltably mounted that the outer ends (14) of the armature seen in the direction of the bullet axis the sawtooth-shaped teeth (8,9) face a toothed ring (7) surrounding the rotor axis of the rotor, that either the tilting bearing for the armature or the ring gear mechanically with the rotor connected and the other of these two parts is each fixed to the bullet and that when the ring gear rotates with respect to the armature, its ends in each case alternately engage in the toothing and are lifted out of this, whereby the rotor gradually decelerates in relation to the projectile jacket a stop (33) or a detent rotates a defined end position. 2. Delay device according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that a substantially cylindrical housing (2) has a cylindrical, but has an extentrically arranged longitudinal bore (3) for the rotating rotor (4) and in the housing base (5) the rotor axis (6) attached or stored is. 3. Delay device according to claim 1 or 2 with bullet-proof arranged ring gear, d u r c h g e'k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the anchor (13) in an axially parallel incision (11) of the rotor (4) on one of these radially penetrating on the rotor axis (6) directed shaft (12) is mounted. 4. Delay device according to claim 2 or 3 with bullet-proof arranged ring gear, d u r c h e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the ring gear (7) is formed in one piece with the housing (2). 5. Delay device according to claim 3 or 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n n z e i c h n e t that the armature (13) through the diametrical connecting web formed a ring immersed in the cylindrical bore (3) of the housing (2) is. 6. Delay device according to one of claims 1 to 5 with bullet-proof arranged ring gear, d u r c h e -k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the flatter rising flanks (8) of the sawtooth-shaped toothing (7) on which the ends (14) of the armature (13) slide upwards in the opposite direction when the rotor (4) is turned point to the projectile twist (41). 7. Delay device according to claim 1 or 2 with bullet-proof Anchor bearing, d a d u r c h e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the anchor bearing at the bullet-fixed axis of rotation for the rotor is attached. 8. Delay device according to claim 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the ring gear is formed in one piece with the rotor. 9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 7 or 8 with bullet-proof anchor bearing, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the gently rising flanks (8) the sawtooth-shaped toothing of the ring gear (7) on which the ends (14) of the armature (13) when rotating the rotor (4) slide upwards in the direction of the projectile twist (41) show. 10. Delay device according to one of claims 1 to 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the armature (13) is based on the axis of rotation (6) of the rotor (4) mounted eccentrically and with its ends (14) in a rotor axis enclosing level is cranked. 11. Delay device according to one of claims 1 to 10, d a it is indicated that the rotor (4) is in the initial position by a trigger when a minimum longitudinal acceleration of the projectile occurs Lock (27) is secured. 12. Delay device according to claim 11, d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the longitudinal acceleration-dependent lock consists of an in a bore (25) of the rotor (4) or a part preventing the rotor from rotating (19) engaging spring-loaded recoil bolt (273. 13. Delay device according to claim 11 or 12, d a -by gek E n n z e c h ne t that the rotor (4) in the initial position by one when it occurs eccentrically mounted centrifugal pawl that releases the rotor with a minimum centrifugal force (17) is held. 14. Delay device according to claim 13, d a d u r c h e e k It is noted that the centrifugal pawl (17) is through in the initial position a slide (19) displaceable under the influence of a tangential acceleration held which is a bore running in the axial direction (25), in which in the initial position of the slide the recoil bolt (27) intervenes. 15. Delay device according to claim 14, d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the displacement direction (42) of the slide tal9) of the possible Direction of rotation (41) of the rotor (4) is opposite. 16. Delay device according to claim 14 or 15, d a -d u r c h e k e n n n n e i c h n e t that on the slide (19) it is in the starting position pressing or pulling spring (34) engages. 17. Delay device according to one of claims 14 to 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the start and end position of the slide (19) and the centrifugal pawl (17) are limited by stops (22-24; 15.2). 18. Delay device according to claims 2 md 17, d a -dur c h g It is not shown that the stops (23, 24) are through parts of the housing (2) are formed. 19. Delay device according to one of claims 14 to 18, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e that the slide (19) is curved and in one is guided in the circumferential direction extending track (21). 20. Delay device according to one of claims 1 to 19, d a it is indicated that the rotor (4) moves in the longitudinal direction the projectile extending bore for receiving a squib (28) or formation having an ignition channel. Blank page