DE2005549A1 - Process for the production of black powder meal - Google Patents

Description

20Q5549

Patent attorneys

Dip !, ing. F. Weickmann,

DlpUng.lt föbi., 'Na ,. Gi ^ Phys. Dr K. Fincke

Dipl. Ing. F. A, Weiökmesn, Üipl. Cheni. B. Huber

t iiümshsn 27, »Istr. 22nd

Sch / Gl ■:. '' 23551 Sak 46

ITorsk SpraengstofIndustri A / S, Oslo / Norv / egen

Process for the production of Soliwarzpulveriaelil

When producing vari-SQliv < ^r arsp, ulYer "bastelat the" beadiest part of the process. In the evaluation of the three ingredients Kaiiurmitrat, Sulfur and Aktivkolile as well as in the YerirasOhen and ¥ erinalilen these Eo.hmaterial.ien, this last part of the Yerverfahren v / was started as an amalgamation.

The product obtained after the 'blending' is called §Qwarz; ineh, oilpowder ,. The two years of the PulA ^T erisation and amalgamation are, however, only time-consuming ,, ^ r-jTordern stiiQh iiauia and are expensive, as a result of the E l * e / fah; r- vmrde die .iulverisier-u.ng; the lohi] mt <irialien.

Q09833 / U23 ^ «*» «■

performed, "for example, potassium nitrate and sulfur and activated carbon separately pulverized, furthermore one can. Potassium nitrate separated with some activated charcoal as well as sulfur and pulverize the rest of the activated charcoal separately.

The pulverization was for example in ball mills, needle mills or hammer mills. Grinding using ball mills takes 6-12 hours and takes in some cases even longer. Due to the risk of explosion, the mixing was carried out in small batches, namely in batches of up to approximately 100 kg, using slow-running special devices, of which ball mills, Lattice punch mills or roller mills may be mentioned. In general, mixing took 7 hours or more per batch. Explosion accidents during the mingling were not uncommon.

The term "incorporation" is explained in more detail below. So far it has not been quite clear what processes this term encompasses. However, it was possible to show through experiments that this is to be understood as meaning a further subdivision of the raw materials, in particular activated carbon, and of course also a mixing of the raw materials. The reactivity of the activated carbon is of fundamental importance for the "effect of black powder. If the reactivity is high, the result is a strong and evenly acting black powder. The reactivity of activated carbon depends on its content of free radicals. This content increases with an increasing subdivision . This could be inclined in 'active carbon and in a finished black powder by Kessungen of electron spin resonance.

The further processing of the black powder meal usually consists the end. the following levels:

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Compaction

Crushing

Seven

polishing

The polishing of black powder is usually divided into two stages, namely:

1. Smoothing and

2. Finishing.

So far, polishing has been done in the following way: A certain amount of black powder from the crusher is filled into a rotating drum. The amount varies depending on the production capacity, but it is usually between 250 and 1500 kg per drum. This quantity is rotated for 3 to 7 hours at 12 to 20 rpm. During this Measure, the friction between the individual grains has the consequence that the edges of the black powder are abraded so that the grains become rounder and smoother. This is called smoothing. The duration of the smoothing depends on the desired degree of abrasion of the finished black powder. To the Smoothing is generally followed by finish polishing. This takes 1 - 2 hours and is done in the same drum carried out afterwards and in the same way as smoothing. The only difference is that 0.1 - 1.0 μb of finely powdered graphite are added.

During this part of the polishing, the graphite will settle as a thin film on the outside of the black powder grains and makes them shiny, smooth and a little more electrically conductive as well as a little less sensitive to moisture. V / ährena

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During polishing, the temperature in the black powder mass rises as a result of the heating to which the grains are subjected. Temperatures up to 70 ^° C. were measured. The disadvantage of polishing is that it takes a very long time and therefore a relatively large amount of black powder must be present in each polishing drum. For example, a system for 300 kg per hour requires that a quantity of up to 2700 kg of black powder come together in the polishing building. However, for safety reasons, such an amount is extremely undesirable. On the other hand, an increase in the abrasion speed of the grains necessarily leads to increased heating of the black powder. The ignition temperature of black powder is about 300 ⁰ G. It is obvious. that you have to work below this limit in order to comply with the safety regulations. Therefore, facilities for cooling down during polishing are required.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate those mentioned above Disadvantage. According to the present invention, pulverization and blending becomes rapid by a single treatment in one running and continuously operating device replaced.

By the invention, the polishing of black powder is carried out in a one type konti2 ⁿ .uierlich operating device, which is similar to the type used v / hich for pulverization.

If activated carbon is also used as the carbon, other types of activated carbon can nevertheless also be used v / earth.

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The first part of the procedure is described first.

Part of the effect of the merging consists in an embedding from . Sulfur and / or potassium nitrate in the pores of the Activated charcoal * To achieve this effect, all three Raw materials are processed in the mill used.

The invention relates to a new method of manufacture of black powder from the raw materials potassium nitrate, Sulfur and activated carbon and is characterized by the fact that the raw materials are mixed in the appropriate quantities, then further mixed and at the same time, marry and pulverized with continuous introduction in a jet mill of known design of the type consisting of an annular chamber with tangential inlets for the supply of pressurized air, which 'in turbulent Beams with supersonic speed is converted, whereby the (particles collide and subdivide whereupon the finished black powder meal in a cyclone or in a similar facility for a possible further processing is collected,

Of course, one also tries to complete the subsequent stages in perform the same way, “to the economy and to achieve security in the implementation of the first (dells of the process, i.e. when mixing, pulverizing and blending, is possible, both continuously and remotely. This does not offer any. particular difficulties in terms of compaction, comminution and sieving, but, as mentioned above, the times of polishing are different.

Is was tried to carry out-dee polishing as well

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to use the jet mill that is already used to make the black powder dish. At first one would have assumed! It is possible that the mill is working too vigorously and that it pulverizes the grains into a dust instead of grinding their edges. At first this phenomenon also occurred. However, it was then found that satisfactory polishing of the black powder can take place under specific conditions, which will be discussed in more detail below.

The scope of the invention also includes a method for further processing of the black powder powder by compacting, comminuting, sieving and polishing. Dieces method is characterized in that from _K polishing in the same jet mill is performed as the milling, but for da3 polishing, the jet mill is / arzpulver loaded with at least 10] to 20. ■ times as much SChv as during the pulverization, the pressure de? Air introduced into the mill is reduced to a very low Y / er'te. For further polishing of the black powder grains, a fine jet of powdered graphite is blown into the mill at a point that is behind the tangential air inlet.

The method according to the invention for the production of black powder meal is described in more detail below.

The raw materials are potassium nitrate, activated carbon and sulfur mixed in the appropriate proportions in a known manner, and either by purely mechanical means Mixing, by mixing in a drum, by air mixing, or by any other known method. The rope size of potassium nitrate and sulfur is preferably

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wise 1 öm, while the ■ Teilohengros.se the activated carbon between 1 u and 1 now fluctuates. This means that, the activated carbon optionally can be pulverized in advance.

Is the small size of potassium nitrate and sulfur • relatively large, i.e. about 1 mm, then the mixture is harmless, non-explosive and only combustible to the same extent as other combustible substances. .

The blended mixture is continuously poured into a jet of air introduced in a known device, the jet mill or steam or Lurtstrahlpulverisierungsvorrichtung is known. In this device, the mixture is ground further, in such a way that it is through a separate air flow is led into a zone in which, the air has a supersonic speed. In. A number of severe collisions between the two occur in this zone Particles as a result of the high air speed. These collisions are so powerful that the particles become pieces to be broken. In this way they become particles with large ones that can be below 1 u.

The -high air velocity is generated in a known V. else ^r, and is given namely by passing pressurized air through specially shaped nozzle, whereupon the air opportunity to expand itself.

Such jet mills are used in various ways for pulverization “Substances are known, but they have never been used to make black powder.

At first it seemed like the three of them were very risky To ash and pulverize components at the same time.

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The pulverization of sulfur alone already poses a matter of concern risk of ignition, probably due to the large build-up of static electricity. However, all three starting materials are added at the same time, so that the oxidizing agent (KKO,) with the reducing agent (S and C) collide st, 'where these collisions likely to lead to local temperature rises, then you notice that a subdivision and mixing takes place with no evidence of ignition of the powder. This phenomenon cannot be fully explained. One assumes that one of the reasons is to be seen in the expansion of the air so that cooling takes place in the device.

It has proven unnecessary to use an (inert gas such as Nitrogen to be used in the device. The use of such an inert gas would result in considerable extra costs because you would then have to work in a closed system.

The intermingling effect resulting from an embedding of sulfur J and / or potassium nitrate exists in the pores of the activated carbon, unfolds fully during the powerful collisions between the various raw materials.

The finished black powder flour is extracted from the mill by means of the Air stream withdrawn and separated in a cyclone or the like. Larger particles are fed back to the first batch.

In this way, the subdivision and battlements take place at the same time as well as only by means of an air jet in a device without mechanically movable parts. This is very important in terms of safety during the manufacture of the

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Gunpowder. Furthermore, the production can be done automatically without Control take place. This "means that there are no people in 'must stop in a possible danger zone. The dwell time in the blender is-very short, so the amount an -black powder, in the meal before direction is only in the order of magnitude of 200 g. This is also of great importance with regard to ■ safety. Furthermore, the " Black powder can be made cheaply with low waste. , ·.

The black powder meal made in this way is whole evenly mixed. It is very easy to compress and can therefore be processed into any type of black powder without any difficulty will. Different types of black powder were made this way. They show normal characteristics' when used in rifles, when burning in melting and ignition tubes as well as with regard to the electron spin concentration.

The black powder meal can be produced completely dry. If necessary, water can be added to the black powder meal in your cyclone. It has been customary, the Schwarzpul- ■ vermehl 3 - moisturize 5 i ° water to keep the dust to a certain extent to bind to increase the compressibility and increase safety. Black powder meal produced by the process according to the invention surprisingly produces only a small amount of dust and is very easily compressible due to the small particle size, in particular of sulfur and aluminum nitrate. It is therefore not necessary to add water. However, it can be advantageous to add water, for example for safety reasons.

The device "for grinding and mixing, which according to the invention

is used according to, works continuously and can on all capacities are laid out, namely from a few hectograms up to a few tons per hour.

For polishing the black powder, the mill is not at least used 10 to 20 times as much black powder as loaded in the pulverization while the pressure is applied through the tangential inlets the air supplied to the jet mill from a relatively high pressure, for example 7-8 kg / cm, to a very low pressure Pressure, for example 0.1-0.5 kg / cm, is reduced.

The graphite coating is applied to the black powder in the same operation and in the same grinder by blowing a fine jet of powdered graphite into the mill at a point after the tangential inlet for the working air.

When the mill is set in this way, satisfactory polishing occurs at a high speed as well as without noticeable heating of the black powder. The accumulation of black powder during polishing depends of course on the size of the rest of the system. In a system with a capacity of, for example, 300 kg per hour e.g. the amount is not 4 kg, in contrast to up to 2700 kg when carrying out the previously known methods.

The following is an example of an embodiment of the invention given. · '

example

The invention can best be understood by referring to the

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: 'V-- 20 Q 55 4 9

- ■ '- ί ¹ - V ■ ■ ■. ■:

explain the attached flow chart. In this flow diagram, s mean; -. - "" ■■■,: ■ .- "" ..; ■. ■■ -. '

A pressurized air.

B:. Jiasser

C Sch \ mrzpulverinhl

D Pressurized air for cleaning E air outlet

Ϊ Dust removal.

The jet mill 7 is fed through the feed hopper 5 . The feed hopper can hold 200 kg of the raw material mixture (potassium nitrate, carbon and sulfur). of course. a constant amount of 300 kg per hour ^: from the feed funnel 5. After about 9 | 0 kg are still in the feed funnel, a level indicator starts the vibration chute below the feed funnel for potassium nitrate. This channel supports 75 kg Kaliunnitrat on the scale Z. The scale stops the supply _s when 75 kg have been achieved. Then the vibrating chute is placed under the feed hopper for. Sulfur 3 started. It feeds 10 kg, whereupon the vibrating chute for activated carbon 4 is started »It feeds 15 kg. The balance 2 is built according to the principle of Sjpannuiigsänze and \ also acts as a mixing device with a double bottom, which is connected to pressurized air. The pressurized air is automatically diverted when the weighing is finished. Mixing lasts during ';' a certain period of time, for example 3 minutes * - on, I Then the bottom valve of the scales begins to unload the mixture onto the conveyor belt su, which runs continuously and feeds the Ki-.echung to the feed hopper 5, / llachdeia the scales.

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Bi: - ■> ■

- 12 -

is empty, the whole system for weighing and mixing stands still until the height indicator in the feed hopper starts a new cycle. With a total capacity of!. 300 kg per hour are carried out on this type of 3 minutes per hour. The jet mill 7 runs continuously and delivers a finished powdered powder into the cyclone 8. The excess air is blown off at the top through the filter 9. The filter flushes itself through the filter using an automatic, pulsating reverse flow of air. In the lower part of the cyclone a system of free water nozzles is installed, which delivers 9 liters of water per hour, so that the powder has a moisture content of 3 ψ . The hot powder powder is continuously withdrawn from the cyclone through the rotary valve in the bottom. The conveyor belt transports it for possible further processing.

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Claims (5)

, ■ -.13 - - claims Process for the production of a black powder meal. From the raw materials potassium nitrate. Sulfur and .activated carbon »characterized in that the raw materials are mixed in the appropriate proportions and then further mixed and at the same time with continuous introduction into a jet mill of the known type of the type consisting of an annular chamber with tangential inlets for the introduction of pressurized air, which is converted into turbulent jets at supersonic speed, consists, ground and pulverized, whereby the particles collide with one another and are subdivided, and then the finished ¹ black powder powder is collected in a cyclone or a similar device for possible further processing., - ■ 2. The method according to claim 1> characterized in that the raw materials potassium nitrate and sulfur to a particle size be divided by about 1 mm before mixing. · 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the activated carbon in a jet mill or in another Device pre-pulverized to a particle size of approximately 1µ will, 4. Procedure for further processing according to a of claims 1-3 produced black powder by compacting, crushing, sieving and polishing the black powder, characterized in that the polishing is carried out in a jet mill which is similar to the jet mill 009833/142 3 is, in which the grinding is carried out, however to carry out the polishing the jet mill with at least 10 to 20 times as much black powder as is loaded during pulverization, and the pressure of that introduced into the mill Air is reduced to a very low level, with a fine jet for further polishing of the black powder grains of powdered graphite is blown into the mill at a point after the tangential inlet for the air. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressure of the air introduced into the jet mill is reduced to a value is reduced between 0.1 and 0.5 kg / cm. 009833 / U23 BATH