DE19964341B4 - Filling material for ground heat transmitter comprises up to 50 per cent by weight of powder, granulate-form graphite or distended graphite with granule sizes between 0.001 mm and 1 mm - Google Patents

Filling material for ground heat transmitter comprises up to 50 per cent by weight of powder, granulate-form graphite or distended graphite with granule sizes between 0.001 mm and 1 mm Download PDF

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DE19964341B4
DE19964341B4 DE19964341A DE19964341A DE19964341B4 DE 19964341 B4 DE19964341 B4 DE 19964341B4 DE 19964341 A DE19964341 A DE 19964341A DE 19964341 A DE19964341 A DE 19964341A DE 19964341 B4 DE19964341 B4 DE 19964341B4
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Prior art keywords
graphite
filling material
weight
powder
distended
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Expired - Lifetime
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DE19964341A
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German (de)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Dr. Ebert
Volker Drach
Jochen Prof. Dr. Fricke
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Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung eV
ZAE Bayern Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung eV
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Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung eV
ZAE Bayern Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung eV
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Priority claimed from DE19958765A external-priority patent/DE19958765A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • C04B2111/00706—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like around pipelines or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The filling material for a ground heat transmitter comprises up to 50 per cent by weight of powder or granulate-form graphite or distended graphite with granule sizes between 0.001mm and 1 mm. A ground heat probe accumulator is pushed into the ground (1), lying freely beneath a cultivated earth area (2). Then, various earth bores (3) are sunk, space apart by 1.5 to 2.5 m, the bore diameter being 20 cm and the bore depth 50 to 70 m. All bore holes accommodate U-shaped probes, U-shaped pipe conduits (4) being used. The pipe conduits form part of a network and are connected to a heat collector, suitable heating bodies and a hot water tank. One conduit part (5) forms the forward flow and another conduit part (7) the back flow of the network. A heat insulation (8) protects against excessive heat loss upwards.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfüllmaterial und Verfahren zur Verlegung von Erdstromkabeln.The The invention relates to a filling material and method of laying ground power cables.

Unterirdisch verlegte Starkstromkabel sind in der Regel u.a. von einer dicken PVC-Isolierung umgeben und liegen in einem Sandbett. Zudem können ein oder mehrere Kabel in einem Schutzrohr verlegt sein. Hohe Stromstärken führen zu starken Wärmebelastungen des Kabels.Underground laid power cables are usually u.a. from a thick one Surrounded by PVC insulation and lying in a sand bed. In addition, a can or several cables laid in a protective tube. High currents lead to strong heat loads of the cable.

Die Verlegung von Kabeln in einem Rohrgraben mit Verfüllmaterial aus Kunststoffmaterial ist aus der DE2737873A1 bekannt. Dort wird mit einer gezielten Wasserkühlung der Wärmebelastung des Kabels entgegen gewirkt. Ein ähnliches System ist in der US2066323 vorgesehen.The laying of cables in a trench with backfill of plastic material is from the DE2737873A1 known. There, the heat load of the cable is counteracted with targeted water cooling. A similar system is in the US2066323 intended.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Wärmebelastung von Erdstromkabeln zu verringern.Of the Invention is based on the object, the heat load of Erdstromkabeln to reduce.

Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfüllmaterial mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen und durch ein Verfahren mit den in Anspruch 5 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.The Task is by using a backfill material the features specified in claim 1 and by a method solved with the features specified in claim 5.

Dabei findet eine Verlegung in einem Verfüllmaterial mit einem Anteil von Graphit statt. Durch den Einsatz von Graphit als Bestandteil des Verfüllmaterials wird dessen Wärmeleitfähigkeit erhöht und dadurch die Wärmeabgabe in das umgebende Erdreich gesteigert. Die Kabel werden in einem Bett von Verfüllmaterial verlegt. Schutzrohre für die Kabel können mit dem Material gefüllt sein.there finds a laying in a backfill with a share held by graphite. Through the use of graphite as a component of the filling material becomes its thermal conductivity elevated and thereby the heat emission increased in the surrounding soil. The cables are in one Bed of filling material laid. Thermowells for the cables can with filled the material be.

Im übrigen besteht das Verfüllmaterial aus einer Mischung aus Wasser, Ton oder tonhaltigem Material ( z.B. Bentonit), hydraulischem Bindemittel ( z.B. Zement, Kalk) und Quarzsand. Die Bestandteile Wasser, Ton und hydraulisches Bindemittel bilden das eigentliche Bindemittelsystem; die Zusammensetzung dieser Mischung bewirkt im abgebundenen Zustand im wesentlichen eine mechanische und chemische Resistenz des Verfüllmaterials. Der Quarzsand dient als Füllstoff zur Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Gesamtmischung. Die Sandkörnchen werden nach dem Abbinden der Bindemittelmischung (Wasser, Bentonit, Zement) mehr oder weniger von dem Bindemittel eingehüllt. Durch leichte Schrumpfung des Bindemittels beim Aushärteprozeß und unterschiedliche Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Bindemittel und Quarzsand ist eine vollständige Anlagerung des Bindemittels an die Oberfläche des Sandkorns nicht immer gegeben. Es treten damit thermische Kontaktwiderstände an den Grenzen zwischen Kornoberfläche und Bindemittel auf.Otherwise it exists the backfill material from a mixture of water, clay or clay-containing material (e.g. Bentonite), hydraulic binder (e.g., cement, lime) and quartz sand. The ingredients water, clay and hydraulic binder form the actual binder system; the composition of this mixture causes in the set condition essentially a mechanical and chemical resistance of the filling material. The quartz sand serves as filler to increase the thermal conductivity the total mixture. The grains of sand are after setting the binder mixture (water, bentonite, cement) more or less enveloped by the binder. By slight shrinkage the binder in the curing process and different Coefficient of expansion of binder and quartz sand is one full Attachment of the binder to the surface of the grain of sand is not always given. It thus occur thermal contact resistance to the Boundaries between grain surface and binders.

Quarzsand besitzt eine Festkörperwärmeleitfähigkeit von etwa 1,5 W/(mK); das abgebundene Verfüllmaterial hat jedoch wegen der oben genannten Probleme bei der thermischen Ankopplung von Bindemittel und Sand, sowie wegen der geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit der bindenden Komponenten Bentonit und Zement eine effektive Gesamtwärmeleitfähigkeit von etwa nur 1 W/(mK). Diese relativ niedrige Wärmeleitfähigkeit vermindert die Leistungsfähigkeit der Erdwärmeleiteung, d.h. die Fähigkeit große Wärmeleistungen zu übertragen.quartz sand has a solid state thermal conductivity about 1.5 W / (mK); the tied backfill material, however, because of the above-mentioned problems in the thermal coupling of binder and sand, as well as because of the low thermal conductivity of the binding components bentonite and cement an overall effective thermal conductivity of only about 1 W / (mK). This relatively low thermal conductivity reduces the efficiency the earth heat conduction, i.e. the ability size thermal performance transferred to.

Durch die Zumischung von Graphit wird die Wärmeleitung erhöht.By the addition of graphite increases the heat conduction.

Graphit besitzt in reiner Form eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von etwa 170 W/(mK). Der Quarzsand im Verfüllmaterial kann zum Teil oder vollständig durch Graphitpulver ersetzt werden. Um die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Verfüllmaterials nicht zu verändern, kommt bevorzugt Graphitpulver bzw. Graphitgranulat zum Einsatz, deren Partikelgröße etwa 0,1 bis 1mm beträgt. Das entspricht in etwa der Korngröße des üblicherweise verwendeten Sandes. Graphitpulver in grober Fraktion ist auch billiger erhältlich als feinkörniges Graphit. Um ggfs. eine besonders homogene Verfüllmaterialmischung zu erreichen, insbesondere wenn auf eine Zumischung von Sand verzichtet werden soll, können Graphitpulver mit Partikelgröße zwischen 0,001 und 0,1 mm verwendet werden.graphite has in pure form a thermal conductivity of about 170 W / (mK). The quartz sand in the backfill material can partly or Completely be replaced by graphite powder. To the mechanical properties of the filling material not to change graphite powder or graphite granules are preferably used, their particle size is about 0.1 to 1mm. This corresponds approximately to the grain size of the sand commonly used. Graphite powder in coarse fraction is also cheaper available than fine-grained graphite. In order, if necessary, to achieve a particularly homogeneous filling material mixture, especially if it is dispensed with an admixture of sand should, can Graphite powder with particle size between 0.001 and 0.1 mm are used.

Um eine noch besser thermische Anbindung der Graphitpartikel an das umgebende Bindemittelmaterial zu gewährleisten, wird vorzugsweise Blähgraphit verwendet. Blähgraphit besitzt zwar durch die offenporige Schaumartige Struktur eine niedrigere Wärmeleitfähigkeit als das massive Graphitkorn, verbindet sich aber aufgrund seiner elastischen Eigenschaften und seiner Oberflächenstruktur inniger mit dem umgebenden Bindemittel.Around an even better thermal connection of the graphite particles to the To ensure surrounding binder material is preferably expandable graphite used. expandable graphite Although has a lower thermal conductivity due to the open-cell foam-like structure as the massive graphite grain, but combines because of it elastic properties and its surface structure more intimate with the surrounding binder.

Das Bindemittel dringt zum Teil in das Blähgraphitteilchen ein; die elastischen Eigenschaften des Blähgraphits kompensieren das Problem der unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Bindemittel und Graphitteilchen und reduzieren damit den Effekt der thermischen Kontaktwiderstände an den Korngrenzen.The Binder partially penetrates into the expandable graphite particle; the elastic Properties of expandable graphite compensate the problem of different expansion coefficients of binder and graphite particles and thus reduce the effect the thermal contact resistance at the grain boundaries.

Die typische Zusammensetzung des Verfüllmaterials besteht aus etwa 50 Gew% (Gewichtsprozent) Wasser, 10 Gew% Bentonit, 10 Gew% Zement und 30 Gew% Sand. Wenn der Sand komplett durch Graphit ersetzt wird, erreicht man eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von mehr als 2 W/(mK), d.h. durch den Einsatz des Graphits im Verfüllmaterial wird die Wärmeleitfähigkeit verdoppelt.The typical composition of the filling material consists of about 50% by weight (weight percent) of water, 10% by weight of bentonite, 10% by weight of cement and 30% by weight of sand. If the sand is completely replaced by graphite, a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W / (mK) can be achieved, ie the use of graphite in the backfill material causes the heat to change conductivity doubles.

An der gesamten Zusammensetzung des Verfüllmaterials kann Graphit zwischen 5 Gew% und 50 Gew% betragen.At graphite may be interposed between the total composition of the filling material 5% by weight and 50% by weight.

Ausführungsbeispiel:Embodiment:

Ein besonders homogenes Verfüllmaterial erreicht man mit folgenden Ausgangsprodukten:
35 Gew% hydraulisch abbindender Trockenmörtel (z.B. Brunnen-Dämmer von AZBUT),
35 Gew% Wasser
30 Gew% feines Graphit, Korngröße kleiner 0,05mm (z.B. EDM von Graphit Kropfmühl AG)A particularly homogeneous filling material is achieved with the following starting products:
35% by weight of hydraulically setting dry mortar (eg well twilight from AZBUT),
35% by weight of water
30% by weight fine graphite, grain size less than 0.05 mm (eg EDM from Graphit Kropfmühl AG)

Claims (5)

Verfüllmaterial zur Verlegung von Erdstromkabeln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfüllmaterial eine Mischung mit einem Anteil von Graphit ist, vorzugsweise mit einem Mischungsanteil von 5 bis 50 Gew% aus pulver- oder granulatförmigem Graphit oder Blähgraphit.Filling material for laying earth power cables, characterized in that the filling material is a mixture with a proportion of graphite, preferably with a mixing proportion of 5 to 50% by weight of powdered or granular graphite or expanded graphite. Verfüllmaterial nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von Graphit oder Blähgraphit mit Korngrößen zwischen 0,001 mm und 1 mm oder einer Korngröße zwischen 0,001 und 0,1 mm.backfill according to claim 1, characterized by the use of graphite or expanded graphite with grain sizes between 0.001 mm and 1 mm or a grain size between 0.001 and 0.1 mm. Verfüllmaterial nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Bindemittel aufweist, wobei das Bindemittel aus mindestens zwei der Bestandteile Wasser, Ton oder tonhaltiges Material, hydraulisches Bindemittel und Sand besteht.backfill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a Binder, wherein the binder of at least two of Ingredients water, clay or clayey material, hydraulic Binder and sand exists. Verfüllmaterial, nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Bindemittel aus mindestens zwei der Bestandteile Wasser, Bentonit, Zement und Sand aufweist.backfill, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a Binders of at least two of the components water, bentonite, cement and sand. Verfahren zur Verlegung von Erdstromkabeln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kabel in einem Bett von Verfüllmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 verlegt werden.Method for laying earth power cables, thereby characterized in that Cable in a bed of backfill material according to one of the claims 1 to 4 are laid.
DE19964341A 1999-12-07 1999-12-07 Filling material for ground heat transmitter comprises up to 50 per cent by weight of powder, granulate-form graphite or distended graphite with granule sizes between 0.001 mm and 1 mm Expired - Lifetime DE19964341B4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE19958765A DE19958765A1 (en) 1999-06-29 1999-12-07 Backfill material containing graphite for geothermal heat exchangers and earth power cables

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007061802B3 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-03-05 Frank Dupre Channel system for receiving power cables
EP2712854A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-02 Dantonit A/S A powder composition and slurry for preparing heat conducting materials
EP3050860A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-08-03 Universität Kassel Earth line bedding material and earth line section
ITUB20153036A1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-10 Italcementi Spa High thermal conductivity mortar and its use
EP3454439A1 (en) 2017-09-12 2019-03-13 Heidelberger Beton GmbH Method for laying power cables

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2066323A (en) * 1935-12-07 1937-01-05 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Electric cable system
DE2737873A1 (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-03-02 Electric Power Res Inst PROCEDURE AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF BIG ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2066323A (en) * 1935-12-07 1937-01-05 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Electric cable system
DE2737873A1 (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-03-02 Electric Power Res Inst PROCEDURE AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF BIG ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007061802B3 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-03-05 Frank Dupre Channel system for receiving power cables
WO2009077020A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Frank Dupre Duct system for accommodating power cables
EP2712854A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-02 Dantonit A/S A powder composition and slurry for preparing heat conducting materials
EP2712853A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-02 Dantonit A/S A powder composition and slurry for preparing heat conducting materials
EP3050860A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-08-03 Universität Kassel Earth line bedding material and earth line section
DE102015101342A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-08-04 Universität Kassel Earth line bedding material and grounding area
DE202016008562U1 (en) 2015-01-29 2018-07-03 Universität Kassel Earth line bedding material and grounding area
ITUB20153036A1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-10 Italcementi Spa High thermal conductivity mortar and its use
EP3454439A1 (en) 2017-09-12 2019-03-13 Heidelberger Beton GmbH Method for laying power cables

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