DE19948214A1 - Block heating power station has stack of fuel cells and feeds air required for fuel cells and auxiliary burner via exhaust gas-air heat exchanger fed by fuel cell exhaust gases - Google Patents
Block heating power station has stack of fuel cells and feeds air required for fuel cells and auxiliary burner via exhaust gas-air heat exchanger fed by fuel cell exhaust gasesInfo
- Publication number
- DE19948214A1 DE19948214A1 DE19948214A DE19948214A DE19948214A1 DE 19948214 A1 DE19948214 A1 DE 19948214A1 DE 19948214 A DE19948214 A DE 19948214A DE 19948214 A DE19948214 A DE 19948214A DE 19948214 A1 DE19948214 A1 DE 19948214A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cells
- heat exchanger
- exhaust gas
- air
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Blockheizkraftwerk gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspru ches 1.The invention relates to a combined heat and power plant according to the preamble of claim ches 1.
Bei bekannten derartigen Blockheizkraftwerken arbeitet der Zusatzbrenner in der Regel ohne eine Koppelung mit der Brennstoffzelle.In known block-type thermal power plants, the additional burner generally works without coupling to the fuel cell.
Der Wirkungsgrad einer Brennstoffzelle wird durch mehrere Faktoren bestimmt. So ist der Reformierungs- und Konditionierungsprozeß mit Verlusten behaftet, und es kann nur ein Teil der in das System eingebrachten Energie in elektrische Energie umgesetzt werden. Weiters weist auf der elektrischen Seite der übliche Wechselrichter Verluste auf, und auch die Brennstoffzellen arbeitet mit Wärmeverlusten. Die heißen Abgase der Brennstoffzellen kön nen bei einer Kraft-Wärme-Nutzung bei den bekannten Blockheizkraftwerken nur auf die Rücklauftemperatur eines Heizkreislaufes beschränkt abgekühlt und daher nicht optimal genutzt werden. Alle Wirkungsgradminderungen werden zwar in Wärme umgesetzt, doch kann diese Wärme bei den herkömmlichen Blockheizkraftwerken nicht ausreichend genutzt werden, da bei diesen kaum eine thermische Koppelung der Brennstoffzellen und des Zu satzbrenners gegeben ist.The efficiency of a fuel cell is determined by several factors. That's the way it is The reforming and conditioning process is at a loss and it can only be a part of the energy introduced into the system are converted into electrical energy. Furthermore has losses on the electrical side of the usual inverters, and also losses Fuel cells work with heat losses. The hot exhaust gases from the fuel cells can NEN when using combined heat and power in the known combined heat and power plants only on The return temperature of a heating circuit has cooled down to a limited extent and is therefore not optimal be used. All reductions in efficiency are converted into heat, but this heat cannot be used sufficiently in conventional cogeneration plants be, since in these hardly any thermal coupling of the fuel cells and the Zu record burner is given.
In Blockheizkraftwerken mit Brennstoffzellen zur Stromerzeugung und einem Zusatzbrenner zur Wärmeerzeugung ist das Blockheizkraftwerk meist so dimensioniert, daß es auf Haus halte zugeschnitten ist, die deutlich mehr Wärme als Strom benötigen. Dies bedeutet, daß der Zusatzbrenner eine höhere Belastung als die Brennstoffzellen aufweisen. In combined heat and power plants with fuel cells for power generation and an additional burner for heat generation, the combined heat and power plant is usually dimensioned so that it is on the house hold is tailored, which require significantly more heat than electricity. This means that the additional burner has a higher load than the fuel cells.
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und ein Blockheizkraftwerk der ein gangs erwähnten Art vorzuschlagen, das mit einem besonders hohen Wirkungsgrad betrie ben werden kann.The aim of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and a combined heat and power plant propose the type mentioned above, which operated with a particularly high efficiency can be used.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Blockheizkraftwerk der eingangs erwähnten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 erreicht.According to the invention, this is achieved in a combined heat and power plant of the type mentioned at the outset the characterizing features of claim 1 achieved.
Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen ist sichergestellt, daß die in den Abgasen der Brennstoffzellen enthaltene Wärme nutzbringend zur Vorwärmung der für den Betrieb des Blockheizkraftwerks erforderlichen Luft verwendet wird, wodurch sich der Gesamtwirkungs grad des Blockheizkraftwerks erhöht.The proposed measures ensure that the exhaust gases in the Fuel cells contain heat useful for preheating the for the operation of the Cogeneration power required air is used, which increases the overall effectiveness degree of combined heat and power plant increased.
Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 2 ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die Verluste der einzelnen Bauteile des Blockheizkraftwerks, die in Wärme umgesetzt werden, zu einer Erwärmung der Zuluft der Brennstoffzellen und des Zusatzbrenners genutzt werden können. Dadurch sinkt der erforderliche Einsatz von Primärenergie zur Erwärmung der Luft für die Brennstoffzellen und den Zusatzbrenner, was zu einer weiteren Erhöhung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades des Blockheizkraftwerks führt.The features of claim 2 have the advantage that the losses of the individual Components of the combined heat and power plant, which are converted into heat, to heat the Supply air from the fuel cells and the additional burner can be used. This will decrease the use of primary energy to heat the air for the fuel cells and the additional burner, which further increases the overall efficiency of the Cogeneration plant leads.
Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 ergibt sich eine im Hinblick auf den Wärmeübergang sehr günstige Lösung.Due to the features of claim 3 results in terms of heat transfer very cheap solution.
Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 4 ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß auch allfällige Abstrah lungsverluste des Abgas-Luft-Wärmetauschers zur Aufheizung der Zuluft für das Blockheiz kraftwerk genutzt werden können.The features of claim 4 have the advantage that any radiation Loss of losses of the exhaust gas-air heat exchanger for heating the supply air for the block heater power plant can be used.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, die schematisch ein erfin dungsgemäßes Blockheizkraftwerk zeigt. The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which schematically invent one cogeneration plant according to the invention shows.
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Blockheizkraftwerk 17 ist ein Stapel von Brennstoffzellen 1 samt den nicht dargestellten Hilfsaggregaten, wie Reformer, Konverter und Wechselrichter, sowie ein Zusatzbrenner 2 samt einem Wärmetauscher 6 zur Bereitung von Heizwasser in einem mit einer Wärmedämmung 18 versehenen geschlossenen Gehäuse 3 angeordnet, in das eine Luftleitung 14 mündet.In a combined heat and power plant 17 according to the invention, a stack of fuel cells 1 together with the auxiliary units (not shown), such as reformers, converters and inverters, and an additional burner 2 together with a heat exchanger 6 for preparing heating water are arranged in a closed housing 3 provided with thermal insulation 18 , into which an air line 14 opens.
Den Brennstoffzellen 1, bzw. deren Reformer wird Wasser über eine Wasserzuleitung 12 zugeführt. Weiters ist eine Gaszuleitung 13 vorgesehen, an die die Brennstoffzellen 1 und der Zusatzbrenner 2 angeschlossen sind. Weiters ist eine Ausleitung 15 für den von den Brennstoffzellen erzeugten elektrischen Strom vorgesehen.Water is supplied to the fuel cells 1 or their reformers via a water supply line 12 . A gas supply line 13 is also provided, to which the fuel cells 1 and the additional burner 2 are connected. Furthermore, an outflow line 15 is provided for the electrical current generated by the fuel cells.
Eine Abgasleitung 5 der Brennstoffzellen durchsetzt das Gehäuse 3 und führt zu einem Ab gas-Luft-Wärmetauscher 8, über dessen Sekundärzweig 19 die gesamte Zuluft über die Luftleitung 14 für das Blockheizkraftwerk geführt ist, die über einen Einlaß 11 in den Wärme tauscher 8 einströmt und über die an diesen angeschlossene Luftleitung 14 mit entspre chend erhöhter Temperatur in das Innere 20 des Gehäuses 3 strömt.An exhaust gas line 5 of the fuel cells passes through the housing 3 and leads to a gas-air heat exchanger 8 , via whose secondary branch 19 all the supply air is routed through the air line 14 for the combined heat and power plant, which flows into the heat exchanger 8 via an inlet 11 and About the connected to this air line 14 with a correspondingly increased temperature flows into the interior 20 of the housing 3 .
Das Abgas der Brennstoffzellen 1 verläßt den Wärmetauscher 8 über einen Auslaß 10.The exhaust gas from the fuel cells 1 leaves the heat exchanger 8 via an outlet 10 .
Das Abgas des Zusatzbrenners 2 ist über einen Abgasstutzen 16 mit einem Primärzweig 21 eines Wärmetauschers 6 verbunden, der zur Bereitung von Heizwasser dient, das über eine Vorlaufleitung 71 und eine Rücklaufleitung 7 durch einen Sekundärzweig 22 des Wärmetau schers 6 strömt.The exhaust gas of the additional burner 2 is connected via an exhaust pipe 16 to a primary branch 21 of a heat exchanger 6 , which is used for the preparation of heating water which flows via a feed line 71 and a return line 7 through a secondary branch 22 of the heat exchanger 6 .
Das abgekühlte Abgas des Zusatzbrenners 2 wird über eine Abgasleitung 9 nach außen geführt.The cooled exhaust gas of the additional burner 2 is led to the outside via an exhaust pipe 9 .
Beim Betrieb des Blockheizkraftwerkes 17, bei dem sich die Brennstoffzellen 1 sehr erheb lich erhitzen, heizen deren Strahlungswärme 4 auch die im Inneren 20 des Gehäuses 3 be findliche Luft auf. Dadurch wird einerseits die für die Brennstoffzellen 1 erforderliche Luft, wie auch die Luft für den Zusatzbrenner 2 entsprechend aufgeheizt. Dadurch sinkt der Be darf an Energie zur Aufheizung der Luft auf die für die Brennstoffzellen 1 erforderliche Tem peratur.Lich heat during operation of the cogeneration unit 17, in which the fuel cell 1 is very import, heating the radiant heat 4 on the inside of the housing 3 be in the 20-sensitive air. As a result, on the one hand the air required for the fuel cells 1 and the air for the additional burner 2 are heated accordingly. This reduces the loading of energy for heating the air to the temperature required for the fuel cells 1 .
Da aus dem Gehäuse 3 nur wenig Wärme entweichen kann, ergibt sich für das Blockheiz kraftwerk 17 ein sehr hoher Wirkungsgrad.Since only a little heat can escape from the housing 3 , there is a very high efficiency for the combined heat and power plant 17 .
Bei fehlendem Wärmebedarf für das Heizwasser kann der Zusatzbrenner 2 stillgesetzt wer den. In einem solchen Fall wird die Wärme der Brennstoffzellen 1 zur Aufheizung der Luft für die Brennstoffzellen 1 genutzt.If there is no heat requirement for the heating water, the additional burner 2 can be stopped. In such a case, the heat of the fuel cells 1 is used to heat the air for the fuel cells 1 .
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0168898A AT407590B (en) | 1998-10-08 | 1998-10-08 | CHP POWER PLANT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19948214A1 true DE19948214A1 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
Family
ID=3518854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19948214A Ceased DE19948214A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 1999-10-07 | Block heating power station has stack of fuel cells and feeds air required for fuel cells and auxiliary burner via exhaust gas-air heat exchanger fed by fuel cell exhaust gases |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT407590B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH690662A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19948214A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002037595A2 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-10 | Vaillant Gmbh | Low-pressure chamber for a fuel cell system |
| EP1475577A2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-10 | Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG | Fuel cell heating device |
| US6841277B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2005-01-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a fuel cell plant and fuel cell plant |
| US7026065B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2006-04-11 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell system heat recovery |
| DE102006031866A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Webasto Ag | Fuel cell system and method for influencing the heat balance of a fuel cell system |
| EP1968150A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-09-10 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Fuel cell system |
| DE102007039017A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | The fuel cell system |
| DE102007042425A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hot box, has reheater for fuel cell vehicle-residual gas, and latent heat storage system provided within heat insulation layers and designed to deliver heat to insulation layers by phase change when fuel cell is not operated |
| DE102012220082A1 (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-08 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Fuel cell system for vehicle, has control device which controls heating operation of auxiliary heat exchanger to flow auxiliary heat of fuel cell exhaust gas from auxiliary heat exchanger prominently through bypass path |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0665051B2 (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1994-08-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Fuel cell power generation system |
| DE19608738C1 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-06-26 | Siemens Ag | Method of utilising e.g. low temp. polymer membrane (PEM) fuel cell enthalpy |
-
1998
- 1998-10-08 AT AT0168898A patent/AT407590B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-10-01 CH CH01800/99A patent/CH690662A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-07 DE DE19948214A patent/DE19948214A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6841277B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2005-01-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a fuel cell plant and fuel cell plant |
| WO2002037595A2 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-10 | Vaillant Gmbh | Low-pressure chamber for a fuel cell system |
| WO2002037595A3 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2004-01-08 | Vaillant Gmbh | Low-pressure chamber for a fuel cell system |
| US7026065B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2006-04-11 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell system heat recovery |
| EP1475577A2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-10 | Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG | Fuel cell heating device |
| EP1475577A3 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-12-22 | Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG | Fuel cell heating device |
| DE102006031866A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Webasto Ag | Fuel cell system and method for influencing the heat balance of a fuel cell system |
| EP1968150A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-09-10 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Fuel cell system |
| DE102007039017A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | The fuel cell system |
| DE102007042425A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hot box, has reheater for fuel cell vehicle-residual gas, and latent heat storage system provided within heat insulation layers and designed to deliver heat to insulation layers by phase change when fuel cell is not operated |
| DE102012220082A1 (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-08 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Fuel cell system for vehicle, has control device which controls heating operation of auxiliary heat exchanger to flow auxiliary heat of fuel cell exhaust gas from auxiliary heat exchanger prominently through bypass path |
| DE102012220082B4 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2024-04-25 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Vehicle fuel cell system and associated operating procedure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT407590B (en) | 2001-04-25 |
| ATA168898A (en) | 2000-08-15 |
| CH690662A5 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: VAILLANT GMBH, 42859 REMSCHEID, DE |
|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| 8131 | Rejection |