DE19946649A1 - Fluidizing a solid charge and stabilizing a fluidized bed, used in biotechnology for water preparation, and enzyme catalysis, comprises using pressure waves - Google Patents

Fluidizing a solid charge and stabilizing a fluidized bed, used in biotechnology for water preparation, and enzyme catalysis, comprises using pressure waves

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Publication number
DE19946649A1
DE19946649A1 DE1999146649 DE19946649A DE19946649A1 DE 19946649 A1 DE19946649 A1 DE 19946649A1 DE 1999146649 DE1999146649 DE 1999146649 DE 19946649 A DE19946649 A DE 19946649A DE 19946649 A1 DE19946649 A1 DE 19946649A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
stabilizing
beds
fluidizing
ultrasound
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DE1999146649
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German (de)
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Marc Breitbach
Dieter Bathen
Henner Schmidt-Traub
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/40Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to vibrations or pulsations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212Plates; Jackets; Cylinders

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A process for fluidizing a solid charge and for stabilizing a fluidized bed, comprising using pressure waves, is new.

Description

Der Einsatz von Flüssig/Fest-Wirbelschichten bietet gegenüber üblichen Festbett-Appara­ ten in speziellen Anwendungsgebieten große Vorteile. Dies hat sich vor allem auf dem Gebiet der Biotechnologie z. B. bei der Wasseraufbereitung, der enzymatischen Katalyse, verschiedener Behandlungen von Mikroorganismen oder Zellen und bei der Extraktion und chromatographischen Reinigung von Proteinen gezeigt.The use of liquid / solid fluidized beds offers compared to conventional fixed bed apparatus great advantages in special application areas. This has mostly been on the Field of biotechnology e.g. B. in water treatment, enzymatic catalysis, various treatments of microorganisms or cells and during extraction and chromatographic purification of proteins shown.

So müssen für eine Festbett-Adsorption von Biomolekülen aus Fermentationsbrühen die suspendierten Feststoffe wie Zellen oder Mikroorganismen in einem vorgeschalteten Trennungsschritt entfernt werden, da sonst das Festbett verstopfen würde. Diese Proble­ matik kann durch die Anwendung einer Wirbelschicht-Adsorption aufgrund des höheren Lückengrades umgangen werden, wodurch eine direkte Adsorption der Biomoleküle aus Fermentationsbrühen ermöglicht wird.For a fixed bed adsorption of biomolecules from fermentation broths, the suspended solids such as cells or microorganisms in an upstream Separation step must be removed, otherwise the fixed bed would clog. This problem matics can be increased due to the application of a fluidized bed adsorption Gap degrees are avoided, which results in a direct adsorption of the biomolecules Fermentation broth is made possible.

Bei der Anwendung der Wirbelschichttechnik treten jedoch verfahrenstechnische Probleme auf, da die Ausdehnung der Wirbelschicht direkt von der Leerrohrgeschwindigkeit im Apparat und der Partikeldichte und -größe abhängt:
When using fluidized bed technology, however, there are procedural problems, since the expansion of the fluidized bed depends directly on the empty tube speed in the apparatus and the particle density and size:

  • 1. Ändert sich der Volumenstrom im Betriebszeitraum oder wird aus verfah­ renstechnischen Gründen der Feststoff gewechselt, ändern sich die fluiddy­ namischen Verhältnisse in der Wirbelschicht. Unter Umständen muß ein neuer Wirbelschicht-Apparat eingesetzt werden.1. Does the volume flow change during the operating period or is it expired Due to technical reasons, the solid changed, the fluiddy change namic conditions in the fluidized bed. Under certain circumstances, a new fluidized bed apparatus are used.
  • 2. Treten im Prozess große Volumenstromschwankungen auf, so ist ein erheblicher verfahrens- und regelungstechnischer Aufwand notwendig, um eine stabile Wirbelschicht zu erzeugen.2. If large volume flow fluctuations occur in the process, then there is considerable process and control engineering effort necessary to to create a stable fluidized bed.

Aufgrund dieser Beschränkungen ist die Anwendung von Flüssig/Fest-Wirbelschicht- Apparaten in der Industrie noch nicht verbreitet. Die vorliegende Erfindung löst die Probleme. Because of these limitations, the use of liquid / solid fluidized bed Apparatus not yet widespread in the industry. The present invention solves the Problems.  

Es ist bekannt, dass Ultraschall sogenannte Strahlungskräfte auf suspendierte Teilchen ausübt. Hierzu wurden die ersten theoretischen Grundlagen von King erarbeitet. Yosioka und Kawasima erweiterten die Berechnungsgleichungen um die Feststoff-Kompressibilität für den Sonderfall von Partikeln, die viel kleiner als die Wellenlänge des Ultraschalls sind (Spengler, Jekel, "Ultrasound assisted solid-liquid Separation in environmental and water technology - large scale processing performance enhancement and small scale analytical applications", in: Thiem, Neis (Hrsg.), Reports on Sanitary Engineering, Vol. 25 (1999); S. 189-204).It is known that ultrasound exerts so-called radiation forces on suspended particles. King's first theoretical foundations were developed for this purpose. Yosioka and Kawasima expanded the calculation equations to include solid compressibility for the special case of particles that are much smaller than the wavelength of ultrasound (Spengler, Jekel, "Ultrasound assisted solid-liquid separation in environmental and water technology - large scale processing performance enhancement and small scale analytical applications ", in: Thiem, Neis (ed.), Reports on Sanitary Engineering, Vol. 25 ( 1999 ); pp. 189-204).

Bisher wurden die Strahlungskräfte ausschließlich zur Abtrennung von sehr kleinen Partikeln aus Flüssigkeiten genutzt. Hierbei wird der Effekt ausgenutzt, dass sich in einer Flüssigkeit suspendierte Partikel in einem Stehwellenfeld je nach Feststoffdichte an den Noden bzw. Antinoden sammeln und dort abgezogen werden können (Spengler, Jekel, "Ultrasound assisted solid-liquid separation in environmental and water technology - large scale processing performance enhancement and small scale analytical applications", in: Thiem, Neis (Hrsg.), Reports on Sanitary Engineering, Vol. 25 (1999); S. 189-204; Jöhring, "Einsatz von Ultraschall zur Partikelagglomeration und Fest-flüssig-Separation"; Dissertation an der TU Berlin, 1998; Bekker, Meyer, Pretorius, Van der Merwe, "Separati­ on of Solid-Liquid Suspension with Ultrasonic Acoustic Energy", Wat. Res., 31 (1997), S. 2543-2549)So far, the radiation forces have only been used to separate very small particles from liquids. The effect is exploited here that particles suspended in a liquid collect in a standing wave field depending on the solid density at the nodes or antinodes and can be removed there (Spengler, Jekel, "Ultrasound assisted solid-liquid separation in environmental and water technology - large scale processing performance enhancement and small scale analytical applications ", in: Thiem, Neis (ed.), Reports on Sanitary Engineering, Vol. 25 ( 1999 ); pp. 189-204; Jöhring," Use of ultrasound for particle agglomeration and solid liquid separation "; dissertation at the TU Berlin, 1998; Bekker, Meyer, Pretorius, Van der Merwe," Separati on Solid-Liquid Suspension with Ultrasonic Acoustic Energy ", Wat. Res., 31 ( 1997 ), p. 2543 -2549)

Die folgende Erfindung nutzt die Strahlungskräfte im fortlaufenden Ultraschallfeld aus, um ein Festbett zu fluidisieren oder eine bestehende Wirbelschicht bei schwankenden Volu­ menströmen zu stabilisieren. Dabei werden die Partikel bei ausreichender Ultraschall- Leistung in den Bereichen hoher Schallintensitäten durch die Strahlungskräfte vom Ultraschallwandler weggedrückt, wodurch in der Wirbelschicht eine Kreisströmung induziert wird, wie in Zeichnung 1 schematisch dargestellt ist.The following invention takes advantage of the radiation forces in the continuous ultrasound field in order to fluidize a fixed bed or an existing fluidized bed with fluctuating volu stabilize the flow of men. With sufficient ultrasound, the particles are Performance in the areas of high sound intensities by the radiation forces from Ultrasonic transducer pushed away, causing a circular flow in the fluidized bed is induced, as shown schematically in drawing 1.

Als Beispiel für das Verfahren ist der Aufbau in Zeichnung 1 dokumentiert. In einem Doppelmantelgefäß (5) befindet sich der Feststoff (2). Die Flüssigkeit strömt durch den Einlass (6) zunächst in den unteren Bereich des Gefäßes (4) von wo aus sie durch eine Fritte oder einen Siebboden (3) in das Festbett bzw. die Wirbelschicht (2) strömt und durch den Auslassstutzen (7) das System verlässt. Während des Stoffaustauschs der festen und flüssigen Phase wird der Innenraum des Gefäßes durch einen Ultraschallsender (1) mit Ultraschall beaufschlagt. Die Temperierung des Systems erfolgt über ein Kühl- oder Heizmedium, das über die Stutzen (8) und (9) zu- und abgeführt werden kann, je nachdem ob eine Gleich- oder Gegenstromführung angestrebt wird.The structure is documented in drawing 1 as an example of the process. The solid ( 2 ) is in a double jacket vessel ( 5 ). The liquid first flows through the inlet ( 6 ) into the lower region of the vessel ( 4 ) from where it flows through a frit or sieve bottom ( 3 ) into the fixed bed or the fluidized bed ( 2 ) and through the outlet nozzle ( 7 ) leaves the system. During the mass transfer of the solid and liquid phase, the interior of the vessel is subjected to ultrasound by an ultrasound transmitter ( 1 ). The temperature of the system is controlled by a cooling or heating medium, which can be supplied and discharged via the sockets ( 8 ) and ( 9 ), depending on whether a direct or countercurrent flow is desired.

Alternativ zu der dargestellten Anordnung einer einstufigen Wirbelschicht ist auch ein System als mehrstufige Wirbelschicht möglich. Weiterhin kann die Anordnung der Be­ schallungseinrichtung variiert werden. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, das System, wie in Zeichnung 1 dargestellt, von oben oder von unten oder von der Seite mit Ultraschall zu beaufschlagen. Auch eine Kombination der genannten Anordnung ist möglich.As an alternative to the arrangement of a single-stage fluidized bed shown, a System possible as a multi-stage fluidized bed. Furthermore, the arrangement of the loading sound equipment can be varied. There is a possibility to change the system as in Drawing 1 shown from above or from below or from the side with ultrasound act upon. A combination of the arrangement mentioned is also possible.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüt­ tungen bzw. die Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten durch Beschallung mit Druck­ wellen erfolgt.1. A method for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing fluidized beds, characterized in that the fluidization of solid beds or the stabilization of fluidized beds is carried out by sonication with pressure waves. 2. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschallung in einer einstufigen Wirbelschicht mit einem von oben aufgesetzten Ultraschallsender erfolgt.2. Process for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing Fluidized beds according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound system in a single stage Fluidized bed is carried out with an ultrasonic transmitter attached from above. 3. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschallung mit Ultraschall in einer einstufigen Wirbelschicht mit einem von unten aufgesetzten Ultraschallsender erfolgt.3. Process for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing Fluidized beds according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasound in a one-stage fluidized bed with an ultrasonic transmitter attached from below he follows. 4. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschallung des Adsorbens mit Ultraschall durch in die Wirbelschicht eingetauchte Ultraschallsender durchgeführt wird. 4. Process for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing Fluidized beds according to claim 1, characterized in that the sonication of the adsorbent with Ultrasound performed by ultrasound transmitters immersed in the fluidized bed becomes.   5. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschallung mit Ultraschall in einer mehrstufigen Wirbelschicht erfolgt, wobei die Beschallung des Adsorbens in jeder Stufe durch von oben eingebrachte Ultraschallsender durchgeführt wird.5. Process for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing Fluidized beds according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasound in a multi-stage fluidized bed, the sonication of the adsorbent in each stage is carried out by ultrasonic transmitters inserted from above. 6. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschallung mit Ultraschall in einer mehrstufigen Wirbelschicht erfolgt, wobei die Beschallung des Adsorbens in jeder Stufe durch von unten eingebrachte Ultraschallsender durchgeführt wird.6. Process for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing Fluidized beds according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasound in a multi-stage fluidized bed, the sonication of the adsorbent in each stage is carried out by ultrasonic transmitters inserted from below. 7. Verfahren zur Fluidisierung von Feststoffschüttungen und zur Stabilisierung von Wirbelschichten nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschallung mit Ultraschall in einer mehrstufigen Wirbelschicht erfolgt, wobei die Beschallung des Adsorbens in jeder Stufe durch an den Seiten aufgesetzte Ultraschallsender durchgeführt wird.7. Process for fluidizing solid beds and for stabilizing Fluidized beds according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasound in a multi-stage fluidized bed, the sonication of the adsorbent in each stage is carried out by ultrasonic transmitters attached to the sides.
DE1999146649 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Fluidizing a solid charge and stabilizing a fluidized bed, used in biotechnology for water preparation, and enzyme catalysis, comprises using pressure waves Ceased DE19946649A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2882664A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-08 Elsametal Sa Fluidized bed reactor for liquids/solids reactions has finishing compartment with ultrasound emitters at upper end of reactor body

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19524712A1 (en) * 1995-07-11 1997-01-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Device for carrying out chemical reactions and their use

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19524712A1 (en) * 1995-07-11 1997-01-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Device for carrying out chemical reactions and their use

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2882664A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-08 Elsametal Sa Fluidized bed reactor for liquids/solids reactions has finishing compartment with ultrasound emitters at upper end of reactor body

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