DE19910119A1 - Vacuum circuit breaker has ring electrode around each contact maker in open position, with further electrodes forming axial magnetic field. - Google Patents

Abstract

The vacuum circuit breaker has ring electrodes around each contact maker in the open position, with further electrodes forming an axial magnetic field. Each contact maker, in its open position, is surrounded by a first ring electrode (16, 28). To form an axial magnetic field, suitable additional electrodes (50, 52) are allocated to each ring electrode.

Description

The invention relates to a vacuum chamber according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such vacuum chambers are known per se; they are used up to one certain breaking capacity and voltage level, the voltage level additional Lich can be increased by measures that an axial magnetic field in the light generate arc extinction.

Vacuum chambers currently in use usually have a fixed position the contact piece, which cooperates with a movable contact piece; to the end switch arises between the two, which, due to the axial, is more suitable electrodes generating a magnetic field is a diffuse arc.

The object of the invention is to develop a vacuum interrupter with the higher one Tensions can be achieved.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.  

According to the invention, each contact piece in its switched-off position is a con clock ring surrounding associated first ring electrode, so that between neigh beard ring electrodes there is a gap in each after switching off the contact separation, the arc commutates in and between the ring electrodes it burns. Suitable electrodes are each for forming an axial magnetic field Ring electrode assigned.

This will increase the switching capacity on the one hand and the dielectric strength on the other hand achieved.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, there can be between the ring electrodes at least one stationary further ring electrode can be provided, the at least one of the one movable contact stem with the first movable contact piece we is at least partially reached.

Each additional ring electrode is held by a screen, which with an between two cylinders of brazed support are held within the vacuum chamber.

In the event of a switch-off action, the arc is thus switched to several partial arcs is divided. If only one further ring electrode is provided, two are obtained Column; if two more ring electrodes and more, i.e. N-ring electrodes, are used hen, then you get N + 1 column. This allows the dielectric strength and the breaking capacity can be increased.

So that when switching off there is no metal vapor on the inner surface of the ke can knock down the ceramic cylinder, the individual supports are also called Umbrellas used for the spatially adjacent column. This makes each one Gap surrounded by a partial screen on the side.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first ring electrode can be on a support cylinder attached to the adjacent cover, which is attached by the  Movable contact stem is penetrated, with the bellows on the support cylinder and is attached to the movable contact stem.

There are two options:
On the one hand, the vacuum chamber can have a fixed contact stem with a fixed contact piece and a movable contact stem with a movable contact piece; in this case, a first ring electrode is also attached to the fixed contact piece, in particular molded on.

On the other hand, the contact point can be switched from two to opposite Directions movable contact pieces are formed; in this case two are first Ring electrodes provided in the manner described above with the neighboring Lid are connected.

A radial is used to form the first ring electrode on the fixed contact piece Ring plate and a flange formed thereon provided in the direction is crimped, which opposes the opposite movable contact piece sets lies.

The first ones assigned to the movable contact pieces are also in the same way Ring electrodes formed.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, each further ring electrode is in front preferably toroidal with preferably an elliptical radial cross section formed, wherein a slot is provided at least on the circumferential outer edge, in which a carrier part engages to fix the further ring electrode.

The toroidal shape can also ge by two circular, against each other directed half-gates be formed, the edges of which face each other and which face each other complement the torus.  

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrodes can be internal half of the first ring electrodes and within the other ring electrodes in the area of the outer edge or in the region of the inner edge.

The electrodes can be U-shaped, the U-shape pairing by 180 ° is wisely offset from one another; they can also be formed from two ring halves, whose radially extending and in the through the central axis of the ring electrodes ring gaps are preferably offset from one another by 90 °.

The electrodes can also be wedge-shaped towards their free end.

Using the drawing, in which some embodiments of the invention are shown the invention as well as further advantageous refinements and improvements gene and other advantages of the invention are explained and described in more detail.

Show it:

Fig. 1 to 3 different three embodiments of a vacuum chamber,

, Lung Fig. 4 to 7 different electrode shapes for the ring electrodes in the kuumkammer Va shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in perspective depicting,

8 and 9 are each a cross-section different by two ring electrodes.,

Figs. 10 to 12 are schematic sectional views through three different exporting approximately form a vacuum chamber, similar to those of Figs. 1 to 3 are constructed and having two movable contact pieces, and

Figs. 13 to 16 different wedge-shaped electrodes.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a sectional view of a vacuum chamber 10. This be sits two cylinder rings 11 and 12 , which consist of ceramic or a corresponding insulating material and with the interposition of a support ring 13 mitein connected, in particular soldered. The free edge of the cylinder ring 11 is closed with a metal cover 14 which is penetrated by a fixed contact stem 15 and with which the fixed contact stem 15 is firmly connected. The free end of the fixed contact stem 15 carries a fixed contact piece 16 , which has a radially arranged, integrally formed on the contact stem 15 ring plate 17 and egg nen on its outer circumference, approximately U-shaped inwardly bent flange 18 , which is flanged towards the lid 14 is.

The free end of the cylinder ring 12 is closed by a second cover 19 , to which a cylindrical tube 20 is fastened, which has at its free end a radially extending ring plate 21 , which corresponds in its radial dimensions to the ring plate 17 and in the same way a Umbör delung 22 bent over to cover 19 is provided.

The pipe piece 22 partially protrudes from the cover 19 and on its free end face a metal bellows 23 is attached, which protrudes into the interior of the tube 20 and is fastened there to a movable contact stem 24 , which contact stem 24 carries a movable contact piece 25 which in , ge in the off state is shown in FIG. 1 so that a vacuum seal is obtained. In the on state, the movable contact piece sets 25 against the fixed contact 1, etc., and moved in the event of opening operation of the between the fixed contact piece 16 and the movable contact piece 25 arc formed outwardly and burns between the ring plates 17 and 21st

The arrangement of FIG. 1 is, therefore, a vacuum chamber with a gap 26.

A shield 27 is attached to the flange-like carrier 13 on its inner edge and surrounds both the fixed contact piece and the ring electrode 28 , which is formed from the ring plate 21 and the flange 22 . The shield is cylindrical and overlaps the contact point or the gap on both sides in a manner known per se.

Between the bellows 23 and the pipe section 20 there is a further shield 29 , which is connected at the point to the movable contact stem 24 , to which the bellows 23 is connected.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 4, two U-shaped electrodes 30 and 31 are shown, of which the electrode 30 is inserted into the flange 18 and the electrode 31 into the flange 22 ; as can be seen from Fig. 4, the open sides 32 of the U-shape installed offset from each other by 180 ° 33.

Instead of the U-shaped electrodes it is also possible to use electrodes according to FIG. 5, which each consist of two semicircles 34 , 35 ; 36 , 37 exist, the free ends of which face one another and are at a distance from one another; From these stands each form a radial gap; when these electrodes in FIG. 5 1 order of FIG at the An. used, then the column are offset by 90 ° against each other ge 38 and 39.

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a vacuum chamber, the same components having the same reference number to illustrate the similarities.

Is different from the arrangement of FIG. 1 in that the distance of the fixed con tact piece 16 is enlarged from the ring electrode 28, so that it can be accurately inserted in the center, another ring electrode 40 between the two. This ring electrode 40 is toroidal and provided on the outer circumference with a circumferential slot 41 into which a holder 42 is inserted, which in turn is carried by a screen 43 ; this screen 43 is formed from two screen halves 44 and 45 , of which the screen half 45 is connected to the support 13 , in the present case is integrally connected to this; the shield half 44 adjoins the shield half 45 and the holder 42 is fastened to the shield half 44 , aligned with the carrier 13 .

In the switched-on state, the movable contact piece 25 is pressed against the fixed contact piece 16 and in the event of a switch-off action, it passes through the white ring electrode 40 so that two arc-guiding gaps 46 and 47 are formed for the arc, in which the arc burns.

In the fixed contact piece 16 , the ring electrode 28 and the further ring electrode 40 electrodes according to FIGS . 6 and 7 can be used. FIG. 6 shows three U-shaped electrodes 50 to 52, corresponding to the electrodes 30 and 31. The U-shapes each have two adjacent electrodes 50 , 51 ; 51 , 52 are offset from one another by 180 °. The electrode 50 is located in the fixed contact piece; the electrode 51 in the further electrode and the electrode 52 in the ring electrode 28 . Instead of using electrodes 50 , 51 and 52 , electrodes 53 to 55 of FIG. 7 can also be used, the gaps being offset by 90 ° in each case, so that gaps 56 and 58 run parallel to one another.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, a total of five gaps 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 and 64 are provided, these gaps being formed by four further ring electrodes. To fix the individual ring electrodes, the cylindrical insulating body 69 is divided into six cylindrical rings 70 to 75 , between which radial supports 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 and 80 are inserted. The free ends of the cylindrical rings 70 and 75 are closed by means of lid 81 and 82, the cover 81 supports the fixed Kontaktsten gel 15, the lid whereas 82 an the cylinder tube 20 corresponding cylinder tube 83 bears, which in comparison to the cylinder tube 20 due Movement that the movable contact piece 25 must travel is extended. In the same way, a bellows 84 is also provided, which is extended compared to the bellows 23 .

A screen 85 is provided on the support 76 , the electrode 65 being fastened to the section 85 a opposite the cover 81 . The electrode 66 is held on the carrier 77 and the electrode 67 on the carrier 79 , the gap 62 between the electrodes being surrounded by a second screen 86 . The carrier 77 together with a carrier section 77 a serves as a shield for the gap 61 . In the same manner, the carrier part 79 a, which forms a part with the carrier 79 , serves as a shield for the gap 63 . A screen 90 is attached to the support 80 , which carries the electrode 68 and serves as a screen for the gap 64 . Thereby leaving the gap 64 metal vapors may not gen the cylinder ring 75 verunreini at an opening operation, an inverted, approximately donut-shaped shield member 80 a is formed on the carrier 80, trode on which in turn the screen 90 and the support member 90 for the Elek 68 is attached.

In a similar way to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, electrodes can again be inserted into the individual ring electrodes which correspond to the electrodes according to FIGS. 4 to 7. The assignment of the individual column or the open side of the U-shapes corresponds to their assignment in the vacuum chambers of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show two different ring electrodes in cross section. The ring electrode 100 of FIG. 8 consists of two half-gates 101 and 102 which are oval in cross-section, the edges of which are spaced from one another, which results in a slotted torus; a shield or a corresponding carrier can be connected to the outer edge 103 , and within the ring electrode 100 in the vicinity of the outer edge are the electrodes 104 , which correspond to the electrodes according to FIGS . 1 to 7.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, the ring electrode 110 consists of two half-gates 111 and 112 , and the electrodes 113 are located on the inner circumferential surface of the elliptical torus shape.

Figs. 10 to 12 show the vacuum chambers, which are very similar to those of Figs. 1 to 3. The only difference is that not a fixed contact piece and a movable contact piece, but two movable contact pieces are provided, the contact arrangements lying in the drawing in FIGS . 10 to 12 above being marked with an apostrophe to illustrate the similarity. Thus, for example, 24 corresponds to the contact stem of the contact stem 24 ', the contact piece 25, the contact piece 25', etc.

. In the embodiment of Figure 10 is the contact point of the two be moveable contact pieces 25, 25 'in the range of the gap between the ring electrodes 22, 22'; the closed contact point is located in the embodiment of Fig. 11 inner half of the ring electrode 40 and in the embodiment of Fig. 12 within the range of the gap 62nd

It should be noted that even versions with more than five Columns are conceivable.

Figs. 13 to 16 show different electrodes. In Fig. 13, two U-shaped oppositely directed electrodes 130, 131 shown, the U-shape is directed against one another and in each case by a straight ridge 132, 133 and two straight legs 134, 135; 136 , 137 , which are perpendicular to the webs 132 and 133 , are formed ge. The legs 134 to 137 are tapered towards the free end.

. In the embodiment of Figure 14 correspond to the semi-circular half-rings formed of two electrodes 34, 35; 36 , 37 ( FIG. 5) the U-shaped electrodes 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , which face one another with their free leg ends; the U-shapes are angular and perpendicular to each other so that they are offset by 90 °.

The electrodes according to FIG. 13 are intended for a chamber according to FIGS. 1 and 10; The electrodes 150 , 151 and 152 shown in FIG. 15 are intended for a vacuum chamber according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 11.

Figs. 16 shows three superimposed pairs of electrodes 160, 161 and 162, whereby the individual pairs of electrodes of the electrode pairs 140, 141; 142 , 143 correspond; the electrode pairs of Fig. 14 are in a vacuum chamber of FIG. 1 or FIG. 10 and the electrode pairs 160 to 162 of Fig. 16 are used in a vacuum circuit umkammer shown in FIGS. 2 and 11.

If there is more than one ring electrode, more than three electrodes or Electrode pairs are provided.

The electrodes according to FIGS. 4 to 7 and 13 to 16 are used to generate the axial magnetic field to form a diffuse arc and consist, for. B. made of iron.

Claims (16)

1. vacuum chamber, with an at least one ausgebil as a cylinder ring, made of electrically insulating material, preferably made of ceramic insulating tube, which is closed on both soils with a lid, with at least one attached to a movable contact stem movable contact piece with one another contact stem attached further contact piece cooperates and thus forms a contact point, with a bellows closing the vacuum chamber from between the adjacent cover and the contact stem carrying the at least one movable contact piece, and with at least one shield surrounding at least the contact point, characterized in that each Contact piece in its switch-off position is assigned a first ring electrode surrounding the contact piece and that each ring electrode is assigned an axial magnetic field generating electrodes. 2. Vacuum chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that between at least one further stationary ring electrode is provided for the ring electrodes, the at least one movable contact stem with the associated movable Chen contact piece is at least partially penetrated. 3. Vacuum chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that each further Ring electrode is held by a screen with one between two cylinders the brazed support is held. 4. Vacuum chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that the individual Nuts also serve as screens for the neighboring column.   5. Vacuum chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that first ring electrode attached to one with the adjacent lid Support cylinder is attached, which is penetrated by the movable contact stem, the bellows attached to the support cylinder and to the movable contact stem is. 6. Vacuum chamber according to claim 5, with a fixed contact stem and a fixed contact piece, characterized in that also on the fixed standing contact piece attached a first ring electrode, in particular molded is. 7. Vacuum chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that the contact place two contact pieces that can be moved in the opposite direction to switch off having. 8. Vacuum chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that for formation the first ring electrode on the fixed contact piece or on the fixed con clock stem a radial ring plate and a molded on to the stationary Contact stems bent flanging is provided, the flanging in the direction is flanged which is opposite to the movable contact piece. 9. Vacuum chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that the two Movable contact pieces associated first ring electrodes from a likewise radial ring plate and a molded, in the opposite direction jumping flanges are formed. 10. Vacuum chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that each further ring electrode is toroidal with preferably an elliptical radial cross-section is formed, at least on the circumferential outside edge a slot is provided in which a carrier part for fixing the further ring electrode engages.   11. Vacuum chamber according to claim 10, characterized in that the to rusform is formed by two circular half-gates facing each other, de to point towards each other and that complement each other to form the torus. 12. Vacuum chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the electrodes within the first ring electrodes and the others Ring electrodes in the area of the outer edge or in the area of the inner edge are arranged. 13. Vacuum chamber according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in net that the electrodes are U-shaped, the U-shape by 180 ° pair is wisely offset from each other. 14. Vacuum chamber according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in net that the electrodes are each formed from two ring halves, the radially extending and lying in the plane running through the central axis of the ring electrodes Annular gaps are preferably offset from one another by 90 °. 15. Vacuum chamber according to claim 14, characterized in that the ring halves are U-shaped. 16. Vacuum chamber according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized records that the electrodes are wedge-shaped, the free ends of the U-shapes or semicircular shapes are tapered.