DE19909233A1 - Adjusting drive to swivel car's rear view mirror about at least one pivot axis - Google Patents

Abstract

An adjusting drive to swivel a car's rear view mirror about at least one pivot axis has a support or housing part for the pivoting support of a mirror glass carrier plus at least one drive motor whose rotor is coupled to the glass carrier via a gearbox and an adjusting element. At least one drive motor (1) is designed for a swiveling speed of the mirror (31) of about 2-5 degrees per sec and an adjusting torque of at least 40 newton-centimetres at a speed in the range 50-300 rpm, being drivable without mechanical commutation. The rotor (13) of the drive motor(s) is at least partially permanently magnetic. The stator (2) of the drive motor(s), provided with a winding (11), is rigidly fixed to the support or housing part (40) of the adjusting drive. The step-down ratio of the gearbox(es) lies between 600 and 1000. The adjusting element is a spindle (28), a toothed rod or a geared wheel segment.

Description

The invention relates to an actuator for pivoting a motor vehicle rear view mirror at least one pivot axis, with a support or housing part for the pivotable mounting of a mirror glass support and with at least one Drive motor, the rotor via a reduction gear and an adjusting element is geared coupled to the mirror glass support.

DE-OS 197 28 142 A1 describes an actuator for pivoting motor vehicle Rearview mirrors etc. are known, in which at least one flat armature motor and one Spindle drive are provided. By the torque required to achieve necessary for the adjustment of the mirror large diameter of the rotor are Dimensions of the drive motor are relatively large. Because the spindle of the spindle drive arranged in the center of the flat armature motor is also the distance of the spindle, which acts directly on the actuator, relatively large from the edge of the housing part. Therefore, it must Drive housing are oversized to the required torque to reach. Another disadvantage of flat armature motors is that they have over Brushes have to be mechanically commutated, so you can clearly hear them during operation Brushing noises, furthermore the service life is due to the mechanical Commutation limited. Another disadvantage is that a memory version only can be realized by an additional position determination device.

The object of the present invention is therefore an actuator according to the preamble of claim 1 to the extent that this with a small space and high Service life works almost noiselessly and still the required adjustment torques achieved at the required adjustment speed and vibration-damped mirrors and manual adjustment is possible without slip or overload clutches.

This object is achieved in that at least one drive motor a pivoting speed of the mirror of approx. 2 ° / s to 5 ° / s and one Adjustment torque of at least 40 Ncm to a speed in the range between 50 and 300 U / min designed and can be operated without mechanical commutation, the rotor of the  at least one drive motor is at least partially permanently magnetic, with a Winding stator of the at least one drive motor fixed to the support or Housing part of the actuator is connected, the reduction ratio of at least a reduction gear between 600 and 1000 and the adjusting element Spindle, a rack or a gear segment.

The adjustment speed is optimal for the range between 2 ° / s to 5 ° / s remote controlled adjustment of the mirror suitable. The adjustment torque must be at least 40 Ncm in order to be able to safely adjust vibration-damped mirrors. The low one The speed of the drive motor means that hardly any engine noises are emitted. There the rotor is at least partially permanent magnet and the stators provided with a winding, mechanical commutation can be dispensed with be, whereby the life of the drive motors can be extended significantly. The low gear reduction ratio and the use of spindles, Racks or gear segments as adjusting elements allow the mirror to be operated manually to be operated without a slip or locking clutch having to be provided. By the manual actuation then turns the rotor of the drive motor back. Here the drive motor acts as a generator, with voltage pulses induced in the winding become. These pulses can be evaluated by electronics, which means that Relative movement of the mirror can be determined and the mirror in the original position is traceable.

A second solution of the invention is achieved in that the at least one Drive motor can be operated without mechanical commutation, at least its rotor is partially permanently magnetic, its stator provided with a winding fixed to the Support or housing part of the actuator is connected and the adjusting element Spindle is.

The use of a spindle as an adjusting element results in a special one compact drive design.

A third solution of the invention is achieved in that the at least one Drive motor can be operated without mechanical commutation, at least its rotor is partially permanently magnetic, its stator provided with a winding fixed to the Support or housing part of the actuator is connected and the adjusting element Rack or a gear segment.  

By using a rack or a gear segment it is possible to use one maximum distance between the point of application of the force and the pivot axis of the To reach the mirror. As a result, the high adjustment torque is particularly low Installation space accessible.

Stepper motors, synchronous motors and are particularly suitable as drive motors electronically commutated motors, with stepper motors having the greatest advantages in terms of of the adjustment torque to be achieved at a low rotor speed. Stepper motors can be designed for higher torques regardless of the rotor speed because these is specified solely by the clock frequency of the control circuit. On a separate one Control for the stepper motor directly in the actuator can be installed in high quality Vehicles are dispensed with, since the mirror drives can be controlled centrally here.

A particularly preferred drive motor is a two-phase motor with at least two soft magnetic stator parts, each consisting of two poles and with a coil, the on a middle part lying between the poles and provided with insulation is wound, are provided, the distance between the inner edges of the poles in corresponds essentially to the length of the coil and a rotor with a magnetic ring, which has a plurality of adjoining pole pairs, so that alternate north and south poles are present. This arrangement is special small angular steps possible.

The rotor is preferably designed such that a soft iron ring also rotates. Through this Measure can be in the center of the rotor a spindle nut or other components be included.

A particularly high efficiency of the drive motor can be achieved by additional poles, which consist of soft magnetic sheets and the same coil are magnetizable, with the additional poles in the area between the main poles are located and so magnetically connected to them that they are in the magnetized state are alternately poled. The additional poles cause a maximum of rotor poles can interact with stator poles at the same time. Depending on the interpretation of the Drive motor, the additional poles could also reduce the magnetic material enable volume.

The optimal use of space is due to the radial arrangement of poles and Additional poles of the stator compared to the rotor.  

A preferred embodiment of the drive motor is that the center lines of the The poles of the stator parts form an angle of approx. 108 ° and the magnetic ring five against each other has subsequent pole pairs. This arrangement enables optimal utilization of the rotor magnet.

Due to the ratio of diameter to height of the rotor of <1, the size can low-profile conditions for actuators for motor vehicle rear-view mirrors can be adapted. Furthermore, the rotor can be designed with multiple poles, resulting in a higher resolution the pivoting movement of the mirror is made possible. Less vibration of the mirror during the swiveling process.

By using a spindle drive is a particularly simple and reliable Gear arrangement given. The adjusting element is then preferably non-rotatable with a gear element of the spindle drive. The rotor can rotate with a nut part and the adjusting element can be designed in the form of a non-rotating spindle. Here can be secured against rotation by a longitudinal groove in the spindle and a non-rotating Anti-rotation element that engages in the groove can be realized.

It is also possible to swap the spindle and nut.

If the rotor with the nut part is non-rotatable, the connection point can be rigid or be articulated. In the case of a rigid connection point, either the rotor be designed to be pivotable, or at another point in the adjusting element additional joint must be built in, which is the difference between the linear movement of the adjusting element and the circular movement of the coupling point of the adjusting element compensates with the mirror glass carrier during the swiveling process. With a swivel Rotor, the air gap between the rotor and stator can expediently be spherical be trained.

It is more economical to make the rotor axis stationary and the nut part to be pivotally but rotatably supported within the rotor.

The spindle drive can be designed to be self-locking, so that a manual adjustment Locking possibility between nut and spindle must be provided. Advantage of this Execution is the simple structure, however, because the entire reduction gear can only consist of the spindle drive. With a memory execution would then have to  however, a synchronization process is carried out with each readjustment or one additional position detection device, such as a potentiometer, can be provided.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spindle drive is not designed to be self-locking, which means that it can be locked and an additional one Position determination device can be omitted. The memory function is thereby fulfilled a pulse counter that changed a manually even when the vehicle was parked Can capture mirror position through the dynamo effect. To the self-locking of the Avoiding the spindle drive is a larger pitch (wedge angle <friction angle) of the spindle and the mother required. In order to increase the motor speed with a larger spindle pitch To be able to maintain an additional reduction stage, for example one Helical gear or planetary gear stage, necessary. When using a planetary gear, can this must be installed inside the rotor.

When using a rack or a gear segment as an adjusting element, it is possible to use only helical gear stages and / or planetary gear stages. By a bevel gear on the adjustment element can, depending on the geometry, move into the main gear axis desired position. By using spur gear and / or Planetary gear stages are not self-locking and the position can can be determined using a pulse counter.

The rotor can be provided with a pinion, which with the reduction gear is coupled.

It is advantageous for the axis of the drive motor to be in a central position of the mirror to be arranged at right angles to the mirror plane because this will drive the drive motor into one for the Assembly of the actuator can be brought to a more convenient location.

As a rule, two drive motors are required, one of which is used to adjust the Mirror serves around a pivot axis.

According to a further feature of the invention, the wound stator parts are fixed to the Drive housing or a drive support part connected, two identically formed Stator parts are provided for each drive motor and the actuator with two drive motors is provided. This enables the actuator to be manufactured economically.  

With a suitable arrangement, two stator parts can also be provided by one stator part with one Coil are replaced, which then has four main poles. That way the installation space is used optimally and the weight of the actuator is minimized.

Another advantageous embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is achieved in that two stator parts are provided, each part of two Drive motors are, so that a total of only two stator parts for the two drive motors are needed. This further reduces the number of parts to be assembled, especially with identical design of these two stator parts.

This is a prerequisite for the one-piece design of two stator parts given that all stator parts are arranged in one plane.

It is also conceivable to provide two drive motors for each adjustment axis, with respect to the intersection of the two pivot axes, arranged opposite are. The actuator can then possibly contain four drive motors. Through this Measure will be a much higher adjustment force with less tendency to vibrate reached. With four drive motors, four stator parts can also form a stator part then has eight poles, can be combined to the number of parts to be assembled to reduce.

It would be even cheaper if the eight stator parts for the four drive motors were replaced by four to replace identical stator parts.

According to a preferred embodiment, an insulating body is for two stator parts provided, whereby the two stator parts in one setting in the winding machine can be wound. The two stator parts can also be in one piece Stator part to be executed.

In a further embodiment of the invention, two drive motors are in Axis direction arranged one above the other. When installing in the area of the intersection of the Swivel axes, a particularly good use of space is achieved because Actuators for automotive mirrors offer the most space in this area, which in many cases however, is hardly exploited. The torque is about in this arrangement Transfer spur gear reduction stages to the adjusting elements and thereby accordingly elevated.  

A particularly simple construction of the actuator is achieved in that only one Drive motor is provided for both adjustment axes. A changeover clutch enables the control of one or the other adjustment axis. Preferably a with the rotor of the drive motor integral or firmly connected pinion in Axis direction moved to switch from one drive chain to the other to reach.

In the drawing, preferred embodiments of the invention are shown.

Show it

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a drive motor,

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the drive motor,

Fig. 3 is a section through an insulating material in the region of a coil terminal means,

Fig. 4 is a section through the insulating connection means in the region of a diode as a coil,

Fig. 5a a perspective view of a wound stator part with additional poles,

Fig. 5b is an exploded view of the stator part of Fig. 5a,

Fig. 6 shows a first embodiment of a stator with two drive motors,

Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of a stator assembly,

Fig. 8 shows a first embodiment of an actuator,

Fig. 9 shows a second embodiment of the actuator,

Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment of the actuator,

Fig. 11, 11a is a variant of the second embodiment of the actuator and

Fig. 12 shows a fourth embodiment of the actuator.

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a drive motor 1 of an actuator for a motor vehicle rear view mirror, consisting of two stator parts 2 a and 2 b, with Poland 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b and central portions 9 a, 9 b, whereby the middle parts are each surrounded by an attachable insulating body 10 a, 10 b, and are wound with coils 11 a, 11 b, coil connection means 12 , which are connected to the insulating bodies 10 a, 10 b, flux guide plates 5 a, 5 b, 6 a , 6 b with additional poles 7 a, 7 b, 8 a, 8 b, a rotor 13 , consisting of a plastic carrier 16 in which a nut part 25 is molded, a soft iron ring 15 and a magnetic ring 14 . The additional poles 7 a, 7 b and 8 a, 8 b are magnetically conductive with the stator parts 2 in diametrically opposite regions between the insulating material body 10 a and 10 b and the poles 3 a, 3 b and 4 a, 4 b a or 2 b connected. This arrangement prevents magnetic short circuits.

Fig. 2 shows a spatial representation of one of the stator parts 2 a without an insulating body and winding, with flux guide plates 5 a and 5 b, which are arranged such that one pole is bridged, the flux guide plates 5 a and 5 b on different sides of the stator part 2 a are arranged. Only part of the magnet ring 14 with alternating poles and the soft iron ring 15 is shown of the rotor 13 .

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a coil connection means 12 , which is designed here in the form of a solder pin 24 , which is arranged in a receptacle 20 .

Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the coil connection means 12 , which is designed here in the form of a diode 17 which is held within the insulating body 10 a. The insulating body 10 a, 10 b are provided with slot-shaped openings 18 , which allows their assembly on the central parts 9 a, 9 b of the stator parts 2 a, 2 b. The openings 18 open into undercuts 19 , which ensure the secure hold of the insulating body 10 a, 10 b.

Fig. 5a shows a spatial representation of the stator part 2 a, which consists of punched packet stator laminations or is held together by pins, the poles 3 a, 3 b, the flux guide plates 5 a, 5 b, the coil 11 a and the coil connecting means 12 . Fig. 5b shows the same components in exploded view.

In Fig. 6 a first embodiment of a stator assembly of the actuator 30 is shown for motor vehicle rearview mirror, with the stator parts 2 a, 2 b and the rotors 13, whose center axes extending on a respective pivot axis 21, 22 are located. The stator parts 2 a, 2 b are of identical design, two stator parts per drive motor 1 being shown.

Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of the stator arrangement of the actuator, wherein two stator parts 41 a and two stator parts 41 b are connected to each other via webs 23 , so that there are two identical stator parts, each with two windings. The stator parts are composed of laminated laminated cores.

Fig. 8 shows a first embodiment of an actuator for pivoting a motor vehicle rearview mirror, with a bearing or housing part 40, a mirror glass support 30, a mirror 31, a hingedly coupled to the mirror glass support 30 adjusting element 29, a drive motor 1 a with the stator 2 a, 2 b, a rotor 13 with a magnetic ring 14 , a nut part 25 which is rotatably but pivotally mounted in the rotor 13 and with the thread of the adjusting element 29 designed as a spindle 28 and the bearing points 42 a, 42 b, which the rotor 13 record rotatably in the support or housing part 40 . The spindle pitch is selected so that no self-locking occurs. A free space 57 in the rotor 13 is chosen so large that a tilting movement between the adjusting element 29 and the rotor 13 is possible with each pivot position of the mirror 31 .

FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which the rotor 13 is mounted such that it can be tilted to a limited extent and with a plurality of snap hooks 43 that form an internal thread and engage in the adjusting element 29 . The pitch of the spindle 28 is dimensioned so that self-locking is present. When the mirror is adjusted manually, the snap hooks 43 snap over the threads of the spindle. A separate position determination device is required for the memory operation, which is coupled directly to the mirror glass carrier 30 . The rotor 13 is connected to the support or housing part 40 via a snap connection 44 . The stator parts 2 a, 2 b are firmly connected to the support or housing part 40 in the example shown, but it would also be possible to make the stator parts 2 a, 2 b and thus the entire drive motor 1 tiltable to a limited extent in order to always maintain the air gap of the drive motor 1 to keep constant. A free space 45 in the support or housing part 40 allows the adjustment element 29 or the rotor 13 to be tracked when the mirror 31 is pivoted.

Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment of the invention with a non-self-locking spindle 28 as adjusting 29th The drive motor 1 is not arranged coaxially with the adjusting element 29 here. The rotor 13 of the drive motor 1 is rotationally fixed to the nut part 25 via one or two additional gear stages 35 , through two spur gear reduction stages. In Fig. 10, two drive motors are arranged one above the other so that their common axis 46 intersects the intersection of the two pivot axes 21 , 22 . The rotors 13 are mounted on an axle 47 which is integral with the support or housing part 40 . Each rotor 13 is in one piece with a pinion 48 , which meshes with a gear 49 . With the gear 49 , a pinion 50 is in one piece, which meshes with a gear 51 . The nut part 25 is non-rotatably but pivotally connected to the gear 51 . The gear wheel 49 , 50 is mounted on an axle 52 which is integral with the drive housing. The gear 51 is mounted on an axis 53 at bearings 42 a, 42 b between two housing parts of the support or housing part 40 . The stator parts 2 a, 2 b of the first drive motor 1 a are connected to the support or housing part 40 and the stator parts 2 a, 2 b of a second drive motor 1 b are connected to the stator parts 2 a, 2 b of the first drive motor 1 a and connected to the support or housing part 40 .

Fig. 11 and 11a shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 9. Polinnenflächen 55 of the stator 2 a, 2 b, and the outer surfaces 56 of the rotor 13 are formed spherically, so that upon tilting of the rotor 13 of the air gap in the region of the poles remains constant. In order to support the rotor 13 so that it can be tilted to a limited extent, it is connected to the support or housing part 40 via the snap connection 44 . The snap connection consists of an annular collar 60 , which is part of the wall 59 of the housing and has the shape of a dome, and an annular groove 61 , which is introduced into a shoulder 39 on the rotor 13 . In order to better guide the adjusting element 29 designed as a spindle 28 on the rotor 13 , the latter is provided with a guide mandrel 54 which connects to the rotor in an area opposite the snap connection 44 . As a result, the snap hooks only have to transmit the axial forces, while tilting by the guide mandrel, which is accommodated in a corresponding central recess 58 in the adjusting element 29 , is prevented. The free space 45 allows the adjustment element 29 or the rotor 13 to be tracked when the mirror 31 is pivoted in the region of the support or housing part 40 .

Fig. 12 shows in a stylized way a fourth embodiment of the invention, in which the adjusting element but a gear segment 29 is not a spindle 39, which is driven b an spur gears 62 by the drive motor 1, the rotor 13 b of the driving motor 1, a pinion 48 having. The pinion 48 is engaged with a first gear 49 which is integral with a first bevel gear 34 . The bevel gear 34 is in engagement with a second bevel gear 37 , which transmits the torque to a third bevel gear 38 . The bevel gear 38 is in one piece with a gear 63 which drives the gear segment 39 and thus the adjusting element 29 . The gear segment 39 is arranged on the outside of the support or housing part 40 and also serves as a friction element and thus for vibration damping. The gear wheels 49 , 34 , 37 , 38 and 63 are mounted in receptacles of the support or housing part 40 (not shown).

Reference list

1

,

1

a,

1

b Two-phase motor

2nd

a,

2nd

b stator parts

3rd

a,

3rd

b Pole

4th

a,

4th

b Pole

5

a,

5

b Flow baffles

6

a,

6

b Flow baffles

7

a,

7

b Additional poles

8th

a,

8th

b Additional poles

9

a,

9

b middle section

10th

a,

10th

b Insulating body

11

a,

11

b Coil / winding

12th

Coil connecting means

13

rotor

14

Magnetic ring

15

Soft iron ring

16

Plastic carrier

17th

diode

18th

slit-shaped opening

19th

Undercuts

20th

Recordings

21

first pivot axis

22

second pivot axis

23

Walkways

24th

Solder pins

25th

Nut part

26

a,

26

b areas

27

a,

27

b areas

28

spindle

29

Adjustment element

30th

Mirror glass support

31

mirror

32

Additional joint

33

Rotor bearings

34

first bevel gear

35

Additional gear stage

36

Reduction gear

37

second bevel gear

38

third bevel gear

39

Gear segment

40

Support or housing part

41

a,

41

b stator parts

42

a,

42

b bearings

43

Snap hook

44

Snap connection

45

free space

46

common axis

47

first axis

48

first sprocket

49

first gear

50

second sprocket

51

second gear

52

second axis

53

third axis

54

Guide pin

55

spherical surface on the stator

56

spherical surface on the rotor

57

free space

58

central recess

59

Wall

60

Ring collar

61

Ring groove

62

Helical reduction gear

63

gear

Claims (39)

1. Actuator for pivoting a motor vehicle rearview mirror about at least one pivot axis, with a support or housing part for the pivotable mounting of a mirror glass carrier and with at least one drive motor, the rotor of which is coupled to the mirror glass carrier via a reduction gear and an adjusting element, characterized in that that at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) at a pivoting speed of the mirror ( 31 ) of approximately 2 ° / s to 5 ° / s and an adjusting torque of at least 40 Ncm to a speed in the range between 50 and 300 U. / min and can be operated without mechanical commutation, the rotor ( 13 ) of the at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is at least partially permanently magnetic, the stator ( 2 a, 11 b) provided with a winding ( 11 a, 11 b) 2 b) of the at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is fixedly connected to the support or housing part ( 40 ) of the actuator, the reduction ratio of the at least one reduction gear ( 36 ) is between 600 and 1000 and the adjusting element ( 29 ) is a spindle ( 28 ), a toothed rack or a gear segment ( 39 ). 2. Actuator for pivoting a motor vehicle rearview mirror about at least one pivot axis, with a support or housing part for the pivotable mounting of a mirror glass carrier and with at least one drive motor, the rotor of which is coupled to the mirror glass carrier via a reduction gear and an adjusting element, characterized in that that the at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) can be operated without mechanical commutation, its rotor ( 13 ) is at least partially permanently magnetic, its stator ( 2 a, 2 b) provided with a winding ( 11 a, 11 b) is firmly connected to the support or housing part ( 40 ) of the actuator and the adjusting element ( 29 ) is a spindle. 3. Actuator for pivoting a motor vehicle rearview mirror about at least one pivot axis, with a support or housing part for the pivotable mounting of a mirror glass carrier and with at least one drive motor, the rotor of which is coupled to the mirror glass carrier via a reduction gear and an adjusting element, characterized in that that the at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) can be operated without mechanical commutation, its rotor ( 13 ) is at least partially permanently magnetic, its stator ( 2 a, 2 b) provided with a winding ( 11 a, 11 b) is fixedly connected to the support or housing part ( 40 ) of the actuator and the adjusting element ( 29 ) is a rack or a gear segment. 4. Actuator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is a stepper motor, a synchronous motor or a brushless DC motor. 5. Actuator according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is a two-phase motor, with at least two soft magnetic stator parts ( 2 a, 2 b), each consisting of two poles ( 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b) and a winding ( 11 a, 11 b), which lies on a between the poles ( 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b) and with an insulation ( 10 a, 10 b) provided middle part ( 9 a, 9 b) is wound, the distance between the inner edges of the poles ( 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b) essentially the length of the winding ( 11 a, 11 b) corresponds to and a rotor ( 13 ) with a magnetic ring ( 14 ) which has a plurality of adjoining pole pairs, so that alternately north and south poles are present. 6. Actuator according to claim 5, characterized in that the magnetic yoke of the rotor ( 13 ) is formed by a rotating soft iron ring ( 15 ). 7. Actuator according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the stator parts ( 2 a or 2 b) with at least two each consisting of soft magnetic sheets and by the same coil ( 11 a or 11 b) magnetizable additional poles ( 7 a, 7 b and 8 a, 8 b) are connected, which are located in the area between the poles ( 3 a, 3 b and 4 a, 4 b) and are magnetically connected to them so that they are alternately polarized in the magnetized state are. 8. Actuator according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the poles ( 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b) and additional poles ( 7 a, 7 b, 8 a, 8 b) of the stator ( 2 a , 2 b) radially oppose the rotor ( 13 ). 9. Actuator according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the center lines of the poles ( 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b) of the stator parts ( 2 a, 2 b) an angle of approximately 108 ° form and the magnetic ring ( 14 ) has five adjoining pole pairs. 10. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b), the ratio of diameter D to height H of the rotor ( 13 ) is <1. 11. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one reduction gear ( 36 ) consists of at least one spindle drive and the adjusting element ( 29 ) is non-rotatable with a gear element of the spindle drive. 12. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rotor ( 13 ) is non-rotatably with a nut part ( 25 ) and the adjusting element ( 29 ) is designed in the form of a non-rotating spindle ( 28 ). 13. Actuator according to claim 12, characterized in that the adjusting element ( 29 ) is provided with at least one longitudinal groove in which an anti-rotation element engages. 14. Actuator according to claim 12, characterized in that the nut part ( 25 ) is rigidly connected to the rotor ( 13 ) and the axis of the rotor ( 13 ) can perform a slight pivoting movement. 15. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air gap of at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is spherical. 16. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rotor ( 13 ) is rotationally fixed with a spindle and the adjusting element ( 29 ) is rotationally fixed with a nut part. 17. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor axis of at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is arranged in a stationary manner and the nut part ( 25 ) is pivotally mounted in the rotor ( 13 ). 18. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the spindle drive is self-locking. 19. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the spindle drive is not designed to be self-locking.   20. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one additional gear stage ( 35 ) is provided in the drive chain between the rotor ( 13 ) and adjusting element ( 29 ). 21. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional gear stage ( 35 ) is a spur gear stage ( 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ) and / or a planetary gear stage. 22. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reduction gear ( 36 ) contains at least one bevel gear ( 34 , 37 , 38 ). 23. An actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that or the rotor (13) at least one drive motor (1, 1a, 1 b) is integral with a pinion (48) is integral with a pinion (48). 24. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of the rotor ( 13 ) of at least one drive motor ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is arranged at a right angle to the mirror plane in a central position of the mirror ( 31 ). 25. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b) are provided, one of which can pivot the mirror by one of two 90 ° to each other pivot axes ( 21 , 22 ). 26. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wound stator parts ( 2 a, 2 b) are fixed to the support or housing part ( 40 ), each drive motor ( 1 a, 1 b) from two identical Stator parts ( 2 a, 2 b) and two drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b) are provided. 27. Actuator according to claim 26, characterized in that the two drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b) have a stator part in common. 28. Actuator according to claim 26, characterized in that the two drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b) have two stator parts ( 41 a, 41 b) in common. 29. Actuator according to claim 28, characterized in that the two stator parts ( 41 a, 41 b) are of identical design. 30. Actuator according to claim 27, characterized in that the common stator part has four main poles, of which two main poles are part of one or the other drive motor ( 1 a, 1 b). 31. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator parts ( 2 a, 2 b, 41 a, 41 b) of one or both drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b) are arranged in one plane. 32. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two drive motors are provided for a pivot axis ( 21 , 22 ). 33. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that four drive motors are provided, two of which are each associated with a pivot axis ( 21 , 22 ). 34. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a common stator part is provided for four drive motors. 35. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the common stator part has at least 8 poles. 36. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plastic insulating body for the winding ( 11 a, 11 b) is provided, the at least one stator element ( 2 a, 2 b) of at least two drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b ) records. 37. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two drive motors ( 1 a, 1 b) are arranged one above the other in the axial direction. 38. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mirror ( 31 ) about both adjustment axes ( 21 , 22 ) is adjustable by a single drive motor ( 1 ). 39. Actuator according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a changeover clutch is provided which engages a rotor pinion of a single drive motor ( 1 ) with in each case one of two reduction gear chains.