DE19907167A1 - Decontamination of soil containing aromatic pollutants, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trinitrotoluene, comprising treatment with spent mushroom growth medium - Google Patents

Decontamination of soil containing aromatic pollutants, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trinitrotoluene, comprising treatment with spent mushroom growth medium

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Publication number
DE19907167A1
DE19907167A1 DE1999107167 DE19907167A DE19907167A1 DE 19907167 A1 DE19907167 A1 DE 19907167A1 DE 1999107167 DE1999107167 DE 1999107167 DE 19907167 A DE19907167 A DE 19907167A DE 19907167 A1 DE19907167 A1 DE 19907167A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
treatment
decontamination
growth medium
trinitrotoluene
soil containing
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Ceased
Application number
DE1999107167
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German (de)
Inventor
Burkhard Kirchhoff
Bernd Schoenfeld
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Weser Champignon Dohme & GmbH
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Weser Champignon Dohme & GmbH
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Priority to DE1999107167 priority Critical patent/DE19907167A1/en
Publication of DE19907167A1 publication Critical patent/DE19907167A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00In situ

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Decontamination of soil containing aromatic pollutants comprising treating the soil with spent mushroom growth medium, is new.

Description

Die Böden vieler Militär- und Industriestandorte sind mit toxischen, aromatischen Verbin­ dungen wie PCB's, PAK's und/oder Nitroaromen wie z. B. TNT verunreinigt. Diese Verbin­ dungen sind chemisch sehr stabil und stellen eine Gefahr für die Umwelt dar. Insbesondere das Grund- und Trinkwasser ist gefährdet. Die mit den o. g. Verbindungen verunreinigten Böden werden zur Zeit in Deutschland durch Deponierung entsorgt oder durch thermische Behandlung saniert. Beide Methoden können jedoch nur für begrenzte Mengen angewandt werden.The floors of many military and industrial sites are made with toxic, aromatic compounds such as PCB's, PAK's and / or nitro flavors such as B. TNT contaminated. This verb Chemicals are very stable and pose a risk to the environment Groundwater and drinking water are endangered. The one with the above Compounds contaminated soils are currently disposed of in Germany by landfill or by thermal Treatment refurbished. However, both methods can only be used for limited quantities become.

Wie dem Fachmann bekannt ist, besteht eine preisgünstige Alternative zur thermischen Behandlung in einer ex-situ oder in-situ Behandlung der verseuchten Böden mit biologischen Verfahren wie z. B. Kompostierung in Reaktoren, Mieten oder Freilandbeeten. Diese Verfahren wurden in den USA schon zur Sanierung großflächiger Rüstungsaltlasten ausprobiert und verliefen hinsichtlich PCB- und PAK-Abbau zufriedenstellend. Die Mineralisierung von aromatischen Verbindungen wie PCB's und PAK's durch die in den Böden vorhandenen autochthonen Mikroorganismen scheint problemlos zu verlaufen, wenn genügend Nährstoffe, z. B. in Form von landwirtschaftlichen Abfällen wie Stroh, Pferdedung, Gülle oder Melasse zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Bei mit Nitroaromaten verseuchten Böden verläuft die biologische Sanierung mit autochthonen Mikroorganismen jedoch nur unbefriedigend. Bei den Sanierungs­ versuchen verschwanden zwar die Nitroaromaten wie z. B. TNT relativ rasch im Laufe der Behandlungszeit; Experimente mit 14C, kernmarkierten Nitroaromaten zeigen aber, daß kein 14CO2 entsteht und man deshalb nicht von einer echten Mineralisierung sprechen kann. Die entstehenden, analytisch nachweisbaren, aromatischen Amine sind ebenfalls stark toxisch, werden aber sehr fest in der Boden- und Humusmatrix gebunden. Diese Schadstoffimmobilisie­ rung ist nur ein Sanierungsteilerfolg. Die erwünschte, vollständige Mineralisierung auch von Nitroaromaten kann mit biologischen Bodenbehandlungsverfahren bisher nur unter Verwen­ dung von Weißfäulepilzen, wie z. B. Bjercanderra adusta oder Pleurotus osteratus nachgewie­ sen werden. Die Bodenbehandlung mit Weißfäulepilzen ist jedoch auf Grund der anspruchs­ vollen Anzucht der Pilzsubstrate kostenintensiv und deshalb nur in Sonderfällen wirtschaft­ lich, vertretbar (siehe U. Schies "Der Einsatz von Weißfäulepilzen bei der on/off site- Sanierung" in "Biologische Bodensanierung" Methodenbuch, Hrsg. K. Alef, VCH Weinheim, 1994, ISBN 3-527-30058-9).As is known to the person skilled in the art, there is an inexpensive alternative to thermal treatment in an ex-situ or in-situ treatment of the contaminated soils using biological methods such as e.g. B. composting in reactors, rents or outdoor beds. These methods have already been tried out in the USA for the remediation of large-scale armaments contaminated sites and were satisfactory in terms of PCB and PAH degradation. Mineralization of aromatic compounds such as PCBs and PAHs by the autochthonous microorganisms present in the soil seems to proceed without any problems if sufficient nutrients, e.g. B. in the form of agricultural waste such as straw, horse manure, liquid manure or molasses. In soils contaminated with nitroaromatics, however, the biological remediation with autochthonous microorganisms is only unsatisfactory. When trying to renovate the nitro aromatics disappeared such. B. TNT relatively quickly over the course of treatment; Experiments with 14 C, core-labeled nitroaromatics show, however, that no 14 CO 2 is formed and therefore one cannot speak of real mineralization. The resulting, analytically detectable, aromatic amines are also highly toxic, but are very firmly bound in the soil and humus matrix. This immobilization of pollutants is only a partial remedial success. The desired, complete mineralization of nitroaromatics can so far only with biological soil treatment methods using white rot fungi, such as. B. Bjercanderra adusta or Pleurotus osteratus be detected. However, due to the demanding cultivation of the fungus substrates, soil treatment with white rot fungi is cost-intensive and therefore only economical in special cases (see U. Schies "The use of white rot fungi for on / off site remediation" in "Biological Soil Remediation" method book, Ed. K. Alef, VCH Weinheim, 1994, ISBN 3-527-30058-9).

Aufgabe der Erfindung war es deshalb ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, das eine biologische Bodensanierung auch des mit Nitroaromaten verseuchten Geländes sicherstellt und weniger kostenintensiv ist als bisher bekannte Verfahren. The object of the invention was therefore to provide a method which is biological Soil remediation also ensures the area contaminated with nitroaromatics and less is more expensive than previously known methods.  

Die Erfindung löste die Aufgabe durch Verwendung von verbrauchten Substraten der Speisepilzproduktion. In Deutschland fallen jährlich ca. 10.000 Tonnen verbrauchtes Substrat der Austernpilzzucht (Pleurotus ostreatus) und über 100.000 t der Champignonzucht (Agari­ cus bisporus) an. Diese Abfälle sind an sich problemlos als Bodenverbesserer und Dünger in der Landwirtschaft zu verwenden, bereiten aber an einigen Standorten auf Grund der Menge, jahreszeitlich schwankend, durch Lagerung und Transport oft doch beträchtliche Kosten. Die Speisepilzproduktionsbetriebe suchen deshalb laufend weitere kostenneutrale Entsorgungswe­ ge für die verbrauchten Substrate.The invention achieved the object by using used substrates Edible mushroom production. Around 10,000 tonnes of substrate used fall in Germany every year oyster mushroom cultivation (Pleurotus ostreatus) and over 100,000 t of mushroom cultivation (Agari cus bisporus). These wastes are inherently problem-free as soil conditioners and fertilizers agriculture, but in some locations, due to the quantity, fluctuating seasonally, but often considerable costs due to storage and transport. The Edible mushroom production companies are therefore constantly looking for more cost-neutral waste disposal facilities ge for the used substrates.

Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von verbrauchten Substraten der Austernpilz- und Cham­ pignonproduktion kann in den dem Fachmann bekannten biologischen Bodensanie­ rungsverfahren wie z. B. aeroben Kompostmieten oder Beeten der gleichen Art stattfinden, wie mit den bisher benutzten landwirtschaftlichen Abfallprodukten (z. B. Stroh, Pferdemist usw.).The use according to the invention of used substrates of the oyster mushroom and cham Production of pignon can be found in the biological soil sanie known to the person skilled in the art approximation procedures such. B. aerobic composting or beds of the same type take place as with the agricultural waste products previously used (e.g. straw, horse manure, etc.).

Versuche mit TNT-belastetem Boden haben gezeigt, daß in Kompostmieten mit ca. 20 Gew.-% verbrauchten Substrat der Austernpilzzucht eine gleichschnelle TNT-Mineralisierung wie mit frisch hergestellten Pleurotussubstrat erfolgt und dadurch eine Ersparnis von mehr als 100,- DM/t Boden stattfindet. Eine Mischung von 20 Gew.-% verbrauchten Substrat der Au­ sternpilzzucht und 20-40 Gew.-% verbrauchtem Substrat der Champignonzucht (Champost) läßt die Abbauraten von TNT, PCB und PAK bei einer entsprechenden Begleitbehandlung deutlich, noch um ca. 20% ansteigen.Tests with soil contaminated with TNT have shown that in compost rents with approx. 20% by weight used substrate of oyster mushroom cultivation with TNT mineralization as fast as with freshly made pleurotus substrate and thus a saving of more than 100, - DM / t soil takes place. A mixture of 20% by weight of used substrate of the Au star mushroom cultivation and 20-40% by weight of used substrate of mushroom cultivation (champost) leaves the degradation rates of TNT, PCB and PAK with an appropriate accompanying treatment significantly, still increase by approx. 20%.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat also gegenüber den bisher bekannten biologischen Bodensanierungsverfahren folgende Vorteile:
The method according to the invention thus has the following advantages over the previously known biological soil remediation methods:

  • a) Verbrauchtes Substrat der Austernpilz- und Champignonproduktion steht in großen Mengen als landwirtschaftliches Abfallprodukt zur Verfügung,a) Used substrate of oyster mushroom and mushroom production is large Quantities available as agricultural waste product,
  • b) Bei vorgesehenen "Landfarming"-Projekten zum Abbau aromatischer Xenobiotika entsteht kein zeitlicher und/oder logistischer Engpaß durch die komplizierte und kostenintensive Anzucht von Weißfäulepilzsubstraten,b) In planned "land farming" projects to break down aromatic xenobiotics there is no time and / or logistical bottleneck due to the complicated and costly cultivation of white rot substrates,
  • c) Durch Mischung von verbrauchten Substraten der Austernpilz- und Champignonzucht können auch großflächige Areale, wie z. B. Rüstungsaltlasten kostengünstig saniert werden.c) By mixing used substrates from oyster mushroom and mushroom cultivation can also large areas, such. B. Armaments contaminated sites inexpensively renovated become.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur biologischen Sanierung von Böden die mit aromatischen Xenobiotika belastet sind, mit an sich bekannten Bodenbehandlungsmethoden, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß verbrauchte Substrate der Speisepilzproduktion als reine Substrate und/oder Gemische solcher eingesetzt werden.1. Process for the biological remediation of soils which are contaminated with aromatic xenobiotics, with known soil treatment methods, characterized in that used substrates of mushroom production are used as pure substrates and / or mixtures thereof. 2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß verbrauchtes Substrat der Austernpilzzucht mit 5-50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mit 15-25 Gew.-% bezogen auf den zu sanierenden Boden benutzt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the used substrate of Oyster mushroom cultivation with 5-50 wt .-%, preferably with 15-25 wt .-% based on the floor to be renovated is used. 3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Mischung von verbrauchten Substrat der Austernpilz- und Champignonzucht im Verhältnis 1 : 1 bis 1 : 5 eingesetzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a mixture of used substrate of oyster mushroom and mushroom cultivation in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 5 is used.
DE1999107167 1999-02-19 1999-02-19 Decontamination of soil containing aromatic pollutants, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trinitrotoluene, comprising treatment with spent mushroom growth medium Ceased DE19907167A1 (en)

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DE1999107167 DE19907167A1 (en) 1999-02-19 1999-02-19 Decontamination of soil containing aromatic pollutants, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trinitrotoluene, comprising treatment with spent mushroom growth medium

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DE1999107167 DE19907167A1 (en) 1999-02-19 1999-02-19 Decontamination of soil containing aromatic pollutants, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trinitrotoluene, comprising treatment with spent mushroom growth medium

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0276479A1 (en) * 1986-12-30 1988-08-03 Klaus Dr. Grabbe Mushroom mycelium-containing fertilizer, and process for producing the same
DE3731816C1 (en) * 1987-09-22 1988-11-03 Pfleiderer Fa G A Process for the degradation of aromatics which are difficult to decompose in contaminated soils or landfill materials with microorganisms
DE4111121A1 (en) * 1991-04-03 1992-10-08 Preussag Noell Wassertech METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATING SOILS, SLUDGES AND / OR OTHER SOLIDS SUBJECT TO XENOBIOTICS

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0276479A1 (en) * 1986-12-30 1988-08-03 Klaus Dr. Grabbe Mushroom mycelium-containing fertilizer, and process for producing the same
DE3731816C1 (en) * 1987-09-22 1988-11-03 Pfleiderer Fa G A Process for the degradation of aromatics which are difficult to decompose in contaminated soils or landfill materials with microorganisms
DE4111121A1 (en) * 1991-04-03 1992-10-08 Preussag Noell Wassertech METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATING SOILS, SLUDGES AND / OR OTHER SOLIDS SUBJECT TO XENOBIOTICS

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Schadstoffe und Weißfäulepilze. In: umwelt & technik 11/90, S.14,16 *
SCHMIDT,Meinolf: Pilze reinigen belastete Böden. In: Umwelt, Bd.19, 1989, Nr.4, April, S.201,202 *

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