DE19902576A1 - Method for collecting, evaluating and checking inventory data - Google Patents

Abstract

Test data for first and second status is related to coordinates. This is collected and transferred into a CAD computer installation. Logical links between first and second status test data are produced. These links are then dimensioned and fed back to a display device, so that logical links for the first status data are represented in a first category and those for the second in a second category

Description

The invention relates to a method for the detection, evaluation and testing of Inventory data in road construction and civil engineering.

State of the art

In Germany, considerable construction work in the area of road and civil engineering carried out. The capture, evaluation and testing of this Inventory data, including all necessary measurement services, cause costs in the amount of up to 10% of the construction sum, of which usually about 50% in the Client and the contractor arise.

Performed services are carried out in accordance with the principles of DIN 18299/18379 - Billing according to drawings - or the VOB / B §2 section 5 - Billing to Allowance - to be calculated.

A billing according to DIN 18299/18379 is currently not in road and civil engineering feasible, since the services actually provided by the planning specifications do not deviate significantly.

The calculations of the performed achievements become today after the Specifications of VOB / B § 2 - Billing according to local, manual measurement - carried out. As a rule, services are provided jointly by the client and Contractor with rolling wheel, measuring tape and folding rule recorded on size sheets, partly with hand sketches, documented. This applies analogously to the calculation of partial services for tenders Although the result is a correct recording of the measured partial power, the method is cumbersome and time consuming and therefore expensive.

A correct spatial allocation of the measured data is only partially possible in the aforementioned form. As a rule, other services such as
Excavation works;
Excavation work;
Under construction. Etc.
be derived.

Since a correct spatial allocation is not possible, the rating performs the material derived from the surface data in the planning phase Errors in the planning and the tenders based on it and after the execution of construction to different views between the client and the contractor.

Planning and tendering errors are known to result in significant Additional costs in the construction. The clarification means controversial conceptions additional expenses for both parties and even higher costs. At an interest rate of 12%, a delay means the final payment at one month 1% shortfall (cost) of the outstanding balance in the Normally about 10-20% of the construction amount.

invention

The invention is based on the object, a method and an arrangement for the standardized acquisition, Evaluate and check inventory data in road construction and civil engineering.

This task for carrying out a method for standardized detection, Evaluating and checking inventory data in road construction and civil engineering is provided by the characterizing part of claim 1 specified features solved. The inventive arrangement is described in claim 8.

Further developments and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent the further claims and the description.

The method according to the invention for the acquisition, evaluation and checking of inventory data comprises the following processing steps:

• Detection of coordinate-related measurement data of a first state;
• - Storing the detected measurement data of a first state in a Data storage;
• - Transformation and transfer of data obtained during the acquisition and stored measurement data in a CAD computer system;
• - Establishing logical connections of the transmitted measurement data of a first condition;
• Dimensioning of the logical connections of the measurement data of a first state; Representation of the logical connections of the measured data of a first state on a display means;
• Acquisition of coordinate-related measurement data of a second state; Storing the acquired measurement data of a second state in one Data storage;
• - Transformation and transfer of data obtained during the acquisition and stored measurement data in a CAD computer system;
• - Establishing logical connections of the transmitted measurement data of a second state;
• - Representation of the logical connections of the measurement data of a second Condition on a display means
• - Preparation of logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state;
• Dimensioning of the logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second second state;
• - Representation of the logical connections of the measured data of the first and second state on a display means such that the logical Connect the first state in a first way and the logical one Connections of the second state are presented in a second way.

By the acquisition of coordinate data, their processing and playback will be a pinpoint spatial allocation of all measurement data both of the first state - original state - as well as of the second state - New condition - with subsequent possibility of data comparison achieved.

With the method according to the invention is further achieved:

• 1. standardization for collecting, evaluating and checking stock data;
• 2. Reduction of recording, evaluation and testing costs;
• 3. Exact performance recording;
• 4. Precise planning principles
• 5. Exact tendering documents

Preferably, the detection based on coordinates by means of electro-optical data acquisition devices.

As far as are available in the inventive method as coordinates official coordinates, so-called Gauss-Krüger coordinates used.

If such official coordinates are not available at the inventive method as coordinates exact, Eimeßpunkte as location points be used for a coordinate system.

For the exact determination for the collection and evaluation of inventory data manually entered data are entered into the CAD computer system and a Plausibility check with the electro-optical data acquisition devices detected Data performed. The manually collected data and, if necessary, the result the plausibility check are preferably on the display means to a third Kind shown.

For transmission and / or backup, the data collected on a Disk saved.

For structuring and for easier evaluation, the measured data can be coded become.

An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention preferably consists of the following components:

• Means for acquiring coordinate-related measurement data of the first and of the second state,
• - Means for storing the at the detection of the first and the second  State gained measurement data
• - Means of transferring the acquisition of the first and the second Condition obtained measurement data in a CAD computer system;
• - Means for producing logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state;
• - Means for dimensioning the logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state;
• - Display means for reproducing the logical connections of the measured data of first and second states such that the logical connections of the first state in a first way and the logical connections of the second state in a second way.

Hereinafter, the invention with reference to an embodiment and the Drawing explained in more detail.

The drawing shows two expansion states old or new with break-coding and data alignment. The following legend has been used:

Thin solid line: edge old
Strong solid line: edge new
Dash-dot line: edge excavation / departure
Dashed line: Dimension line with dimensions
Dotted surface: excavation
Circle with cross: existing manhole cover
99.79 height old
99.83 height new
F01 to F11: measurement or memory codes.

The inventive method consists of the following Processing steps.

Step 1

• 1. 1.1 Electro-optical, coordinate-based acquisition of the old state (3-D);  
• 2. 1.2 Transformation and transmission of measurement data in a CAD computer system;
• 3. 1.3 Making more logical connections;
• 4. 1.4 Dimensioning and Coding in the CAD Computer System;
• 5. 1.5 If necessary, incorporation of further data from other databases

In the first step, a precise positional representation of the measuring points as a floor plan with NN heights (differential heights) of the state before the start of construction (Original state) reached.

The sections assigned to the first step are explained in more detail below.

To 1.1. Electro-optical, based on coordinates acquisition of Old condition (3-D)

Electro-optical measuring instruments are, for example, in Fricke-Richter-Schneider: The Surveyors page 68, chapter 1.481 described.

Electro-optical data acquisition devices are measuring devices - total stations - their Distance and height measurement (3-D) by sighting a reflector and subsequent pulse triggering is performed electro-optically. The measured data are preferably stored in a data memory.

Measurements on coordinate systems means that all measurement data related to X, Y, Z axes are measured.

There are

X - coordinates = position coordinates on the X-axis
Y coordinates = position coordinates on the Y axis
Z coordinates = height coordinates

If all 3 coordinates are recorded in one operation, it is a 3-D Measurement.

The following coordinate systems can be used:  

1.1.1. Own coordinate systems

Own coordinate systems assume that exact, calibration points as Location points of the own coordinate system can be used.

As altitude coordinates can either

official heights of Niv points NN Heights AL = L <known heights of known points imaginary heights of the location points NN Heights AL = L <or the measuring axis be used imaginary NN heights

Height measurements without NN specifications are possible. Here are the Height differences between the individual measured points in the data memory stored.

As exact location coordinates z. B. can be used:

building corners
Exactly definable points on manhole covers.
Precisely definable points on water pipe valves.
Impacted survey nails in surfaces.
Found other measuring points embedded in the surfaces. Landmarks etc.

1.1.2. Gauss-Kruger (GKK) coordinates

Gauss-Krüger coordinates are official in Germany introduced in 1921 Coordinates that grasp the entire earth's surface.

Official measuring points, such as:
polygon points
Save points of the polygon points
Landmarks etc.
are basically determined on the basis of Gauss-Krüger coordinates. Documents about the location of polygon points, their securing points and landmarks are available from the respective cadastral offices.

Advantages of measurements on Gauss-Krüger coordinates:
Measuring points can be restored at any time.

The use of GPS measuring devices - satellite measurement - is basically possible. The later establishment of various data cadastre becomes possible.

Measurements with preferential data acquisition for contracting authorities are according to the invention on Gauss-Krüger coordinates (location) and NN (Height) performed.

In order to be able to perform a later data comparison from several measurements, the following conditions must be met:

• 1. All measurements to a project must be in the same coordinates with the same Einmeßpunkten and the same output levels are made.
• 2. The states found must be exactly recorded in terms of data.

Must be recorded, the data of z. B .:
enclosures;
covering surfaces
On-board and gutter systems;
Installations for water and gas supply;
Fixtures of street lighting;
Built-in power supply;
Built-in communication;
Internals of disposal;
Installations of traffic management;
Locations of trees and larger plants;
Skylights;
Stairways etc.

For straight edges, it is sufficient to detect corner points of surfaces and fixtures. For bows, folds and the like. In addition, the respective beginning, middle and Endpoints (bends), or to detect the break points. Also obvious changes in heights are to be noted.

According to the invention, in principle all measurement data must be stored in a data memory preferably in a data memory of the measuring device - to be stored. Preferably, for certain recurring terms regarding the Type of measured point Measurement or memory codes are used. you have u. a. the advantage that the measurement data for the transfer into the CAD Computer system presorted by code and can be taken over separately.

In addition or as a variant to the codes can be used depending on the Storage medium further descriptions are saved in text form.

It is helpful in any case for further processing in the CAD computer system a situation sketch of the measures to be recorded with documentation and assignment the measurement address or a number sequence of the detected measurement points to make. Alternatively, measuring points with and without simultaneous line connection in be represented further electronic storage media. It is also useful to have additional documentation of the first and second Condition by means of a video recording or photos.

To 1.2. Transformation and transfer of measurement data into a CAD computer system

After local data collection of the original state in the Data memory of the meter stored data CAD-computer system suitable transformed and transferred to the data CAD computer system. For measurements with measuring codes, the measured data can be selected after this coding and after Codes are transmitted separately.

After the acquisition of the measurement data in the CAD computer system are on a screen all measured points with measuring address - depending on  Acquisition procedure also with additional text information - and NN-height - Difference height - displayed as a point visible.

To 1.3. Production of logical line connections

As a rule, after the acquisition of the measured data into the CAD computer system only points, the associated measuring addresses and NN heights (difference heights) are displayed on the screen, in a next step logical Line connections made between the points shown.

Logical line connections are z. B.
Connections between the measuring points of the shelves.
Connections between the measuring points of the gutters.
Connections between the measuring points of the road edges etc.

The result is an exact positional mapping (eg areas, on-board and off-road) Gossenanlagen) of the existing local condition as floor plan with NN Heights - difference heights -. The perspective - bird's-eye view - becomes exact Recognize where there are breakpoints, begin and end bows where Trees, shafts and the like are located.

To 1.4. Dimensioning and coding in the CAD computer system

In the subsequent dimensioning of the surfaces and fixtures are 2 variants in Dependence of the possibilities of the respective client possible.

1st variant

The respective planner or client has its own CAD applications or Can use a non-own CAD applications.

In this case, a Vollgemmaßungen is not required. area sizes can be calculated by CAD according to the principle of boundary lines and lengths using "P Line "o. Ä. Be proved and tested.

2nd variant

The respective planner or client does not have its own CAD application or can not use a non-own CAD application.

Since a CAD test according to variant 1 can not be carried out, as a rule complete measurement must be carried out for testing purposes. The dimensioning takes place in the CAD computer system and must ensure that as exact a result as possible determination of all surface sizes and lengths is ensured.

To the effort for finding partial areas and partial lengths both in the Installation as well as during the test to be minimized according to the invention all encoded and measured part surfaces and internals encoded and used these codings in the calculations.

Examples

Subarea 1 : F 01
Subarea 2 : F 02
HB partial length I: HB 01
Gutter partial length 1 : G (gutter) 01

step 2

• 1. 2.1. Electro-optical, coordinate-based registration of the new condition (3 D method);
• 2. 2.2. Transformation and reading of the measured data into a CAD computer system;
• 3. 2.3. Producing logical line compounds;
• 4. 2.4. Measurement and coding.

In the second step, a pinpointed positional representation of Measuring points as floor plan with NN heights - differential heights - of the finished state - New condition - achieved.

The subsections assigned to the second step are explained in more detail below.

To 2.1. Electro-optical, based on coordinates acquisition of New condition (3-D-method)

The same procedure is used as described in step 1 .

To ensure a later data comparison with the 1st data acquisition, the 2nd data acquisition - status after completion - must be performed in the same coordinate system with the same initial height as the 1st data acquisition (step 1 ).

Sub- steps 2.2-2.4 correspond to sub-steps 1.2-1.4 .

step 3 Clean

In the third step, a precise positional representation of both the original as well as the new state - floor plans - with NN heights - difference heights - in one Drawing achieved.

Explanation: Due to the combined presentation of both floor plans in the CAD computer system, an exact proof can be provided for the following execution services:

• 1. Which surfaces of the original state were recorded? (Start)
• 2. In which areas was which excavation and how deep? (Earthworks)
• 3. Which areas have been regulated? (Difference in NN heights)
• 4. Which existing installations were adjusted by how much height and position changed?
• 5. What are the difficulties such. B. crossing lines where incurred?
• 6. Which fixtures and other equipment of the original state are offset or been removed?

Step 4 Incorporate manual construction site measurements / entries daily reports

The data acquisition according to step 1 and step 2 only visible services are detected. As a rule, construction works also perform services that are required in the substructure or by sewerage measures and can not be detected by means of the electro-optical data acquisition.

Such services are z. B.
Transfer of cables;
Enclosing gutter connections;
Renovation of enclosures;
Line and cable intersections;
other difficulties etc.

These services must continue in manual local measurements be held. These manually measured performances are also in the CAD image - floor plan - to be incorporated. Due to the exact positional illustration The construction measure in the CAD computer system is a plausibility check of manual oversizes possible. Possible errors in manual measurements can be made directly Getting corrected.

example

For the connection of a gutter to a new channel are by manual Surplus 6.00 m pipe length recorded. Due to the exact positional mapping of Construction measure, however, results in a pipe length of 6.20 m.

Step 5 Use of system measurement sheets

For the acquisition of services in the field of sewer construction, the use of standardized system measurement sheets make sense. Specifications about content and form of Systemaufmaßblätter result from the tendering texts used the respective client.

Step 6 Use of daily reports / daily payslip

The use of daily reports is now in almost every construction contract  required. About form and content are only general guidelines made.

Again, more concrete guidelines are helpful and efficient. Generally used forms with the following information:
General Information:
builder;
Object;
Report Date;
Report number;
Weather and temperature information;
Information on personnel size;
Information on the use of equipment;
Information on material consumption;
Text columns for descriptions of services performed during the reporting period;
Orders of the client.

The consequences of these more than general requirements are that in As a rule, only general information is also available for daily reports and are not very meaningful. But just daily reports can be crucial Give indications for rendered invisible services. By changing the Content and form can make it an excellent tool for the Be service recording.

Daily reports should be structured as a form so that as many hints are contained from the outset and must be formulated a little.

Daily reports and daily payslips should have a common form in Be checklist form.

Step 7 Output of plans

All recorded and manually incorporated data must be in the form of Stock plans on a correspondingly large scale (M 1: 100, 1: 200) become.  

It makes sense to make the following plans:
Master plan original condition; without dimensioning and coding
Inventory plan new condition; without dimensioning and coding
Preliminary Billing Plan Departure with dimensioning and coding
Final Billing Plan Departure with measurement and coding
Billing plan New condition with dimensioning and coding
Master plan sewer system;
Billing plan Sewer services with dimensioning and coding

Explanation:
After recording the data of the original state only found surface and internals can be measured and coded. The actual scope of service, however, only arises after completion of the work, see steps 4 , 5 . The proof for the calculation of demolition work during the construction phase must therefore be carried out according to a preliminary settlement plan Aufbrucharbeiten.

Step 8 Transfer of data version 1

The client carries out the measuring work himself or instructs the measuring work.

The inventory of the first state - original state - should preferably already carried out for the execution of planning and tendering work become.

The inventory of the second state - new condition - is after Completion of construction work carried out.

The client provides the contractor (with the execution of construction commissioned Company) the stock data of both the original state and the New condition available as a settlement basis.

Through the inventories and the transfer of the stock data  The company commissioned to carry out the construction work is already in place Defines a billing standard.

Variant 2

The contractor will be contracted to carry out the works obliged to carry out the measurements.

The client has the obligation to provide an exact description of the required Services in the construction contract to anchor.

In principle, all plans are also available on exchangeable data media in the CAD Standard format for data transfer, so-called DXF.files.

Step 9 Variant for interim and interim bills

Similar to the performance record for demolition work can also provide benefits for Manufacturing work can be detected in a simple form. Based on Execution plans (site plans) of the client can use billing grids for Interim or interim invoices jointly between client and Contractor.

Method:
Scan the location plans of the client in the CAD computer system or digitize and postprocess.
Incorporate defined billing grids.
Code raster.
Per billing grid:
Area sizes, on-board and gutter lengths, etc.
via the CAD computer system (P-line or similar).
Document raster data in the respective raster.
Output of an independent plan 2-fold ((x client, 1 × contractor).
Contractor = Floor plan of budget bills
Client = inspection plan of budget bills

Result:
For the preparation of budget bills suburbs are only the completed services by visual inspection to determine and list the corresponding grid entries as a mass determination and attached to the bill.

Elaborate calculations are omitted. The exam is limited to the Review the grid used.

For the application of the method according to the invention the following technical requirements are required:

• 1. Use of electro-optical measuring devices (total stations) with internal or external data memory and measuring accessories (reflectors), such. B .:
  2 - person stations
  1 - person stations (total stations)
• 2. CAD application for data processing
• 3rd edition of CAD plans (plot option)

The advantages of the method according to the invention are for the client in the:
Pinpoint local allocation of all data;
Exact determination of all services performed;
Plausibility check of on-site inspections of non-visible services;
Standardized presentation independent of the respective contractor;
Cost savings due to reduced local measuring times;
Cost savings through reduced test times;
Exact planning basis (when carrying out measurements by the client or a representative of the client);
Exact planning basis for later construction projects (when carrying out the measurements by the contractor);
Data can also be used for the construction of various cadastre without further costs;
Reduction of disputed points with the contractor

For the contractor in the:
Pinpoint local allocation of all data;
Exact determination of all services performed;
Standardized dimension sheets (sewers) of the client;
Cost savings through reduced calculation times (mass determinations);
Cost savings through reduced pre-financing times;
Cost savings due to reduced local measuring times;
Reduction of disputed points to the respective client;
Plausibility check of on-site inspections of non-visible services and, if necessary, correction;
Reduction of the proportion of services not invoiced.

Claims (8)

1. Method for collecting and evaluating stock data with the following processing steps:

• - Coordinated acquisition of measurement data of a first state;
• - Coordinated acquisition of measurement data of a second state;
• - Transmission of the obtained in the detection of the first and second state measurement data in a CAD computer system;
• - Establishing logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state;
• - Dimensioning of the logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state;
• - Representation of the logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state on a display means such that the logical connections of the first state in a first way and the logical connections of the second state are represented in a second way.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coordinates related detection using electro-optical data acquisition devices happens. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as coordinates official coordinates, so-called Gauss-Krüger coordinates used become. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as coordinates exact Einmeßpunkte used as location points for a coordinate system become. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that manually detected Data entered into the CAD computer system that a Plausibility check with the electro-optical data acquisition devices detected Data is performed and that the manually collected data and if applicable, the result of the plausibility check on the display preferably be presented in a third way.   6. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the data is stored on a data carrier. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measured data be coded. 8. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by

• Means for acquiring coordinate-related measurement data of the first and second states,
• - means for transmitting the data obtained in the detection of the first and the second state measurement data in a CAD computer system;
• - means for establishing logical connections of the measurement data of the first and the second state;
• - Means for dimensioning the logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state;
• - Display means for reproducing the logical connections of the measured data of the first and the second state such that the logical connections of the first state are presented in a first way and the logical connections of the second state in a second way.