DE19835183A1 - Protection circuit for accumulator is based on thyristor principle with two transistors that keep each other conducting or not conducting, and protects against short circuit and excessive discharge - Google Patents
Protection circuit for accumulator is based on thyristor principle with two transistors that keep each other conducting or not conducting, and protects against short circuit and excessive dischargeInfo
- Publication number
- DE19835183A1 DE19835183A1 DE1998135183 DE19835183A DE19835183A1 DE 19835183 A1 DE19835183 A1 DE 19835183A1 DE 1998135183 DE1998135183 DE 1998135183 DE 19835183 A DE19835183 A DE 19835183A DE 19835183 A1 DE19835183 A1 DE 19835183A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- conducting
- circuit
- thyristor
- protection circuit
- transistors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
Landscapes
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Akkus koennen grosse Stroeme liefern, sind also potentiell feuergefaehrlich.Batteries can deliver large currents, so they are potential flammable product.
Akkus die aus vielen Zellen bestehen sind auch leicht zu beschaedigen wenn sie zu tief entladen werden.Batteries that consist of many cells are also easy to damage if they are discharged too deeply.
Dann wird die erste Zelle die leer ist oft in die falsche Richtung aufgeladen durch den Strom der produziert wird von den noch nicht leeren Zellen.Then the first cell that is empty often goes into the wrong one Direction charged by the electricity that is being produced from the not yet empty cells.
Darum gilt speziell fuer Ni-Cd- und Ni-Metallhydrid-Akkus die Regel dass sie nicht tiefer entladen werden sollen als 1 Volt per Zelle.That is why it applies especially to Ni-Cd and Ni-metal hydride batteries the rule that they should not be unloaded deeper as 1 volt per cell.
Die hier praesentierte Akku Schutzschaltung bietet eine Loesung fuer diese Probleme, gerade weil die Schaltung in dem Akkubehaelter eingebaut werden kann.The battery protection circuit presented here offers one Solution to these problems, precisely because the circuit in the battery case can be installed.
A Mehrzellige Akku, in diesem Beispiel 12 V
S Schmelzsicherung z. B. 10 A flink (nur wichtig wenn
die elektronische Sicherung fehlt)
C1 Kondensator (elektrolytisch) 0,47 µF
C2 10 nF (nur gegen Empfindlichkeit fuer Hochfrequenzspannung)
C3 1 nF (ebenso)
C4 100 nF (ebenso)
R1 1,5 MOhm
R2 1,5 MOhm
R3 1,5 MOhm
R4 4,7 MOhm
R5 330 kOhm
R6 10 kOhm
R7 0,05 Ohm
T1 PNP Transistor Silicium z. B. BC557
T2 NPN Transistor Silicium z. B. BC547
T3 Leistungs-MOSFET z. B. BUZ11 auf Kuehlblech montiert
Z Zenerdiode die auch bei 3 µA die gewuenschte
Zenerspannung behaelt z. B. ZPD 9,1 V (die meisten
kleinen Zenerdioden sind fuer etwa 1 mA bemessen,
also dies muss geprueft werden)
D Siliciumdiode z. B. 1N4148
A Multi-cell battery, 12 V in this example
S fuse f. B. 10 A fast (only important if the electronic fuse is missing)
C1 capacitor (electrolytic) 0.47 µF
C2 10 nF (only against sensitivity for high frequency voltage)
C3 1 nF (also)
C4 100 nF (likewise)
R1 1.5 MOhm
R2 1.5 MOhm
R3 1.5 MOhm
R4 4.7 MOhm
R5 330 kOhm
R6 10 kOhm
R7 0.05 ohm
T1 PNP transistor silicon z. B. BC557
T2 NPN transistor silicon z. B. BC547
T3 power MOSFET z. B. BUZ11 mounted on a cooling plate
Z Zener diode which holds the desired Zener voltage even at 3 µA z. B. ZPD 9.1 V (most small Zener diodes are rated for about 1 mA, so this must be checked)
D silicon diode z. B. 1N4148
In dem Arbeitszustand leitet T3 und haelt seinen Drain auf niedrige Spannung gegenueber den Minuspol des Akkus (Referenzpunkt) Z leitet und haelt T1 leitend. T1 haelt T3 leitend.In the working state, T3 conducts and keeps its drain open low voltage compared to the negative pole of the battery (Reference point) Z conducts and keeps T1 conductive. T1 keeps T3 conductive.
Wenn ein grosser Strom fliesst leitet T2 und begrenzt den Strom auf einen Wert der nicht schaedlich ist fuer T3. T2 schuetzt T3 auch gegen ein zu grosses Strom.Spannungsprodukt. When a large current flows, T2 conducts and limits it Current to a value that is not harmful to T3. T2 also protects T3 against an excessive current.
Wenn ein (zu) grosser Strom fliesst und nach einigen Sekunden ist T3 noch nicht faehig um seinen Drain auf niedrige Spannung zu bringen, dann sperrt T1 und auch T3. Dann liefert der Akku nur noch einen Strom von ca. 40 µA der durch R5 fliesst. Die Zeitverzoegerung ist notwendig um auch Geraete mit grossen Elkos und Gluehlampen mit niedrigem Widerstand des kalten Gluehfadens betreiben zu koennen.When a (too) large current flows and after some Seconds T3 is not yet able to open its drain bring low voltage, then locks T1 and also T3. Then the battery only delivers a current of approx. 40 µA that flows through R5. The time delay is necessary around devices with large electrolytic capacitors and incandescent lamps low resistance of the cold filament operate too can.
Wenn die Last weggenommen wird von den Anschlusspunkte (+ und -) bringt der Strom durch R5 den Drain des T3 wieder auf niedrige Spannung, Z leitet wieder und T1 und T3 leiten wieder. Die Schaltung ist wieder in dem Arbeitszustand.When the load is removed from the connection points (+ and -) the current through R5 restores the drain of T3 to low voltage, Z conducts again and T1 and T3 conduct again. The circuit is again in the working state.
Mit der Schaltung in Arbeitszustand und eine angeschlossene Last wird der Strom durch Z zu klein werden um T1 leitend zu halten wenn die Akkuspannung unter ca. 10 V herabfallt. T3 sperrt dann und wieder bleibt ein Strom von etwa 40 µA fliessen. Auch wenn der Akkuspannung wieder steigt (unbelastet) bleibt die Schaltung im Schutzzustand. Das wegnehmen der Last wird die Schaltung wieder in dem Arbeitszustand zurueckbringen.With the circuit in working condition and a connected Under load the current through Z will become too small to conduct T1 to hold when the battery voltage drops below approx. 10 V. T3 then blocks and again a current of about 40 µA remains flow. Even if the battery voltage rises again (unloaded) the circuit remains in the protected state. Removing the load will put the circuit back in the Bring back working condition.
In dem Arbeitszustand verbraucht die Schaltung einen Strom von ca. 5 µA.In the working state, the circuit consumes a current of approx. 5 µA.
Das Laden des Akkus kann durch den Anschlusspunkte (+ und -) stattfinden.The battery can be charged through the connection points (+ and -) take place.
Wenn die Anschlusspunkte (+ und -) kurzgeschlossen werden mittels ein Strommessgeraet wird man waehrend einigen Sekunden einen Strom sehen der weniger ist als der Grenzstrom. Das wird dadurch verursacht weil die Schaltung auf Leistungsgrenze des FETs abschaltet.When the connection points (+ and -) are short-circuited by means of an ammeter you become during see a stream less than that for a few seconds Limiting current. This is because the circuit switches off at the power limit of the FET.
Diese Akkuschutzschaltung kann fest eingebaut sein in dem Akkubehaelter, auch bei kleinen Akkus, so dass der Benutzer die Akku nicht ohne Schutzschaltung betreiben kann. Bei Ni-Cd-Akkus will der Benutzer oft die Akku bis zum Ende der Ladung benutzen, um das Memory Effekt zu entgehen. Das wird mit diese Schutzschaltung moeglich. Das Ergebnis ist ein Akku der nur noch durch falsch Laden zerstoert werden kann. Wenn man ein gesichertes Ladegeraet benuetzt, mit begrenzter Strom und automatisch Abschalten des Ladestroms bei maximal zugelassene Ladespannung, hat man ein elektrisch fast unzerstoerbares System.This battery protection circuit can be permanently installed in the Battery container, even with small batteries, so that the user the battery cannot operate without a protective circuit. With Ni-Cd batteries, the user often wants the battery to the end use the charge to avoid the memory effect. This is possible with this protective circuit. The result is a battery that is only wrong Store can be destroyed. If you have a secured Charger used, with limited current and automatically Switching off the charging current at the maximum permitted Charging voltage, you have an almost indestructible electrical charge System.
In das Europaeische Patent Nr. 85300085.9 "Intrinsically safe miner's lamp" wird eine Schaltung praesentiert mit 2 Komparators und einem FET. Hier ist der FET nicht geschuetzt gegen zu viel Leistung, die Steuerschaltung verbraucht viel Strom (einigen mA), und die Abschaltung bei zu niedrige Akkuspannung ist offenbar basiert auf der Gate-Schwellenspannung des FETs. Das bedeutet das diese Schaltung nur geeignet ist fuer Batterien von 3 bis 5 Ni-Cd- oder Ni-Metallhydrid-Zellen. In European Patent No. 85300085.9 "Intrinsically safe miner's lamp "a circuit is presented with 2 Comparator and a FET. The FET is not here protected against too much power, the control circuit consumes a lot of current (a few mA), and the shutdown at too low battery voltage is apparently based on the Gate threshold voltage of the FET. That means this Circuit is only suitable for batteries from 3 to 5 Ni-Cd or Ni-metal hydride cells.
Wie man von einem Thyristor nach die Akkuschutzschaltung
kommt:
Bild 1 stellt einen Thyristor da, mit Gleichspannungs
quelle und Lampe. Der Thyristor ist aufgebaut durch 2
Transistoren und 2 Widerstaende. Es gibt 2 moegliche
Zustaende: Strom fliesst oder Strom fliesst nicht.
In Bild 2 ist die Lampe auf eine andere Stelle in der
Schaltung angebracht. Jetzt gibt es die Moeglichkeit der
Steuertransistor (PNP) viel weniger Strom leiten zu lassen
als der Ausgangstransistor (NPN).
In Bild 3 kann der Steuertransistor noch viel weniger
Strom leiten bei gleichbleibender Ausgangsstrom weil der
NPN Transistor ersetzt ist von einem FET.How to get the battery protection circuit from a thyristor:
Figure 1 shows a thyristor with a DC voltage source and lamp. The thyristor is made up of 2 transistors and 2 resistors. There are two possible states: electricity flows or electricity does not flow.
In Figure 2, the lamp is attached to another location in the circuit. Now there is the possibility of having the control transistor (PNP) conduct much less current than the output transistor (NPN).
In Figure 3 the control transistor can conduct much less current with the same output current because the NPN transistor is replaced by an FET.
Der Zenerdiode und Serienwiderstand (S) in Bild 4 sorgen dafuer dass der umgebaute Thyristor von selbst abschaltet wenn die Spannung der Spannungsquelle unter einen Grenzwert kommt. Die Gate-Schwellenspannung koennte besser nicht dafuer benutzt werden denn der FET soll bei herabsinkender Akkuspannung oder beim Liefern eines grossen Stroms so lange wie moeglich voll offengesteuert sein.The Zener diode and series resistor (S) in Figure 4 ensure that the converted thyristor switches off automatically when the voltage of the voltage source comes below a limit. The gate threshold voltage could not be used better because the FET should be fully open-controlled as long as possible when the battery voltage drops or when a large current is supplied.
T2, R3, R5, R6, R7 hinzufuegen um T3 zu schuetzen, C1 hinzufuegen um zu vermeiden dass die Schaltung zu schnell abschaltet, D hinzufuegen um zu vermeiden dass C1 bei Kurzschluss direkt entladen wird, und man hat Bild 5, die Akkuschutzschaltung.Add T2, R3, R5, R6, R7 to protect T3, add C1 to prevent the circuit from switching off too quickly, add D to prevent C1 from being directly discharged in the event of a short circuit, and you have picture 5, the battery protection circuit.
Gluecklicherweise dient der Strom durch R5 auch noch dafuer um die Schaltung vom Schutzzustand in dem Arbeitszustand zurueck zu bringen wenn die Last abgekoppelt wird.Fortunately, the current through R5 also serves this purpose to switch from the protection state to the working state bring back when the load is disconnected.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1998135183 DE19835183A1 (en) | 1998-08-04 | 1998-08-04 | Protection circuit for accumulator is based on thyristor principle with two transistors that keep each other conducting or not conducting, and protects against short circuit and excessive discharge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1998135183 DE19835183A1 (en) | 1998-08-04 | 1998-08-04 | Protection circuit for accumulator is based on thyristor principle with two transistors that keep each other conducting or not conducting, and protects against short circuit and excessive discharge |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19835183A1 true DE19835183A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
Family
ID=7876415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1998135183 Withdrawn DE19835183A1 (en) | 1998-08-04 | 1998-08-04 | Protection circuit for accumulator is based on thyristor principle with two transistors that keep each other conducting or not conducting, and protects against short circuit and excessive discharge |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE19835183A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012007494A1 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | Magna E-Car Systems Gmbh & Co Og | Overcurrent switch, use of an overcurrent switch and electric vehicle with an overcurrent switch |
US8207702B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2012-06-26 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US10431857B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2019-10-01 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack |
DE10362314B3 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2023-05-11 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. | Lithium Ion Battery Pack |
-
1998
- 1998-08-04 DE DE1998135183 patent/DE19835183A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (16)
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US10218194B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2019-02-26 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US10566810B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2020-02-18 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US8269459B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2012-09-18 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a high current draw, hand held power tool |
US8450971B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2013-05-28 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US11837694B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2023-12-05 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack |
US9379569B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2016-06-28 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US8207702B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2012-06-26 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US9673648B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2017-06-06 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US9018903B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2015-04-28 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US10431857B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2019-10-01 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack |
US9941718B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2018-04-10 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US10886762B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2021-01-05 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
US10998586B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2021-05-04 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Lithium-based battery pack including a balancing circuit |
DE10362314B3 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2023-05-11 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. | Lithium Ion Battery Pack |
US11682910B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2023-06-20 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Method of operating a lithium-based battery pack for a hand held power tool |
WO2012007494A1 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | Magna E-Car Systems Gmbh & Co Og | Overcurrent switch, use of an overcurrent switch and electric vehicle with an overcurrent switch |
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8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licenses declared | ||
8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |