DE19833183A1 - Mechanical and biological processing of ashes for the growth of vegetation uses a prepared input mixture of ashes with a formulated mixture to be mixed with ashes on site - Google Patents

Abstract

Mechanical-biological cultivation of ashes for the production of vegetation growth subtstrates comprises subjecting granular ashes to microbial activity with mechanical homogenizing and ventilation. Mechanical-biological cultivation of ashes for the production of vegetation growth substrates comprises mixing the coarse to fine granular ashes with an input material of a given formulation and containing organic-native and/or organic-anthropogenic materials. The mixed material undergoes microbial activity together with mechanical homogenizing and ventilation, giving a stable development of an aerobic pre-stabilizing. The mixture then undergoes a further metabolic activity with an increased micro-organism population through the development of heat. The treated mixture is added to a given volume of ashes and placed in a layer (10-30 cm) for final aerobic stabilizing. It is given at least one loosening and ventilation.

Description

State of the art information

It is known that according to the technical instructions for recovery, treatment and other municipal waste disposal (TASi); Landfills, dumps, dumps etc. according to their final or temporary decommissioning with a suitable cover / shield are provided to protect the environment against weather-related erosion, Pollutant emissions into the atmosphere and the landfill underground as well Protect settlement phenomena.

A large number of conventional and new equivalent methods are used in literature for the installation of site-specific landfill shielding systems.

The environmental standard of these known landfill shielding systems is both from Environmental hazard potential and the content of landfill deposits as well as from the current orders and regulations of the Closed Substance Cycle and Waste Management Act (KrW- / AbfG; TASi) determined.

Many of these known conventional processes for producing Landfill shielding systems are, however, technologically or environmentally relevant Defective.

Common to almost all processes is that they involve considerable costs.

The high costs of landfill shielding systems result from the complicated structure of the landfill shields required by the legislator and the process technologies used. Significant cost-relevant disadvantages of conventional technologies and processes for the manufacture of landfill shielding systems include:

• - the use of materials produced externally and with high energy consumption (Sealing foils, non-woven fabric, drainage pipes etc.) for the production of water barriers and Protective layers;  
• - the use of native raw materials (sand, clay, gravel, Topsoil) for the production of the leveling layer, the mineral sealing layer and the drainage layer;
• - the application of topsoil as a greenable recultivation layer for the final covering;
• - The high transport costs for everyone involved in the production of the landfill shielding layer used materials;
• - the construction and operation of process plants for the production of plantable recultivation substrates (composts) from vegetative and native Raw materials;
• - The high technological effort (man, machine, materials) for manufacturing conventional landfill shielding according to technical instructions for municipal waste (TASi).

Another disadvantage is that the landfill shielding systems manufactured according to TASi with regard to the need to maintain the security / protective effect poorly over long periods can be assessed, these shielding systems are usually covers acts that do not allow the continued operation of a landfill in the medium and short term and where Malfunctions can only be remedied with very great effort.

Another disadvantage is that it has not been a simple and inexpensive industrial process for the in-situ production of vegetable substrates using suitable inexpensive mineral waste and input materials with organic anthropogenic and / or organic-native ingredients.  

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to create a simple and economical large-scale Process, through a mechanical-biological ash cultivation, for in-situ production a substrate that is compatible with plants and that acts as a green shielding layer for landfills and others Problem areas against weather-related erosion and emissions from Protects pollutants into the environment.  

Solution of the task

The task of a simple, economical, ecological and innovative industrial insitu-Ver continue to develop mechanical-biological ash reclamation, solved according to the invention in that in a first process step (the pretreatment for Mixing and homogenizing the input materials), the relatively coarse-grained ash defined amount of input materials for pretreatment by mixing and homogenizing the Input materials with organic-native and organic-anthropogenic substances is added in succession and then mechanically homogenized.

In a second process step (aerobic pre-stabilization) the homogenized mix from ash and input materials in the form of open rents and through the Metabolic activities of autochthonous microorganism populations of the so-called. aerobic Subjected to pre-stabilization. Due to the inert ash, favorable process parameters and Milieu conditions for aerobic pre-stabilization, such as B. the pH, the conductivity, the Air pore volume, the structure, the moisture content, the mineral nutrients, important Trace elements etc., set.

The microbial degradation process of the readily available organic ingredients in the ash-in Put material mixes run quickly and stably.

In a subsequent third process step (aerobic intensive stabilization) the input material mix implemented, ventilated and the active surface of the mixture increased. The conversion takes place due to the accelerated microbial metabolic process (Mineralization) of high molecular weight organic compounds in carbon dioxide, water, Mineral salts and new biomass. This conversion process is accompanied by a strong one Temperature rise.

In the subsequent fourth process step (aerobic post-stabilization) the previously microbially treated ash input material mix again ash in a certain amount added, then the mixture is homogenized again and aerated and in the form of up to 30 cm high layer spread on the surface and loosened mechanically.  

In this process step, the exponential growth phase of the active microorganism populations and u. a. thereby lowering the temperature of the Input material mixes at ambient temperature.

Surprisingly, it was found that the previously described process of Mechanical-biological-ash cultivation through the defined addition of ash during various process steps in the manufacturing process not to decrease the pH value in the acidic range, odor emissions not or greatly reduced occur, no leachate formation occurred, the microbial conversion process in a shorter than otherwise usual time expires, the formation of humic substances is favored, an optimal Carbon-nitrogen ratio set and at the end of the manufacturing process plant-compatible substrate has emerged, which is highly resistant to weather-related erosion.

It was also found that the process for mechanical-biological ash reclamation ecological and economical, in a natural way, without the usual procedural and technical aids and devices, among those at the location of the Hochhalde in Leuna in the annual average prevailing climatic conditions, can be operated optimally.  

Advantages of the invention

The developed process for mechanical-biological ash reclamation for the in-situ production of a plant-compatible substrate, which is used as a greening shielding layer for the temporary protection of landfills against weather-related erosion, has the following advantages over other processes and technologies:

• - Mechanical-biological ash cultivation is not special process plants required;
• - The mechanical-biological ash cultivation takes place ecologically and economically natural outdoor mode;
• - The ash required for mechanical-biological ash reclamation is to be secured Location available;
• - only mineral and. are used to manufacture the recultivation substrate organic secondary raw materials / waste materials used. This will make the natural Largely spared resources;
• - Protection of the environment by reducing transport costs;
• - Simple and uncomplicated technology for the production of plant-compatible greening substrates according to given input material recipes and Process step sequences;
• - Significantly reduced technological effort for the production of innovative Landfill shielding systems;
• - Substitution of native soil fractions.

Description of an embodiment

The inventive method for mechanical-biological ash cultivation with the Aim of the in-situ production of a plant-compatible recultivation substrate from secondary mines ralic and organic raw materials / waste materials to secure landfills against Weather-related erosion phenomena are described below using an exemplary embodiment will explain and shows

Fig. 1 shows the process scheme used on the Leuna heap for the production of a plant-compatible substrate for the recultivation / protection of landfills against weather-related erosion by mechanical-biological ash recultivation.

Mechanical-biological ash cultivation

According to the task, the temporary extension of the southern extension of the Hochhalde-Leuna against weather-related erosion through mechanical bio logical-ash reclamation a plant-compatible coverable substrate getting produced.

Fig. 1 here shows the sequence of the selected method steps. In the first process step 1, the input materials are mechanically mixed with one another and roughly homogenized according to a predetermined recipe. Mixing and homogenization is carried out with the help of an excavator or overhead loader.

In the present case, the following recipe was chosen for the input material mix:

• - 20 vol% ash;
• - 10 vol% organic compost and / or organic structural material;
• - 70% by volume of municipal sewage sludge.

At the beginning of the second process step 2, the input material mixture using a Excavators in the form of open triangular rents. This is followed by Rent converter an intensive homogenization and ventilation of the rents. At the same time the active surface of the input material mixture is increased.

During the aerobic pre-stabilization, the pH value, the temperature in the core and constantly controls the leachate formation. The process is complete after about 14 days to 4 weeks aerobic pre-stabilization completed. The triangular rents are again with the help of Rental converter homogenized and ventilated. The intensive aerobic stabilization now begins 3. If the core of the rent reaches temperatures of 50 ° C to 70 ° C and over a period of Intensive stabilization is ended for 14 days to 3 weeks.  

Before the aerobic post-stabilization, the triangular rents are again ash in a quantity of 20-30 vol% added, intensive with the already aerobically stabilized input material mix mixed and homogenized.

After that, the input material mix enriched with ash is placed on the bulldozer using the bulldozer distributed landfill surface to be shielded. The humine-rich fine-grained mix of input materials is then in the form of an approximately 10 cm to 30 cm thick layer evenly on the through Greening distributed to the surface to be secured.

During the 3 to 4 week process of aerobic post-stabilization 4, the o.g. Layer loosened several times by cultivating and ventilated. During the Vegetation periods in spring and autumn are greened.  

Keywords

Mechanical-biological ash cultivation, plant-compatible recultivation substrate, Secondary raw materials, recyclates, weather-related erosion, landfill shielding, Input materials with organic-native / organic-anthropogenic ingredients, aerobic Stabilization, space for plants, microbial activity, humic substances, in-situ production, autochthonous microorganism population, technical instructions for recovery, treatment and other disposal of municipal waste (TASi), recycling and waste law (KrW- / AbfG), temporary securing of landfill surfaces.

Claims (8)

1. Processes for mechanical-biological ash cultivation, for the in-situ renaturation and upgrading of solid combustion residues (ashes) of solid fossil fuels and renewable raw materials (wood, straw and dried green waste), which are connected with the production of economic goods and services in the area the industry, energy, alternative energy, the service industry, waste management and agriculture have emerged in a plant-tolerated plantable substrate as a surface covering for the protection of industrial rotation areas, landfills, dumps and various problem surfaces against weather-induced erosion and emissions to the environment, characterized in that in a first process step of a coarse to fine-grained ash according to a certain recipe pretreated input materials with organic-native and / or organic-anthropogenic ingredient In a second process, this input material mixture is rented with the help of suitable equipment / devices and then subjected to stable aerobic pre-stabilization after intensive mechanical homogenization and ventilation through the microbial activities of autochthonous microorganism populations. In a third process step, the aerobic process becomes aerobic pre-stabilized input material mixture after a further intensive mechanical homogenization and ventilation through the metabolic activities of the exponentially growing microorganism populations in this phase are subjected to an aerobic intensive stabilization that proceeds with heat development and in a fourth process step the previously mechanical and microbial effects under thrown input material mixture are again mixed in a defined amount of ash and how mechanically treated in the previous process steps, afterwards the rents are leveled into a 10 to 30 cm thick layer using suitable equipment / devices and during the subsequent aerobic post-stabilization the spread input material mixture is loosened and aerated at least once more, thus creating a plant-compatible, nutrient-optimized substrate suitable for planting. 2. A method for mechanical-biological ash reclamation according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that sewage sludge, sludge, sediment, bio-com poste, mineral structural materials, earthy materials, recyclates, secondary raw materials etc. can all be used with regard to their pollutant levels comply with legal requirements and regulations and according to specified recipes and in a certain sequence with ash from the Leuna high dump to a mix of input materials are processed. 3. Process for mechanical-biological ash cultivation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the following proportions of input materials, based on the dry matter content, can be contained in the mix recipe:

• - municipal sewage sludge within the AbfKlärV greater than or equal to 1% by mass;
• - industrial sewage sludge greater than or equal to 0% by mass;
• - Biocompost greater than or equal to 0% by mass;
• - Ashes of the Leuna high dump greater than or equal to 1% by mass;
• - organic native structural materials greater than or equal to 0% by mass;
• - aggregates for setting an optimal C / N ratio greater than or equal to 0% by mass;
• - mineral structural materials greater than or equal to 0% by mass.

4. A method for mechanical-biological ash cultivation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the microbial process of aerobic stabilization in all Process steps through such properties of the ash of the Leuna high dump as high sorption capacity, a pronounced pH buffering capacity, a large active surface, such as the ability to regulate the water balance as well as nutrient and Tracker supplier is positively influenced and the otherwise known odor emissions are not occur.   5. A method for mechanical-biological ash reclamation according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the in-situ production of the plant-compatible plantable substrate in a natural way without special technical Aids and special process engineering equipment among those at the Leuna site during one year of climatic conditions. 6. A method for mechanical-biological ash cultivation according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the in-situ process for producing a plant-compatible plantable substrate easily with other known conventional and innovative Procedure for securing landfills and dumps against weather-related Signs of erosion and pollutant emissions into the environment can be combined. 7. A method for mechanical-biological ash reclamation according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sequence of mechanical biological effects on the Input material mixture for the production of a plant-compatible plantable substrate one or more process steps can be divided. 8. A method for mechanical-biological ash reclamation according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sequence of mechanical biological effects on the Input material mixture for the production of a plant-compatible, plantable substrate both as an open-air process without special process engineering devices and equipment as well as in partially or completely closed process plants and Production halls can be made at any location.