DE19831127A1 - Prediction-controlled air conditioning system has communications device connected to regulator for specifying demand value, accepting future weather conditions information signals - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a controllable heat source for supplying thermal loads, a regulator (8,12) connected to the heat source and/or loads to regulate the heat output according to a demand value, a communications device (18) connected to the regulator to specify the demand value for the regulator and to accept signals containing information about future weather conditions.. An Independent claim is also included for a building control device and for a method of controlling the operation of building control equipment, such as heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning systems.

Description

The invention relates to an air conditioning system for Heating, cooling and / or ventilation of buildings that allows a largely automated operation.

Heating and air conditioning systems are in the Rule according to parameters and measured in the building possibly still time-dependent. It is with for example from the DE 32 14 473 C2 known, the supply of heat to a Hei control system via a motor-controlled valve. The regulation is based on the measured forward and return flow temperatures and based on a measured volume flow.  

Should the temperature or that with a heating controller Climate in a building area, for example in the living area rich or in business premises, over certain periods be kept constant or a predetermined Temperature profile must follow external disturbances that occur the system act, be balanced. Such disturbances changes in outside temperature can be a problem correspondingly changed heat demand in the opposite direction to have. The amount of heat supplied is regulated based on the recorded room temperature or also based on the Outside temperature, however, result from the heat storage capacity of the heating and the building transition periods in which the desired room temperature is not is precisely observed and / or energy is consumed. The transition processes are particularly in the case of heating with high thermal inertia (heat storage capacity), such as for example underfloor heating and buildings with good Isolation particularly critical. It can be temporary Overheating of the heated rooms are coming. This also applies to other heaters that are always relatively inert are or have a dead time.

Based on this, it is an object of the invention to Air conditioning system, especially a heating system too create with which an energy-efficient operation is possible and adheres to the specified parameters as well as possible.

This task is done with the air conditioning system the features of claim 1, with the device for the building management system according to claim 9, the building Control system according to claim 14 and a method according to Claim 15 solved.

The air conditioning system according to the invention has at least one controllable heat source from a Control device based on current parameters, as with for example, the room temperature. In addition the air conditioning system contains a device for  Processing of forecast information about future ones Weather conditions. The forecast information becomes Specification of a setpoint for the control device tet. The forecast information is about an appropriate one Interface received. In the simplest case, it can Forecast information can be obtained from a barometer. Signals that recognize rising or falling air pressure and therefore contain information about whether rather calm sunny or rather windy weather with be cloudy sky is expected can then serve the Setpoint for the flow temperature of the heating is lower or higher. In the preferred case, the Communication device, however, a receiving device, the well-founded and reliable weather forecast information receives. This forecast information can be information about expected solar radiation, expected air temperature doors, the expected wind, precipitation, fog, air moisture and the like. So the rule gets establishment of both information about current conditions gene, for example with a room temperature sensor, a Outside temperature sensors and other sensors if necessary, as well as about future conditions.

In addition to the controllable heat source, the Klimati tion system also have a cooling device. For example, if the weather strikes overnight from cold windy to sunny warm weather, the heating must do not heat the system to the end and then suddenly open Cooling to be switched, but the heating system can be in time before the expected weather change their performance are reduced, which also cools direction can be switched on later accordingly. Throughout the transition process, this will make Ener saved. This results in an economical safer and more ecological operation, by saving Primary energy. This applies to both air conditioning facilities with cooling and heating as well as for one System that contains only one heater.  

The received from the communication device Data is preferably not immediately the rule device supplied, but previously ver to a value that identifies the setpoint at which the Control device the controlled size, for example the Heat emission from the heat source, regulated. During processing The prediction values can also have values via the Influence the texture of the building. This can ins especially its heat insulation and its heat storage assets and the usual (possibly time-dependent gen) be ventilation conditions. Another influencing factor the thermal inertia of the heater can be what ins special, but not exclusively, with special slow heaters, such as underfloor heating, are important can be.

Especially in buildings with a long reaction time, d. H. Buildings that are still sufficiently warm if the heating has been switched off for a long time, can become significant with the principle of the invention Energy savings and real economic benefits let sieren because with regard to, for example, in a or two days expected outside temperature rises Heating can already be throttled. Something sinking Indoor temperatures can be subjective due to increasing Outside temperatures are perceived as pleasant.

The processing and specification device can before preferably reali on one or more microprocessors be settled. The heater is microprocessing anyway controls, the processing and default device considered part of the programming of the microprocessor or be trained. So it is hardly additional Hardware effort required.

The predictive operation can alternatively start from be switchable if a corresponding control device, for example a manually operated switch ("Ökota  ste "), is provided. If the switch is activated, work if the air conditioning system is predictive, depending on the length of the lead time, which is taken into account, also a loss of comfort most significant energy savings is possible. The Switch interrupts the signal path between the Communication device and the control device. are both in a microcomputer through program sections realized, the switch with the microcomputer ver bound. This then becomes the actuation of the switch such that the setpoint for heating or air conditioning control no longer based on weather forecast but e.g. fixed or based on existing information (e.g. outside temperature) is generated.

The communication device can be a radio receiver as well as a module for receiving wired weather information. For example, the Weather information with extensive radio transmitters or across a network of radio cells the. It can ge with relatively low data rates be working so that a narrowband transmission is possible. According to Art a constantly repeating sequence of data be sent out, the data sequence in fixed time intervals or event-oriented is updated. The Weather information can be differentiated temporally and spatially contain information that makes up each climate system based on your own (saved as data ten) select the relevant information for them animals.

In addition, it is possible to just a few to send weather information at specified times (for example, a few minutes three or four times a day ten), with the receivers tuned to these time intervals represents are.  

The weather information can be both with separate Radio transmitters as well as additional information for existing ones Radio transmitters are broadcast. For example, the Weather information as an additional program of a radio station in the FM range or broadcast as screen text page become. The bandwidth of an FM radio station is considerably larger than for stereo broadcast transmission needed. Narrowband additional information can, for example as modulated on a carrier of 70 or 80 kHz NF band of the radio station are transmitted.

In addition, the information transfer wired, for example via the telephone network, respectively. Here it is both possible from a central office from all participants, d. H. all weather-controlled air conditioning systems in a fixed time rhythm or events to call and transfer the information. Dude The individual communication devices of the Call air conditioning systems to headquarters. In addition to the Direct selection is also the communication via the Internet possible by using the communication facilities automatically on the side of an information provider dial in and the weather information available there load completely or selectively. E.g. can the information regionally differentiated provided and offered who the. The communication device only needs that select relevant information for your location and to download.

With the forecast-oriented management of the heating system can be particularly large heating systems Master dead times well without causing regular vibrations (temporary overheating or cooling of the rooms) is coming. It also makes it possible to adjust the room temperature Adapt humidity conditions. For example becomes an outside air temperature of 5 ° C with high humidity action felt cold while lower Humidity is perceived as less cold. The above  central weather information led heating can on it react by something in damp and cold weather higher room temperature is set.

The weather-controlled air conditioning system can do it also make a significant contribution to avoiding Represent building damage. For example, become a house by the residents in winter in relatively warm weather leave and the heating is set to frost protection, this only begins to heat up when it is relatively in the house got cold. Trending on or in the outer walls Heating pipes can already freeze in this situation his. Ice plugs in the pipes then prevent the circus lation and can no longer even with the heating on defrost easily. The weather-guided heating system Avoid such situations by being timely with Heating begins, d. H. before masses of cold air enter the house have enough.

The weather-guided heating system is advantageous even in buildings without a cooling device. Especially at high Outside temperatures are often perceived as pleasant, if living rooms do not have the usual 23 or 25 ° C, but rather a little cooler. With the weather-guided Heating control this can be brought about by that before the arrival of a high pressure area with very high Outside air temperatures and sunshine the heating is throttled so far that the living spaces at still can cool down a bit in cold weather. If the heating only throttled when the outside temperature has risen it is no longer possible to cool the rooms without a cooling system.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the Invention illustrated. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows an inventive Gebäudeleittechniksy stem, in symbolic overview display,

Fig. 2 shows the structure of a control device of an air-conditioning device according to the invention, standing in Blockdar,

Figure. 3 with a heating system of a residential building weather-guided regulation, in symbolic principle representation lung,

Fig. 4 shows a processing device for processing weather information data and existing information on the local conditions for a default value for the control device of the heating system, in the block diagram, and

Fig. 5 time courses of temperatures and Heizlei stung with and without weather-based control, in simplified simplified representation of the principle.

In Fig. 1, a building control system is illustrated veran, among which a receiving device 1, determines the self weather information or is assigned via a suitable interface. Receive data from a central weather service. Weather data includes information about a weather forecast, that is, predictions about a specified forecast period. This can last one, two or more days. The weather data characterize the expected temperatures, air movements, air humidity in general or for certain forecast areas. The weather information is formatted into corresponding data packets, from which the time and the area for which the sent weather data should be valid emerge. In this way, a transmitting station 2 can transmit a prediction centrally over an area with inconsistent weather, the prediction containing temporally and spatially differentiated information. The recording device 1 can be connected to a central weather station, which provides the correspondingly prepared information. The radio system 2 can be a radio system specially built for the intended purpose or an existing radio system that mainly broadcasts other information, for example radio programs. The weather data can be transmitted on a separate frequency band or as additional information for an existing radio program.

In the transmission range of the radio system 2 there are one or more buildings 3 with a receiving device 4 for weather information. The receiving device 4 is a radio receiver with a suitable decoder for the weather information. The receiving device 4 can have its own antenna or can be connected to a community antenna or a postal cable.

The control of the building air conditioning is connected to the receiving system 4 . This is illustrated in particular in FIG. 2. The building 3 has a climate control device K, which serves to heat and / or cool the building 3 . The Klimatisierungseinrich device K has a control input 5 , at which it receives a control signal for regulating the heat or cold output at its output 6 . The air-conditioning system K is used to air-condition the building 3 , which has a thermal behavior illustrated as block 8 in FIG. 2. This is determined by your own heat storage capacity, insulation, ventilation and other influencing factors. The building 3 receives heat from the outlet 6 of the air conditioning device K, as indicated by a path 9 .

In addition, disruptive factors act on the building 3 , which can be a heat discharge or an energy input, for example due to solar radiation. This is indicated in FIG. 2 by a path 11 . As a result, results in the building 3 _is a temperature t, which is compared detected by corresponding sensors and _to a setting temperature t with a summer 12th The temperature t _{should be} pregiven by a default generator 14 , which receives, for example, manually given room temperatures at an input 15 . This is symbolized by an input arrow 16 . In addition, the pre-generator 14 receives specifications via a corresponding signal path 17 from a communication device 18 which supplies weather forecast data. The communication device 18 receives this via a line network 19 or the radio connection symbolized in FIG. 1 from the transmitting device 2 .

In particular, the building 3 , as illustrated in FIG. 3, can be heated. In the example, a heating system 21 is provided, which has an oil or gas powered boiler 22 as a heat source. Instead of the boiler 22 , however, a district heating interface, for example with direct steam feed or with a steam water heat exchanger, can be provided. The heat source, in the example the boiler 22 , has a control input 23 via which the amount of heat generated can be controlled, for example by regulating the gas flow or, in the case of a steam station, by regulating the inflowing steam. The gas boiler 22 is integrated in a hot water circuit 24 , a feed line 25 leading to a mixing valve 26 . This branches between a heating flow 27 and a bypass line 28 , which leads to a heating return 29 . From this a common return line 31 leads to the boiler 22 via a pump 32 .

Between the heating flow 27 and the heating return 29 one or more radiators 34 are connected, which can be regulated individually via heating valves 35 . These are for example provided with a Thermostatreg ler 36 , which detects the existing room temperature with a temperature sensor 37 and regulates the heating element 34 via a corresponding actuator 38 .

The heating system 21 is controlled by a microprocessor 41 , which is connected to the control input 23 of the boiler 22 via a corresponding signal line 42 . In addition, the microprocessor 41 is connected to a servomotor 44 for the three-way mixing valve 26 via a further suitable output 43 . The control of the pump 32 can also be subject to the microprocessor 41 .

The microprocessor 41 detects the temperature in the flow line 25 via a flow temperature sensor 45 . In addition, it can be connected to an outside temperature sensor 46 in order to record current outside temperature data. If required, ie optionally, further sensors, for example a room temperature sensor 47 , a humidity sensor (not shown) and manual input devices 48 can be provided in order to meet requirements, for example with regard to the room temperature and / or the heating times.

Finally, the microprocessor 41 is connected to the receiving device 4 , which for example receives radio signals from the radio transmitter 2 .

The microprocessor processes the signals received and passed on by the receiving device 4 with an associated hardware and / or software, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 4. First, the signals received by the radio device K arrive on a signal path 51 to a decoder 52 . This filters or decodes individual prediction components from the signals, for example about wind, temperature and humidity for one or more selected periods, for example staggered for the next twelve hours, the next twenty-four hours and the next forty-eight hours. The sorted individual information is passed on to a central module 56 via suitable signal paths 53 , 54 , 55 . This also contains information from a default module 57 . This receives information optionally via an input 58 , for example about the existing building internal temperature or other sizes, such as the current air humidity. The default module 57 provides information about suitable signal path 61 , 62 , 63 , for example about the building insulation, the heat storage capacity and the temperature, the location or other variables to the central module 56 . The default module 57 can have the values stored manually or learned from empirical values about the reaction of the building temperature to switching the heating on or off. In this way, time constants and dead times are saved and available as house characteristics.

The central module 56 is also connected to a real time clock 58 . This can have its own time base (quartz). It is also possible to use the network frequency as a time base. Alternatively, the real-time clock 58 can be a radio clock that receives radio signals from a time signal transmitter. This can broadcast weather signals at the same time. In this case, the real-time clock 58 is connected to the receiver 4 .

The central module 56 has an output 64 , which supplies a temperature setpoint t _soll to the controller, which is indicated in FIG. 4 by a block 66 . This will also receive, for example, the internal temperature t _is required, as well as a further signal path 67, the outside temperature. The controller 66 controls the heating with its output 68 .

The operation of the system described so far is as follows:

It is assumed that, according to FIG. 5, a relatively low outside temperature t _A is initially present at a time zero. The desired internal temperature t _i is considerably higher. Accordingly, a relatively high heating power P is required. At a time "1", there is a significant increase in the outside temperature t _A above the desired room temperature t _i . The rise in temperature of the outside temperature ends at a time "2". If the heating system 21 works without a weather forecast, the heating output is reduced, starting with the rise in temperature at the point in time "1", with cooling being necessary due to the rise in the outside temperature beyond the inside temperature. The heating output is thus negative; a cooling system is switched on.

Due to the post-heating in the temperature rise phase in the period "1" to two "2", the cooling system first runs with increased cooling capacity, which can result in considerable energy expenditure. In particular, it can happen that the cooling system has to work practically against heating devices that still heat up, such as underfloor heating. As indicated by hatching at 71 in FIG. 5, the target temperature can experience a temporary increase.

The situation is different when a weather forecast is used to control the heating or cooling. This case is shown in dashed lines for the heating and cooling capacity P in FIG. 5. At a time interval before the time "1" at which the rise in outside temperature is expected, the heating power P is started to be reduced. In the present example, it is driven to zero. The central module 56 ( FIG. 4) had calculated on the basis of the weather forecast data for the location of the house, the data of the house and specifications for the room temperature that the stored heat was sufficient to cover the period up to to be bridged at the beginning of the temperature rise with possibly only slight temperature losses (temperature profile 72 ). From a point in time "-1" to a point in time "3", which is after the temperature has risen ( 2 ), the system is without power. At time "3" the cooling then begins. Although less energy has been consumed overall, the temperature _curve 72 deviates less from the setpoint t _isoll than is the case with a control system without evaluation.

An air conditioning system K receives information about future weather patterns via a suitable communication device 18 and bases this on the operation of heating and / or air conditioning systems. The weather forecast obtained can also be used to regulate ventilation systems.

Claims (16)

1. air conditioning system (K), in particular heating system,
with a controllable heat source ( 22 ) which serves to supply heat to heat consumers ( 34 ),
with a control device ( 4 , 8 , 12 ) which is connected to the heat source ( 22 ) and / or the heat consumers ( 7 ) in order to regulate their heat output in accordance with a desired value,
with a communication device ( 18 ) which is connected to the control device ( 4 , 8 , 12 ) and which specifies the setpoint for the control device, the communication device ( 18 ) being set up to receive signals which contain information about future weather conditions . 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the air conditioning system has a cooling device has. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication device ( 18 ) contains a processing and specification device ( 14 ) which determines the target value on the basis of the received weather data and on the basis of existing data. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the existing data contain information about the heat storage capacity and the heat losses of the device to be air-conditioned ( 3 ). 5. Plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the processing and specification device ( 14 ) links data about different weather components to determine the default value. 6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication device ( 18 ) contains a radio receiver ( 4 ) for receiving weather data from a weather data transmitter ( 2 ). 7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication device ( 18 ) has a module for receiving wired weather information. 8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the module is real-time controlled only at predetermined Reception times is ready to receive. 9. Device for the building management system, in particular for heating or cooling control, with a transmitting device ( 2 ) which has an interface for entering weather data and is set up to send out the weather data. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the transmitting device ( 2 ) contains one or more radio transmitters that transmit at a predetermined frequency. 11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the transmitting device ( 2 ) transmits real-time controlled at a predetermined time. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized records that the weather data on a radio station in addition to the radio program as additional information on will wear.   13. The device according to claim 1, characterized net that with the air conditioning device (K) Control device, preferably a switch (S), ver with which the setpoint is independent of that of to the communication device (K) formation can be determined. 14. Building management system, in particular for climate control,
with a device ( 2 ) according to claim 9 and
with an air conditioning system (K) according to claim 1. 15. Procedures for operational management of building technology Plants, especially heating, ventilation and / or Air conditioners, being from a signal the expected exterior Indicates conditions, a default signal for operation a technical building is formed. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in net that the default signal additionally from at least a measured quantity is determined, the at least one indicates current influencing variable.