DE19825314A1 - Mutation screening method comprises coupling single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) - Google Patents

Mutation screening method comprises coupling single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)

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DE19825314A1
DE19825314A1 DE19825314A DE19825314A DE19825314A1 DE 19825314 A1 DE19825314 A1 DE 19825314A1 DE 19825314 A DE19825314 A DE 19825314A DE 19825314 A DE19825314 A DE 19825314A DE 19825314 A1 DE19825314 A1 DE 19825314A1
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sscp
dgge
analysis
mutation
gel electrophoresis
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DE19825314B4 (en
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Thilo Papp
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PAPP, THILO, DR., 18057 ROSTOCK, DE
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Thilo Papp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/686Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]

Abstract

A mutation screening method (I), is new and comprises the coupling of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) through the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer with a GC adapter sequence. A mutation screening method (I), is new and comprises the coupling of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) through the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer with a GC adapter sequence, using: (1) SSCP analysis of the nested PCR products (with GC adapters) of all samples; (2) DGGE mutation analysis of the nested PCR products (with GC adapters) plus attached universal GC clamps of all samples showing no mutation signal after SSCP analysis; (3) sequence analysis of the mutations detected by one of the two screening methods; and optionally (4) post-amplification using a universal biotin-labeled sequence primer.

Description

Die SSCP-(single strand conformation polymorphism) sowie auch die DGGE- (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) Analyse wird momentan bei einer Reihe von Instituten zur beschleunigten Erkennung von Punktmutationen (mutation screening) an zahlreichen Genen angewandt. Beide Techniken basieren auf der gelelektrophoretischen Auftrennung spezifischer DNA- Abschnitte, welche zuvor mittels der PCR-(polymerase chain reaction) Technik vervielfältigt (amplifiziert) wurden. Die Mutationserkennung über die SSCP- Analyse in nicht-denaturierenden Polyacrylamidgelen beruht im Prinzip auf der Darstellung von Laufunterschieden der über eine Abschreckung im Eiswasserbad stabilisierten Einzelstränge (unterschiedliche Laufgeschwindigkeit durch geänderte Sekundärstruktur).The SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) as well as the DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) Analysis is currently in progress Series of institutes for the accelerated detection of point mutations (mutation screening) applied to numerous genes. Both techniques are based on the gel electrophoretic separation of specific DNA Sections previously made using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique were reproduced (amplified). Mutation detection via the SSCP Analysis in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels is based in principle on the Representation of running differences of a deterrent in an ice water bath stabilized single strands (different running speed through changed secondary structure).

Die Mutationserkennung über die DGGE-Analyse in graduell zunehmend denaturierenden Polyacrylamidgelen beruht hingegen auf der Darstellung von Laufunterschieden bedingt durch unterschiedliches Denaturierungsverhalten von Doppelsträngen (unterschiedliche Laufgeschwindigkeit durch geändertes Schmelzverhalten). Ein vollständiges Aufschmelzen der untersuchten Doppelstränge wird dabei durch eine obligatorische "GC-Klammer" verhindert. (Bei der alternativ in einigen Laboratorien angewandten TGGE-(temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) Analyse handelt es sich im Prinzip um eine modifizierte DGGE-Analyse, da der Formamid/Harnstoff-Gradient unter Temperaturkonstanz lediglich durch einen Temperatur-Gradienten substituiert wird. Deshalb schließt das beschriebene zu patentierende Kopplungsverfahren eine alternativ zur DGGE-Analyse angewandte TGGE-Analyse mit ein).Mutation detection via DGGE analysis is gradually increasing denaturing polyacrylamide gels, however, is based on the representation of Run differences due to different denaturing behavior of double strands (different running speed due to changed Melting behavior). A complete melting of the examined Double strands are prevented by an obligatory "GC bracket". (With the TGGE (temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis is basically a modified DGGE analysis because of the formamide / urea gradient below Constant temperature is only substituted by a temperature gradient becomes. Therefore, the coupling process described, which is patented, closes a TGGE analysis used as an alternative to the DGGE analysis).

Im Gegensatz zur DGGE-Analyse wird die SSCP-Analyse momentan von der Mehrzahl der molekularbiologischen Laboratorien zur Punktmutationssuche eingesetzt. Dies ist ein Umstand, der sich hauptsächlich durch den relativ geringen Arbeits- und Zeitaufwand der SSCP-Technik erklären läßt. Im Vergleich zur labortechnisch aufwendigeren DGGE-Analyse, erwies sich die SSCP-Analyse, allerdings als weniger sensitiv (geringere Erkennungskapazität für Punktmutationen). Die hauptsächliche Ursache für die bisher relativ zurückhaltende Nutzung der DGGE-Technik, ist wahrscheinlich der sehr hohe Kostenaufwand bezüglich der Primerherstellung. Zur Untersuchung eines spezifischen Genabschnittes, ist nämlich neben den beiden Voramplifikationsprimern (jeweils 20 Basen) immer auch die Synthese eines eingeschobenen Primers (20 Basen) zuzüglich angehängter GC-Klammer notwendig, und diese umfaßt eine Mindestlänge von 40 Nukleotiden. Eine Verknüpfung von SSCP- und DGGE-Technik, verbunden mit dem erklärten Ziel einer beschleunigten Probendurchsatzrate bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung des Mutationserkennungspotentials, wird unseres Wissens nach bisher an keiner Forschungseinrichtung angewandt.In contrast to the DGGE analysis, the SSCP analysis is currently carried out by the Most of the molecular biological laboratories for point mutation search used. This is a fact that is mainly due to the relative explains the small amount of work and time involved in SSCP technology. Compared for the more complex DGGE analysis in terms of laboratory technology, the SSCP analysis turned out to be  however, as less sensitive (lower detection capacity for Point mutations). The main cause of the relative so far reluctant use of DGGE technology is probably the very high one Primer manufacturing cost. To examine a specific gene segment, namely, is next to the two Pre-amplification primers (20 bases each) always synthesize one inserted primers (20 bases) plus attached GC clamp necessary, and this has a minimum length of 40 nucleotides. A Linking SSCP and DGGE technology, linked to the stated goal an accelerated sample throughput rate while increasing the As far as we know, no mutation detection potential has been found in any Research facility applied.

Wir haben ein Verfahren entwickelt, das eine kostengünstige und zeitsparende Analyse mit anschließender Sequenzierung ermöglicht:
Im Anschluß an die Voramplifikation, erfolgt eine Nachamplifikation mit einem eingeschobenen Primer (nested PCR). Dabei ist an den eingeschobenen Primer am 5'-Ende eine möglichst kurze GC-reiche Sequenz (kleiner/gleich 14 Nukleotide) angehängt (Adapter). Dies hat auf die Amplifikationseffizienz des nested PCR Produktes keinen nachteiligen Einfluß. Ebenso ist eine uneingeschränkte Mutationsanalyse des resultierenden Amplifikations­ produktes mittels SSCP-Technik möglich. An die Adaptersequenz kann anschließend in einer weiteren PCR eine universelle GC-Klammer angehängt werden. Dadurch ist nun zusätzlich die Analyse mittels DGGE-Technik möglich. Die Adaptersequenz dient außerdem parallel als Template für einen universellen biotinmarkierten Sequenzprimer (Chemilumineszenz- Sequenzierung) zur endgültigen Charakterisierung der mittels einer der beiden oben beschriebenen Screening-Methoden aufgefundenen Mutationen.
We have developed a process that enables cost-effective and time-saving analysis with subsequent sequencing:
After pre-amplification, post-amplification is carried out with an inserted primer (nested PCR). A short GC-rich sequence (less than or equal to 14 nucleotides) is attached to the inserted primer at the 5 'end (adapter). This has no adverse effect on the amplification efficiency of the nested PCR product. An unrestricted mutation analysis of the resulting amplification product is also possible using SSCP technology. A universal GC clamp can then be attached to the adapter sequence in a further PCR. This means that analysis using DGGE technology is now also possible. The adapter sequence also serves in parallel as a template for a universal biotin-labeled sequence primer (chemiluminescence sequencing) for the final characterization of the mutations found using one of the two screening methods described above.

Strategie und Vorteile der gekoppelten SSCP/DGGE-AnalyseStrategy and benefits of coupled SSCP / DGGE analysis

1. Alle Proben, die über die SSCP-Analyse keine Mutation zeigen, werden einer zusätzlichen DGGE-Analyse unterzogen. Diese Verknüpfungsstrategie beider Methoden erlaubt neben einer maximalen Zeit- und Resourcenersparnis die Detektion von Punktmutationen mit einer annähernd 100%-igen Detektionseffizienz. Neben Punktmutationen können auch Mikrodeletionen und Allelverluste erfaßt werden.1. All samples that show no mutation via the SSCP analysis become one subjected to additional DGGE analysis. This linking strategy of both In addition to maximum time and resource savings, methods allow Detection of point mutations with an almost 100% Detection efficiency. In addition to point mutations, microdeletions can also be found and allele losses are recorded.

2. Die konventionelle direkte Sequenzierung von PCR-Produkten arbeitet mit der DNA aller Zellen eines exzidierten Tumors, von denen jedoch oft nur ein Teil die kritische Mutation trägt (Gründe: 1. Kontamination des Tumors durch Normalzellen wie beispielsweise Lymphozyten oder Normalgewebe aus Blutgefäßen oder Marginalregionen, 2. Tumorsubpopulationen). Dadurch wird das Erkennen latent vorhandener Mutationen oft unmöglich (zu schwaches Signal, nicht abgrenzbar von generell meist vorhandenen unspezifischen Hintergrundsignalen). Sowohl SSCP- als auch DGGE-Analyse erlauben hingegen eine Anreicherung der sich als schwache Bande manifestierenden mutierten Sequenz durch Nachamplifikation. Die danach erfolgende Sequenzierung erhält dann als Ausgangsmaterial nur noch mutierte DNA. Dies bedeutet, daß Mutationen eindeutig nachweisbar werden, was beim alleinigen Einsatz der Sequenzierung nicht der Fall ist.2. The conventional direct sequencing of PCR products works with the DNA of all cells in an excised tumor, but often only one of them Part carries the critical mutation (reasons: 1. Contamination of the tumor by Normal cells such as lymphocytes or normal tissue Blood vessels or marginal regions, 2. tumor subpopulations). This will the detection of latent mutations is often impossible (too weak Signal that cannot be distinguished from generally non-specific ones that are usually present Background signals). Both SSCP and DGGE analysis, however, allow an enrichment of the mutations that manifested themselves as weak bonds Sequence through post-amplification. The sequencing that follows takes place then only mutated DNA as the starting material. This means that Mutations become clearly demonstrable what if the sole use of the Sequencing is not the case.

Das anzumeldende Patent für die Kopplung von SSCP und DGGE bezieht sich auf die Anwendung eines eingeschobenen Primers mit GC-Adapter-Sequenz hinsichtlich der im folgenden beschriebenen Mutationsscreeningstrategie:
The patent to be applied for the coupling of SSCP and DGGE relates to the use of an inserted primer with GC adapter sequence with regard to the mutation screening strategy described below:

  • 1. SSCP-Mutationsanalyse des Nested-PCR-Produktes aller Proben.1. SSCP mutation analysis of the nested PCR product of all samples.
  • 2. DGGE-Mutationsanalyse des Nested-PCR-Produktes plus angehängter universeller GC-Klammer aller Proben, die nach SSCP-Analyse kein Mutationssignal aufweisen.2. DGGE mutation analysis of the nested PCR product plus the attached one universal GC clamp of all samples, which according to SSCP analysis no Have mutation signal.
  • 3. Sequenzanalyse der über eine der beiden Screening-Methoden detektierten Mutationen nach eventuell notwendiger Nachamplifkation unter Einsatz des universellen biotinmarkierten Sequenzprimers.3. Sequence analysis of those detected using one of the two screening methods  Mutations after post-amplification may be necessary of the universal biotin-labeled sequence primer.

Claims (1)

Die Patentansprüche erstrecken sich auf die Kopplung von SSCP und DGGE über die Anwendung eines eingeschobenen Primers mit GC-Adapter-Sequenz hinsichtlich der im folgenden beschriebenen Mutationsscreeningstrategie:
  • 1. SSCP-Mutationsanalyse des Nested-PCR-Produktes (mit GC-Adapter) aller Proben.
  • 2. DGGE-Mutationsanalyse des Nested-PCR-Produktes (mit GC-Adapter) plus angehängter universeller GC-Klammer aller Proben, die nach SSCP- Analyse kein Mutationssignal aufweisen.
  • 3. Sequenzanalyse der über eine der beiden Screening-Methoden detektierten Mutationen nach eventuell notwendiger Nachamplifkation unter Einsatz des universellen biotinmarkierten Sequenzprimers.
The claims extend to the coupling of SSCP and DGGE through the use of an inserted primer with GC adapter sequence with regard to the mutation screening strategy described below:
  • 1. SSCP mutation analysis of the nested PCR product (with GC adapter) of all samples.
  • 2. DGGE mutation analysis of the nested PCR product (with GC adapter) plus attached universal GC bracket of all samples that do not have a mutation signal after SSCP analysis.
  • 3. Sequence analysis of the mutations detected using one of the two screening methods after any necessary post-amplification using the universal biotin-labeled sequence primer.
DE19825314A 1998-06-04 1998-06-04 Procedure for coupling SSCP and DGGE for improved detection of point mutations Expired - Fee Related DE19825314B4 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002034942A2 (en) * 2000-10-23 2002-05-02 Cancer Research Technology Limited Nucleic acid amplification-based methods for the determination of a methylation profile and reagents therefor
US8105782B2 (en) 2000-10-23 2012-01-31 Cancer Research Technology Limited Materials and methods relating to nucleic acid amplification and profiling

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002034942A2 (en) * 2000-10-23 2002-05-02 Cancer Research Technology Limited Nucleic acid amplification-based methods for the determination of a methylation profile and reagents therefor
WO2002034942A3 (en) * 2000-10-23 2003-06-05 Cancer Rec Tech Ltd Nucleic acid amplification-based methods for the determination of a methylation profile and reagents therefor
US8105782B2 (en) 2000-10-23 2012-01-31 Cancer Research Technology Limited Materials and methods relating to nucleic acid amplification and profiling

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