DE19810092A1 - Characterization of diverse range of plastic, food, ceramic and metal foams during their formation - Google Patents
Characterization of diverse range of plastic, food, ceramic and metal foams during their formationInfo
- Publication number
- DE19810092A1 DE19810092A1 DE19810092A DE19810092A DE19810092A1 DE 19810092 A1 DE19810092 A1 DE 19810092A1 DE 19810092 A DE19810092 A DE 19810092A DE 19810092 A DE19810092 A DE 19810092A DE 19810092 A1 DE19810092 A1 DE 19810092A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- foams
- measuring
- formation
- characterization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/60—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/024—Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/0245—Gases in porous solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0251—Solidification, icing, curing composites, polymerisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0255—(Bio)chemical reactions, e.g. on biosensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/048—Transmission, i.e. analysed material between transmitter and receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/388—Ceramics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; rubber; leather
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Schaumstoffen und zur Charakterisierung der Schaumstoffentstehung insbesondere von Polyurethanschäu men während des Schaumbildungsprozesses von der Nukleierung bis zur Aushärtung und/oder Erstarrung der Schaumstruktur mit Hilfe von Ultraschall.The invention relates to a method and a device for analyzing foams and to characterize the formation of foam, in particular polyurethane foam during the foaming process from nucleation to curing and / or solidification of the foam structure using ultrasound.
Derzeit existieren zur Charakterisierung des Polyurethanschäumprozesses noch keine umfas senden und entsprechend genauen Methoden. Mit einem sog. Becher-Versuch wird die Steig höhe des Schaums im Becher als Funktion der Zeit gemessen /1, 2/. Hieraus kann die Dich teentwicklung des Schaums als Funktion der Zeit abgeleitet werden. Über die Messung der Temperaturentwicklung in einem großvolumigen Meßbecher unter adiabaten Bedingungen sind Rückschlüsse auf den chemischen Umsatz und die Treibgasfreisetzung während der Po lymerreaktion möglich /3, 4/. Durch den Einsatz von Rotationsviskosimetern (oszillierend oder rotatorisch) wird der Viskositätsanstieg während des Schäumprozesses abgeschätzt /3-5/.There are currently no comprehensive descriptions of the polyurethane foaming process send and according to exact methods. With a so-called mug test the climb Height of foam in the cup measured as a function of time / 1, 2 /. From this you can development of the foam as a function of time. About measuring the Temperature development in a large volume measuring cup under adiabatic conditions are conclusions on the chemical turnover and the release of propellant gas during the Po polymer reaction possible / 3, 4 /. By using rotary viscometers (oscillating or rotational) the viscosity increase during the foaming process is estimated / 3-5 /.
Insbesondere die Nukleierungsphase zu Beginn und die Vernetzungs- bzw. Erstarrungsphase am Ende der Schaumbildung sind meßtechnisch mit den bisherigen Verfahren noch immer nicht zugänglich. Sie entziehen sich der visuellen Beobachtung, denn in der Nukleierungspha se liegt noch keine sichtbare Volumenvergrößerung vor, und in der Vernetzungs- bzw. Erstar rungsphase ist diese bereits abgeschlossen /4, 5/. Durch die Vorgänge während der Nukleie rungsphase wird aber entscheidend die spätere Schaumstruktur bestimmt.In particular the nucleation phase at the beginning and the crosslinking or solidification phase at the end of the foam formation are still metrologically with the previous methods inaccessible. They elude visual observation, because in the nucleation phase There is still no visible volume increase, and in the networking or starter This phase has already been completed / 4, 5 /. Through the events during the nucleia However, the later foam structure is decisively determined in the development phase.
Die Erfindung geht von der Aufgabenstellung aus, ein Verfahren zu entwickeln und eine Meßapparatur zu schaffen, die es ermöglicht über alle Phasen der Schaumbildung hinweg Informationen über das sich ständig verändernde Material in Echtzeit aufzunehmen und zu sammeln. Hierbei soll ein instationärer Prozeß in seiner Entwicklung über zwei Aggregatzu stände hinweg von den flüssigen Ausgangsmaterialien bis zum festen Schaum in einem Meß vorgang beobachtet werden. The invention is based on the task of developing a method and a To create measuring equipment that makes it possible across all phases of foam formation Record and add information about the constantly changing material in real time collect. Here, an unsteady process should develop in two aggregates stands from the liquid raw materials to the solid foam in one measurement process can be observed.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Verfahren und einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das zu untersuchende Material in eine eigens dafür vor gesehene Meßzelle eingebracht wird, in welcher es von einem Ultraschallsignal im Transmis sionsverfahren durchschallt wird. Die dabei anfallenden Daten werden automatisch einer rechnergestützten Auswertung zugeführt.This object is achieved with the method and a device of the type mentioned solved according to the invention in that the material to be examined in a specially for seen measuring cell is introduced, in which it is from an ultrasonic signal in the transmis sion process is passed through. The resulting data automatically becomes one computer-aided evaluation.
Im Vergleich zu den bisherigen Meßverfahren besteht hier die Möglichkeit alle Bereiche der Aufschäumphase zu erfassen, ohne den Vorgang durch die Meßmethode zu beeinflussen oder das fertige Material zu zerstören. Die durch den Ultraschall eingebrachte Energie ist dabei so zu bemessen, daß eine Beeinflussung der Schaumentstehung (Nukleierung) bzw. des Blasen wachstums vernachlässigbar klein ist.In comparison to the previous measurement methods, there is the possibility of all areas of the To detect the foaming phase without influencing the process by the measuring method or to destroy the finished material. The energy introduced by the ultrasound is so to be dimensioned in such a way that it influences the formation of foam (nucleation) or the bubbles growth is negligibly small.
Es ist eine detaillierte Untersuchung der physikalischen und chemischen Vorgänge möglich, und zwar von der Entstehung bis zum Kollabieren bzw. der Fixierung oder Aushärtung des Schaumes.A detailed examination of the physical and chemical processes is possible from creation to collapse or fixation or hardening of the Foam.
Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Anlage ist, daß Material und Geometrie der Meßzelle sowie die Auswahl der Ultraschallwandler genau auf das zu vermessende System akustisch abge stimmt sein müssen. Als Werkstoff für die Meßzelle wird vorzugsweise Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE, z. B. Teflon) gewählt, da Polyurethanschäume an diesem Material nicht haften und somit eine leichte Entformung des fertigen Schaums möglich ist.An essential feature of the system is that the material and geometry of the measuring cell as well the selection of the ultrasonic transducers acoustically based on the system to be measured must be true. Polytetrafluoroethylene is preferably used as the material for the measuring cell (PTFE, e.g. Teflon) because polyurethane foams do not adhere to this material and easy demolding of the finished foam is possible.
Die Apparatur kann mit handelsüblichen Ultraschallgeneratoren und Ultraschallwandlern be trieben werden. Sie ist von einer Person tragbar, bedienbar und allerorts einsetzbar. Als Signal wird ein sog. Dirac-Stoß (impulsförmige Belastung, die alle Frequenzanteile enthält) in die Meßkammer eingeleitet.The apparatus can be with commercially available ultrasonic generators and ultrasonic transducers be driven. It can be carried by one person, operated and used anywhere. As a signal a so-called Dirac impact (pulse-shaped load that contains all frequency components) into the Measuring chamber initiated.
Es lassen sich unter anderem Materialparameter wie Schallabsorption, Schallgeschwindigkeit, Viskosität und Kompressibilität der Polyurethanprobe ermitteln.Among other things, material parameters such as sound absorption, speed of sound, Determine the viscosity and compressibility of the polyurethane sample.
Über eine gleichzeitige Frequenzanalyse können Rückschlüsse auf die momentane Blasengrö ße und -struktur gezogen werden.Simultaneous frequency analysis allows conclusions to be drawn about the current bubble size shape and structure.
Ferner besteht die Möglichkeit einer Kombination mit Temperatur-, Druck- und Steighöhen messung (zur Dichtebestimmung). There is also the possibility of a combination with temperature, pressure and rise heights measurement (for density determination).
Im übrigen können bei einer Langzeitmessung Aussagen über Alterungsprozesse sowie ein Weiterreagieren der Reaktionspartner noch nach Tagen im Schaum beobachtet werden.In addition, statements about aging processes and a long-term measurement can Reaction of the reactants can still be observed after days in the foam.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstandes der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigt:In the drawing, an embodiment of the object of the invention is schematic shown. It shows:
Fig. I die eigentliche, vorzugsweise aus Teflon bestehende Meßzelle, Fig. I is the actual, preferably made of Teflon measuring cell,
Fig. II die Meßzelle, eingebettet in ein Aluminium- oder Edelstahlgehäuse. Fig. II, the measuring cell, embedded in an aluminum or stainless steel housing.
Fig. III eine komplette beispielhafte Meßanordnung mit Ultraschallschwingern. Fig. III a complete exemplary measuring arrangement with ultrasonic vibrators.
Die eigentliche, aus Teflon bestehende Meßzelle (1) ist zweigeteilt (2, 3). Die Einfräsung (4) bildet den Schallkanal und ist gleichzeitig Aufnahmeraum für den Schaum bzw. die Aus gangsprodukte. In der Trennlinie (5) befindet sich Moosgummi zur akustischen Entkopplung der beiden Gehäuseschalen und zur gleichzeitigen Abdichtung, vgl. Fig. I.The actual measuring cell ( 1 ) made of Teflon is divided into two ( 2 , 3 ). The milling ( 4 ) forms the sound channel and is also the receiving space for the foam or the output products. In the dividing line ( 5 ) there is foam rubber for acoustic decoupling of the two housing shells and for simultaneous sealing, cf. Fig. I.
Der Schallkanal ist derart gestaltet, daß sein Radius (R) genau dem der Ultraschallwandler angepaßt ist.The sound channel is designed in such a way that its radius (R) is exactly that of the ultrasonic transducer is adjusted.
Das ebenfalls zweigeteilte Aluminium- oder Edelstahlgehäuse, vgl. Fig. II, der Meßzelle (6, 7) besitzt beidseitig, gegenüberliegend eine Bohrung, deren Radius geringfügig größer als der Wandler ist. Sie hat den Zweck, daß die Wandler paßgenau von außen auf die Teflonwand der inneren Meßkammer aufgebracht werden können, was eine laterale Justage überflüssig macht, so daß die Wandler sich genau in der Längsachse des Schallkanals gegenüberstehen. Vier Schrauben (9) verspannen und fixieren die beiden Tefloninnenteile mit den beiden Gehäuse teilen. Zwei Durchgangsbohrungen (10) dienen zur Lagerung zweier Gewindestangen (11) für die Wandler-Verspanneinrichtung (12), vgl. Fig. III.The two-part aluminum or stainless steel housing, cf. Fig. II, the measuring cell ( 6 , 7 ) has on both sides, opposite a bore, the radius of which is slightly larger than the transducer. It has the purpose that the transducers can be fitted with an exact fit from the outside onto the Teflon wall of the inner measuring chamber, which makes a lateral adjustment superfluous, so that the transducers face each other exactly in the longitudinal axis of the sound channel. Four screws ( 9 ) tighten and fix the two inner parts of the teflon with the two housing parts. Two through holes ( 10 ) are used to support two threaded rods ( 11 ) for the converter bracing device ( 12 ), cf. Fig. III.
Die gesamte Meßanordnung, vgl. Fig. III, besteht aus der oben beschriebenen Meßzelle, den Ultraschallwandlern (13) sowie einem Ultraschallgenerator (14) und einem daran angeschlos senen Computer zur Auswertung (15). The entire measuring arrangement, cf. Fig. III, consists of the measuring cell described above, the ultrasonic transducers ( 13 ) and an ultrasonic generator ( 14 ) and an attached computer for evaluation ( 15 ).
/1/ Wisinger, G.W. Berechnung des Werkzeugfüllvorganges in der Reaction Injection
Moulding (RIM)-Technik und Abschätzung des Schwindungs- und
Verzugsverhaltens von Reinforced Reaction Injection Moulding
(RRIM)-Formteilen
Dissertation an der RWTH Aachen, 1995
/2/ Kostrzewski, W. Foam Rheometer: Its Principle and Applications
Journal of Cellular Plastics, Nov.-Dez. 1995, p. 424-429
/3/ Maier, U. Auslegung von Werkzeugen zur Fertigung von PUR-Formteilen nach
dem RIM-Verfahren
Dissertation an der RWTH Aachen, 1987
/4/ Macosko, C.W. RIM-Fundamentals of Reaction Injection Molding
Hanser Publisher, Munich, Vienna, New York, 1989
/5/ Macosko. C.W. Simultaneous measurement of viscosity changes and cell opening du
ring processing of flexible polyurethane foam
Rheol. Acta 35, 1996, p. 656-666/ 1 / Wisinger, GW Calculation of the tool filling process in the Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) technique and estimation of the shrinkage and warpage behavior of Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding (RRIM) molded parts Dissertation at RWTH Aachen, 1995
/ 2 / Kostrzewski, W. Foam Rheometer: Its Principle and Applications Journal of Cellular Plastics, Nov.-Dec. 1995, p. 424-429
/ 3 / Maier, U. Design of tools for the production of PUR molded parts according to the RIM process Dissertation at RWTH Aachen, 1987
/ 4 / Macosko, CW RIM-Fundamentals of Reaction Injection Molding Hanser Publisher, Munich, Vienna, New York, 1989
/ 5 / Macosko. CW Simultaneous measurement of viscosity changes and cell opening du ring processing of flexible polyurethane foam Rheol. Acta 35, 1996, p. 656-666
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19810092A DE19810092A1 (en) | 1998-03-10 | 1998-03-10 | Characterization of diverse range of plastic, food, ceramic and metal foams during their formation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19810092A DE19810092A1 (en) | 1998-03-10 | 1998-03-10 | Characterization of diverse range of plastic, food, ceramic and metal foams during their formation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE19810092A1 true DE19810092A1 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
Family
ID=7860240
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DE19810092A Withdrawn DE19810092A1 (en) | 1998-03-10 | 1998-03-10 | Characterization of diverse range of plastic, food, ceramic and metal foams during their formation |
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DE (1) | DE19810092A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10054924A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-23 | Basf Ag | A process for detecting cell holes during foam formation in foam forming substances gives a saving in time and cost in controlling foam material volume alterations |
EP1340977A2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-03 | Bayer Ag | Screening method for making and characterising polyurethane foams |
WO2005083420A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-09 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for non-destructive error diagnosis in composite componenets provided with a metallic or ceramic foam core |
EP1840568A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-03 | ADMATIS Kft. | Apparatus and method for producing and testing of foams |
WO2007122019A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Duna-Corradini S.P.A. | Method for controlling the formation of closed-cell expanded polymers and apparatus |
DE102013217149A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Kuchenmeister Gmbh | Method and device for process control of a plant for the continuous production of foams |
EP3406414A1 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-11-28 | European Manufacturers of Expanded Polystyrene | Method for obtaining an index of conformity of the physical and mechanical properties of foamed materials, in particular of expanded sintered polystyrene |
DE102017215394A1 (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device for measuring and / or detecting a foaming behavior of a foam |
DE102019123298A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Technische Universität Dresden | Method and arrangement for the location-specific characterization of the phase composition and the flow conditions within a foam volume |
-
1998
- 1998-03-10 DE DE19810092A patent/DE19810092A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10054924C2 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2003-10-23 | Basf Ag | Method for detecting the cell opening during foam formation in foam-forming substances |
DE10054924A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-23 | Basf Ag | A process for detecting cell holes during foam formation in foam forming substances gives a saving in time and cost in controlling foam material volume alterations |
US6840124B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2005-01-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Screening process for the production and characterization of polyurethane foam materials |
DE10208952A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-18 | Bayer Ag | Screening process for the production and characterization of polyurethane foams |
DE10208952B4 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-04-08 | Bayer Ag | Screening process for the production and characterization of polyurethane foams |
EP1340977A3 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-05-12 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Screening method for making and characterising polyurethane foams |
EP1340977A2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-03 | Bayer Ag | Screening method for making and characterising polyurethane foams |
WO2005083420A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-09 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for non-destructive error diagnosis in composite componenets provided with a metallic or ceramic foam core |
EP1840568A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-03 | ADMATIS Kft. | Apparatus and method for producing and testing of foams |
WO2007122019A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Duna-Corradini S.P.A. | Method for controlling the formation of closed-cell expanded polymers and apparatus |
DE102013217149A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Kuchenmeister Gmbh | Method and device for process control of a plant for the continuous production of foams |
EP3406414A1 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-11-28 | European Manufacturers of Expanded Polystyrene | Method for obtaining an index of conformity of the physical and mechanical properties of foamed materials, in particular of expanded sintered polystyrene |
DE102017215394A1 (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device for measuring and / or detecting a foaming behavior of a foam |
DE102019123298A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Technische Universität Dresden | Method and arrangement for the location-specific characterization of the phase composition and the flow conditions within a foam volume |
WO2021037884A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Technische Universität Dresden | Method and arrangement for the spatially resolved characterization of the phase composition and the flow conditions within a foam volume |
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