DE19753297A1 - Process for the preparation of solid dosage forms - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of solid dosage formsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19753297A1 DE19753297A1 DE19753297A DE19753297A DE19753297A1 DE 19753297 A1 DE19753297 A1 DE 19753297A1 DE 19753297 A DE19753297 A DE 19753297A DE 19753297 A DE19753297 A DE 19753297A DE 19753297 A1 DE19753297 A1 DE 19753297A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- vinyl
- dosage forms
- active ingredient
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical class NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 precipitation Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 4
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940063559 methacrylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C(C)=O PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinic acid amide Natural products NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSCWZHGZWWDELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C=C)OC(=O)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 FSCWZHGZWWDELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-FOQJRBATSA-N 59096-14-9 Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[14C](O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-FOQJRBATSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N D-panthenol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCCO SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195708 Penicillin V Natural products 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOQPXTMNIUCOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl]-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-methylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 DOQPXTMNIUCOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N captopril Chemical compound SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000830 captopril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MNQYNQBOVCBZIQ-JQOFMKNESA-A sucralfate Chemical compound O[Al](O)OS(=O)(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](COS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)O[C@H]1O[C@@]1(COS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)O1 MNQYNQBOVCBZIQ-JQOFMKNESA-A 0.000 description 1
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- JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphamethoxazole Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGRJTUBHPOOWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulpiride Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(S(N)(=O)=O)=CC=C1OC BGRJTUBHPOOWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004940 sulpiride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003899 tartaric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thyroxine-binding globulin Natural products IC1=CC(CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ticlopidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CC(C=CS2)=C2CC1 PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005001 ticlopidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004605 timolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N tranexamic acid Chemical compound NC[C@H]1CC[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1 GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000401 tranexamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002117 triamcinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001288 triamterene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoprim Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(N)=NC=2)N)=C1 IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001082 trimethoprim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003232 troxerutin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000604 valproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents
- A23L27/74—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents with a synthetic polymer matrix or excipient, e.g. vinylic, acrylic polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1635—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2095—Tabletting processes; Dosage units made by direct compression of powders or specially processed granules, by eliminating solvents, by melt-extrusion, by injection molding, by 3D printing
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen Dosierungsformen durch Vermischen von mindestens einem polymeren Bindemittel und gegebenenfalls mindestens einem Wirkstoff und ge gebenenfalls üblichen Additiven unter Bildung eines plastischen Gemisches und Formgebung. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen pharmazeutischen Formen.The invention relates to a method for producing solid Dosage forms by mixing at least one polymeric Binder and optionally at least one active ingredient and ge if necessary, conventional additives to form a plastic Mixtures and shaping. In particular, the invention relates to a Process for the preparation of solid pharmaceutical forms.
Die klassischen Verfahren zur Herstellung fester pharmazeutischer Formen, insbesondere Tabletten, werden diskontinuierlich durchge führt und umfassen mehrere Stufen. Pharmazeutische Granulate stellen hierbei ein wichtiges Zwischenprodukt dar. So ist z. B. dem Buch "Pharmazeutische Technologie", Verfasser Prof. Bauer, Frömmig und Führer, Thieme Verlag, Seiten 292 ff., zu entnehmen, daß man Arzneiformen über Trockengranulierung aus der Schmelze gewinnen kann. Es wird beschrieben, daß Schmelzerstarrungsgranu late entweder durch Schmelzen und Schockerstarren, durch Ausgie ßen und Zerkleinern oder durch Sprüherstarren in Sprühtürmen her gestellt werden können. Ein Problem bei diesen Verfahren ist die für die Herstellung von Arzneimitteln erforderliche exakte Form gebung. Es werden häufig unregelmäßige Partikel oder Bruchstücke erzeugt, so daß die erzielte Form in keiner Weise den üblichen Arzneiformen entspricht und Granulate deshalb als eigenständige Arzneiform nur eine geringe Bedeutung besitzen. Die Herstellung der gewünschten festen Arzneiformen erfordert den Einsatz weite rer Verfahrensschritte, wie zum Beispiel die Komprimierung mit Hilfe von Tablettiermaschinen. Dies ist zeit- und kostenintensiv.The classic methods of manufacturing solid pharmaceutical Molds, especially tablets, are discontinuously leads and comprises several stages. Pharmaceutical granules represent an important intermediate product. B. the book "Pharmaceutical Technology", author Prof. Bauer, Pious and leader, Thieme Verlag, pages 292 ff. that drug forms from dry melt granulation can win. It is described that melt solidification granules late either by melting and shock shock, by pouring eat and shred or by sprayer stare in spray towers can be put. One problem with these methods is that exact form required for the manufacture of medicinal products giving. There are often irregular particles or fragments generated so that the shape obtained is in no way the usual Medicinal forms and therefore granules as independent Dosage form are of minor importance. The production the desired solid dosage forms require wide use rer procedural steps, such as compression with Help from tableting machines. This is time and cost intensive.
Seit einiger Zeit ist ein wesentlich einfacheres kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung fester pharmazeutischer Formen bekannt, bei dem man eine wirkstoffhaltige, lösungsmittelfreie Schmelze aus einem polymeren, wirkstoffhaltigen Bindemittel extrudiert und den extrudierten Strang zu der gewünschten Arzneiform formt, bei spielsweise in einem Kalander mit Formwalzen, siehe EP-A-240 904, EP-A-240 906 und EP-A-337 256 und EP-A-358105. Damit kann eine gezielte Formgebung erreicht werden. Als polymeres Bindemittel werden insbesondere Polymere des N-Vinylpyrrolidons oder Copoly merisate davon, z. B. mit Vinylacetat, eingesetzt.For some time now has been a much easier continuous Processes for the production of solid pharmaceutical forms are known, where you have an active ingredient-containing, solvent-free melt extruded from a polymeric binder containing active ingredients and forms the extruded strand into the desired pharmaceutical form, at for example in a calender with forming rolls, see EP-A-240 904, EP-A-240 906 and EP-A-337 256 and EP-A-358105. With that a targeted shaping can be achieved. As a polymeric binder are especially polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone or copoly merisate of it, e.g. B. with vinyl acetate used.
Die Verwendung von Homo- und Copolymeren von N-Vinylamiden und N-Vinylaminen in verschiedenen Bereichen, wie als Bindemittel in pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen ist bekannt. Die DE-A-34 27 220 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Copolymerisaten aus 10 bis 90 Gew.-Teilen Acrylamid, 90 bis 10 Gew.-Teilen (Meth)acrylsäure, 0 bis 40 Gew.-Teilen eines copolymerisierbaren Monomers, das ein N-Vinylamid sein kann, und 0 bis 5 Gew.-Teilen eines Vernetzers mit mindestens zwei olefinischen Doppelbindungen und die Verwendung der Copolymerisate als Verdicker für techni sche, kosmetische und pharmazeutische Zubereitungen.The use of homo- and copolymers of N-vinylamides and N-vinylamines in various fields, such as as binders in pharmaceutical preparations are known. DE-A-34 27 220 describes a process for the preparation of copolymers 10 to 90 parts by weight of acrylamide, 90 to 10 parts by weight (Meth) acrylic acid, 0 to 40 parts by weight of a copolymerizable Monomer, which may be an N-vinyl amide, and 0 to 5 parts by weight a crosslinker with at least two olefinic double bonds and the use of the copolymers as thickeners for techni cosmetic, pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical preparations.
In der EP-A-580 078 und der EP-A-580 079 sind Polyvinylaminderi vate mit hydrophilen Zentren, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung aus Polyvinylamin und ihre Verwendung als Arzneimittel, Wirk stoffträger und Nahrungsmittelhilfsstoff offenbart.EP-A-580 078 and EP-A-580 079 disclose polyvinylamines vate with hydrophilic centers, a process for their preparation from polyvinylamine and their use as medicines, active Carrier and food additive disclosed.
Die EP-A-295 614 und die EP-A-295 615 offenbaren die Herstellung von Polyvinylamiden mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht < 106 durch inverse Emulsionspolymerisation, ihre Umsetzung zu Polyvi nylaminen und deren Verwendung bei der Ölgewinnung und der Pa pierherstellung. Die Brauchbarkeit für mehrere andere Anwendun gen, unter anderem die Herstellung von Arzneimitteln, Nahrungs mittelfarben, Herbiziden und Pestiziden, wird erwähnt.EP-A-295 614 and EP-A-295 615 disclose the production of polyvinylamides with an average molecular weight <10 6 by inverse emulsion polymerization, their conversion to polyvinylamines and their use in oil production and paper production. The utility for several other applications, including the manufacture of drugs, food colors, herbicides and pesticides, is mentioned.
Die EP-A-452 758 offenbart kohlenwasserstoffreiche Gele aus Ten sid, Wasser, Kohlenwasserstoff und einem wasserlöslichen Polymer, das auch ein Copolymer aus 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-propansulfon säure, N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamid und Acrylsäureamid sein kann, und ihre Verwendung als Fracturing-Flüssigkeiten und für medizinische und kosmetische Zubereitungen.EP-A-452 758 discloses ten hydrocarbon-rich gels sid, water, hydrocarbon and a water soluble polymer, which is also a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfone acid, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide and acrylic acid amide, and their use as fracturing fluids and for medical and cosmetic preparations.
Auch die Verwendung von vernetzten Polyvinylformamiden als Ver dickungsmittel in kosmetischen und pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen st bekannt, siehe EP-A-510 246.The use of crosslinked polyvinylformamides as Ver thickeners in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations is known, see EP-A-510 246.
Die Verwendung von Polyvinylaminen bei der Herstellung von Arz neimittelformulierungen mit bestimmter Freisetzungscharakteri stik, wie z. B. verzögerter, verlängerter, gleichmäßig hinhalten der oder kontrollierter Freisetzung ist auch bekannt. So sind in der EP-A-126 537 Mikrokapseln als injizierbares Verabreichungssy stem offenbart, deren Membranen aus einem polykationischen, an ein polyanionisches Polymer gebundenen Salz besteht. Als polyka tionisches Salz kommt auch ein Polyvinylaminsalz in Betracht.The use of polyvinylamines in the manufacture of medic drug formulations with certain release characteristics stik, such as B. delayed, prolonged, hold out evenly or controlled release is also known. So are in EP-A-126 537 microcapsules as an injectable administration system stem discloses whose membranes are made of a polycationic there is a polyanionic polymer bound salt. As a polyka tional salt is also a polyvinylamine salt.
Die EP-A-199 362 und die US-A-4 900 566 beschreiben Liposome zur kontrollierten Freisetzung von biologisch aktiven Substanzen, die durch eine durchlässige Polymermatrix von der biologischen Umge bung abgeschirmt sind. Die durchlässige Polymermatrix ist auch unter Verwendung von Polyvinylaminen herstellbar. EP-A-199 362 and US-A-4 900 566 describe liposomes for controlled release of biologically active substances that through a permeable polymer matrix from the biological reverse are shielded. The permeable polymer matrix is too can be produced using polyvinylamines.
Die EP-A-207 655 beschreibt Verfahren zum Füllen von Mikrokapseln mit einem Wirkstoff. Die Mikrokapseln sind aus polyanionischen Polymeren, z. B. sauren Polysacchariden, und polykationischen Po lymeren, z. B. Polyvinylaminen, aufgebaut und als Verabreichungs system für Arzneistoffe oder ohne Füllung als Trennmittel für hoch- und niedermolekulare Substanzen brauchbar.EP-A-207 655 describes methods for filling microcapsules with an active ingredient. The microcapsules are made of polyanionic Polymers, e.g. B. acidic polysaccharides, and polycationic Po lymeren, e.g. As polyvinylamines, built up and as an administration system for drugs or without filling as a release agent for high and low molecular weight substances can be used.
In der DE-A-41 22 591 ist die lösungsmittelfreie Herstellung von Polymer-Mikropartikeln oder -Pellets mit verzögerter Wirkstoff freisetzung beschrieben, wobei der Wirkstoff in einer wäßrigen Polymerdispersion, die einen oder mehrere gelierbare Hilfsstoffe enthält, gelöst, dispergiert oder zugegeben wird, und diese flüs sige Phase in ein Medium, das die Gelbildung bewirkt, getropft oder gesprüht wird. Als gelierbarer Hilfsstoff kommen auch Poly vinylamine in Betracht.DE-A-41 22 591 describes the solvent-free production of Polymer microparticles or pellets with a delayed active ingredient Release described, the active ingredient in an aqueous Polymer dispersion containing one or more gellable excipients contains, dissolved, dispersed or added, and these fluids sige phase dropped into a medium that causes gel formation or sprayed. Poly also comes as a gellable auxiliary vinylamines into consideration.
Die Herstellung dieser Dosierungsformen, wie Mikrokapseln und Mi kropartikel sowie das Einbringen des Wirkstoffs sind jedoch sehr aufwendig und damit zeit- und kostenintensiv.The preparation of these dosage forms, such as microcapsules and Mi However, croparticles and the introduction of the active ingredient are very complex and therefore time and cost intensive.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, ein einfaches und kostengün stiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen Dosierungsformen, insbesondere Arzneiformen, zur Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the invention was therefore a simple and inexpensive continuous process for the production of solid dosage forms, in particular to provide dosage forms.
Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe gelöst wird, wenn man die Dosierungsformen durch Schmelzextrusion her stellt und dabei Polyvinylamide und/oder Polyvinylamine als Bin demittel verwendet.Surprisingly, it has now been found that this problem has been solved when the dosage forms are made by melt extrusion represents and thereby polyvinylamides and / or polyvinylamines as bin used means.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen Dosierungsformen durch Vermischen von min destens einem polymeren Bindemittel, gegebenenfalls mindestens einem Wirkstoff und gegebenenfalls üblichen Additiven unter Bil dung eines plastischen Gemisches und Formgebung, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, daß Homo- und/oder Copolymere von N-Vinylamiden und/oder N-Vinylaminen als polymeres Bindemittel verwendet werden.The present invention therefore relates to a method for Production of solid dosage forms by mixing min least a polymeric binder, optionally at least an active ingredient and optional additives under Bil formation of a plastic mixture and shaping, characterized thereby records that homo- and / or copolymers of N-vinylamides and / or N-vinylamines can be used as a polymeric binder.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung von fe sten Dosierungsformen auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise. Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der Homo- und/oder Copolymere von Vi nylamiden und/oder Vinylaminen werden durch die Überführung in den plastischen Zustand nicht beeinträchtigt. Darüber hinaus er gibt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren Dosierungsformen mit sehr ra scher Wirkstofffreisetzung. The method according to the invention enables the production of fe most dosage forms in a simple and inexpensive way. The advantageous properties of the homo- and / or copolymers of Vi nylamides and / or vinylamines are converted into does not affect the plastic condition. In addition, he gives the method according to the invention dosage forms with very ra active ingredient release.
Unter Dosierungsformen sind hier alle Formen zu verstehen, die zur Verwendung als Arzneimittel, Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel, Fut termittel und Nahrungsmittel und zur Abgabe von Riechstoffen und Parfümölen geeignet sind. Dazu gehören beispielsweise Tabletten jeglicher Form, Pellets, Granulate, aber auch größere Formen, wie Würfel, Blöcke (Quader) oder zylindrische Formen, die sich insbe sondere als Futter- oder Nahrungsmittel verwenden lassen.Dosage forms are understood here to mean all forms that for use as a medicine, plant treatment agent, fut means and food and for the delivery of fragrances and Perfume oils are suitable. These include, for example, tablets any form, pellets, granules, but also larger forms, such as Cubes, blocks (cuboids) or cylindrical shapes, in particular can be used especially as feed or food.
Die erfindungsgemäß erhältlichen Dosierungsformen umfassen im
Allgmeinen:
The dosage forms obtainable according to the invention generally comprise:
- a) 0 bis 90 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,1 bis 60 Gew.-% (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Dosierungsform) eines Wirkstoffes,a) 0 to 90% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 60% by weight (based on the total weight of the dosage form) of an active ingredient,
- b) 10 bis 100 Gew.-%, insbesondere 40 bis 99,9 Gew.-% eines po lymeren Bindemittels undb) 10 to 100 wt .-%, in particular 40 to 99.9 wt .-% of a po lymeric binder and
- c) gegebenenfalls Additive.c) optionally additives.
Wenn die Dosierungsform für Nahrungsmittelzwecke oder Futtermit telzwecke eingesetzt wird, kann der Wirkstoff fehlen, d. h. die Dosierungsform kann bis zu 100% des polymeren Bindemittels um fassen.If the dosage form for food or feed with the active ingredient may be missing, d. H. the Dosage form can contain up to 100% of the polymeric binder grasp.
Als polymeres Bindemittel werden erfindungsgemäß Homo- und/oder
Copolymerisate von Vinylamiden und Vinylaminen verwendet. Vor
zugsweise enthalten die Copolymere mindestens 5 Gew.-%, vorzugs
weise mindestens 10 Gew.-% und insbesondere mindestens 20 Gew.-%
Einheiten der Formeln
According to the invention, homopolymers and / or copolymers of vinylamides and vinylamines are used as the polymeric binder. The copolymers preferably contain at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight and in particular at least 20% by weight, of units of the formulas
worin R1 und R2 jeweils unabhängig voneinander für H oder C1-C6-Alkylgruppen, wie Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, n-Butyl und Isobu tyl stehen. Die erfindungsgemäß als Bindemittel verwendeten Poly mere sind in an sich bekannter Weise durch radikalische Polymeri sation zugänglich. Die Herstellung erfolgt zum Beispiel mittels Lösungs-, Fällungs-, Suspensions- oder Emulsionspolymerisation unter Verwendung von Verbindungen, die unter den Polymerisations bedingungen Radikale bilden. Es werden mindestens 5 Gew.-% Mono mere verwendet, die zu den Einheiten der Formeln I und/oder II führen. Dies sind beispielsweise folgende Monomere: N-Vinylform amid, N-Vinyl-N-methylformamid, N-Vinylmethylacetamid, N-Vinyl acetamid, N-Vinyl-N-ethylacetamid, N-Vinylpropionamid, N-Vinyl- N-methylpropionamid und N-Vinylbutyramid. Davon sind N-Vinylform amid und N-Vinylmethylacetamid besonders bevorzugt. Als Comono mere eignen sich beispielsweise monoethylenisch ungesättigte Car bonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie Acrylsäure, Meth acrylsäure, Dimethacrylsäure, Ethacrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Citra consäure, Methylenmalonsäure, Allylessigsäure, Vinylessigsäure, Crotonsäure, Fumarsäure, Mesaconsäure und Itaconsäure sowie die Halbester der erwähnten Dicarbonsäuren mit C1- bis C12-Alkanolen. Davon verwendet man bevorzugt Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Malein säure oder Mischungen der genannten Carbonsäuren. Die monoethyle nisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren können in Form der freien Säure und, soweit vorhanden, der Anhydride oder in partiell oder voll ständig neutralisierter Form bei der Copolymerisation eingesetzt werden. Zur Neutralisation verwendet man vorzugsweise Alkalime tall- oder Erdalkalimetallbasen, Ammoniak oder Amine, z. B. Na triumhydroxid, Kaliumhydroxid, Natriumcarbonat, Kaliumcarbonat, Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Magnesiumoxid, Calciumhydroxid, Calcium oxid, gasförmiges oder wäßriges Ammoniak, Triethylamin, Ethanol amin, Diethanolamin, Morpholin, Diethylentriamin oder Tetraethy lenpentamin.wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently represent H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl and isobutyl. The poly mers used according to the invention as binders are accessible in a manner known per se by radical polymerization. The preparation takes place, for example, by means of solution, precipitation, suspension or emulsion polymerization using compounds which form radicals under the polymerization conditions. At least 5% by weight of monomers are used which lead to the units of the formulas I and / or II. Examples of these are the following monomers: N-vinylform amide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylmethylacetamide, N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinylpropionamide, N-vinyl-N-methylpropionamide and N- Vinylbutramid. Of these, N-vinyl form amide and N-vinyl methylacetamide are particularly preferred. Suitable comonomers are, for example, monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, allylacetic acid, vinylacetic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid and itaconic acid and the half esters of the dicarboxylic acids mentioned with C 1 to C 12 alkanols. Of these, preference is given to using acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or mixtures of the carboxylic acids mentioned. The monoethyl niche unsaturated carboxylic acids can be used in the form of the free acid and, if present, the anhydrides or in partially or completely neutralized form in the copolymerization. For neutralization, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases, ammonia or amines, e.g. B. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, gaseous or aqueous ammonia, triethylamine, ethanol amine, diethanolamine, morpholine, diethylene triamine or tetraethylene lenpentamine.
Weiterhin eignen sich als Comonomere beispielsweise die Ester der oben angegebenen Carbonsäuren mit C1- bis C18-Alkanolen, Hydro xy-C1- bis C4-alkylester Mono- und Di-C1- bis C4-alkylamino-C1- bis C4-alkylester, Amide, Mono- und Di-C1- bis C4-alkylamide und Nitrile , z. B. Acrylsäuremethylester, Acrylsäureethylester, Methacrylsäuremethylester, Methacrylsäureethylester, Hydroxy ethylacrylat, Hydroxypropylacrylat, Hydroxybutylacrylat, Hydroxy ethylmethacrylat, Hydroxypropylmethacrylat, Hydroxyisobutylacry lat, Hydroxyisobutylmethacrylat, Maleinsäuremonomethylester, Ma leinsäuredimethylester, Maleinsäuremonoethylester, Maleinsäure diethylester, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylmethacrylat, Stea rylacrylat, Stearylmethacrylat, Behenylacrylat, Behenylmethacry lat, Octylacrylat, Octylmethacrylat, Acrylamid, Methacrylamid, N,N-Dimethylacrylamid, N-tert-Butylacrylamid, Acrylnitril, Meth acrylnitril, Dimethylaminoethylacrylat, Diethylaminoethylacrylat, Diethylaminoethylmethacrylat sowie die Salze der zuletzt genann ten Monomeren mit Carbonsäuren oder Mineralsäuren oder die quar ternierten Produkte.Also suitable as comonomers are, for example, the esters of the above-mentioned carboxylic acids with C 1 -C 18 -alkanols, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters mono- and di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino-C 1 - to C 4 alkyl esters, amides, mono- and di-C 1 - to C 4 alkyl amides and nitriles, e.g. As methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, Hydroxyisobutylacry lat, Hydroxyisobutylmethacrylat, monomethyl maleate, Ma leinsäuredimethylester, maleic acid monoethyl ester, maleic acid diethyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, Stea rylacrylat, stearyl methacrylate, Behenyl acrylate, behenyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, dimethylaminoethylacrylate, diethylaminoethylacrylate, diethylaminoomeric acid or the last quaternary acid or the mono or methacrylate acids and the mono or methacrylate acids with the quaternary or the mono or methacrylate acids and the mon or with the quaternary or with the Sal or ternated products.
Außerdem eignen sich als copolymerisierbare Monomere Acrylamido glykolsäure, Vinylsulfonsäure, Allylsulfonsäure, Methallylsulfon säure, Styrolsulfonsäure, Acrylsäure-(3-sulfopropyl)ester, Meth acrylsäure(3-sulfopropyl)ester und Acrylamidomethylpropansulfon säure sowie Phosphonsäuregruppen enthaltende Monomere, wie Vinyl phosphonsäure, Allylphosphonsäure und Acrylamidomethanpropan phosphonsäure. Weitere geeignete copolymerisierbare Monomere sind N-Vinylpyrrolidon, N-Vinylcaprolactam, N-Vinylimidazol, N-Vi nyl-2-methylimidazol, N-Vinyl-4-methylimidazol, Diallylammonium chlorid, Vinylester, wie Vinylacetat und Vinylpropionat sowie Vi nylaromaten, wie Styrol. Es können selbstverständlich auch Mi schungen der genannten Monomere eingesetzt werden. Die Copolymere enthalten mindestens 5, vorzugsweise mindestens 20 und insbeson dere mindestens 50 Gew.-% N-Vinylamide und/oder N-Vinylamine ein polymerisiert.Acrylamido are also suitable as copolymerizable monomers glycolic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfone acid, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylic acid (3-sulfopropyl) ester, meth acrylic acid (3-sulfopropyl) ester and acrylamidomethyl propane sulfone acid and monomers containing phosphonic acid groups, such as vinyl phosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid and acrylamidomethane propane phosphonic acid. Other suitable copolymerizable monomers are N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl caprolactam, N-vinyl imidazole, N-Vi nyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, diallylammonium chloride, vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, and Vi nylaromatics, such as styrene. Of course, Wed. mixtures of the monomers mentioned are used. The copolymers contain at least 5, preferably at least 20 and in particular which are at least 50% by weight of N-vinylamides and / or N-vinylamines polymerized.
Die Polymerisationstemperaturen liegen üblicherweise im Bereich von 30 bis 200°C, vorzugsweise 40 bis 110°C. Geeignete Initiato ren sind beispielsweise Azo- und Peroxyverbindungen sowie die üb lichen Redoxinitiatorsysteme, wie Kombinationen aus Wasserstoff peroxid und reduzierend wirkenden Verbindungen, beispielsweise Natriumsulfit, Natriumbisulfit, Natriumformaldehydsulfoxylat und Hydrazin.The polymerization temperatures are usually in the range from 30 to 200 ° C, preferably 40 to 110 ° C. Suitable initiato ren are, for example, azo and peroxy compounds and the usual Lich redox initiator systems, such as combinations of hydrogen peroxide and reducing compounds, for example Sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and Hydrazine.
Die Homo- und Copolymerisate besitzen im Allgemeinen K-Werte von mindestens 7, vorzugsweise 10 bis 250. Die Polymere können K-Werte von bis zu 300 haben. Die Bestimmung der K-Werte erfolgt nach H. Fikentscher, Cellulosechemie, Band 13, 58-64 und 71-74 (1932), in wäßriger Lösung oder in einem organischen Lösungsmit tel bei 25°C und bei Konzentrationen, die je nach K-Wert-Bereich zwischen 0,1% und 5% liegen.The homopolymers and copolymers generally have K values of at least 7, preferably 10 to 250. The polymers can have K values of up to 300. The K values are determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulosechemie, Volume 13, 58-64 and 71-74 (1932), in aqueous solution or in an organic solvent tel at 25 ° C and at concentrations depending on the K value range are between 0.1% and 5%.
Aus den oben beschriebenen Polymerisaten der Formel I erhält man durch teilweise oder vollständige Spaltung der Amidbindungen aus den einpolymerisierten N-Vinylamiden unter Bildung von Amin- bzw. Ammoniumgruppen die erfindungsgemäß als Polymere zu verwendenden Polymerisate mit den Einheiten der Formel II. Solche Polymere sind aus der EP 071 050 als Mittel zur Entwässerungsbeschleuni gung und zur Erhöhung der Retention bei der Herstellung von Pa pier bekannt. Dort sind lineare, basische Polymerisate mit Viny lamin- und Vinylformamideinheiten beschrieben, die durch Homopo lymerisation von N-Vinylformamid und anschließende partielle Ab spaltung von Formylgruppen durch Einwirkung von Säuren oder Basen hergestellt werden.The polymers of formula I described above are used to obtain by partial or complete cleavage of the amide bonds the polymerized N-vinylamides to form amine or Ammonium groups to be used according to the invention as polymers Polymers with the units of the formula II. Such polymers are from EP 071 050 as a means of accelerating dewatering and to increase the retention in the production of Pa pier known. There are linear, basic polymers with viny lamin- and vinylformamide units described by Homopo lymerization of N-vinylformamide and subsequent partial Ab cleavage of formyl groups by the action of acids or bases getting produced.
Copolymerisate aus N-Vinylcarbonsäureamiden und anderen, mono ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen, wie Acrylsäure, Acrylsäu reestern, Vinylacetat, N-Vinylpyrrolidon oder Acrylnitril sind ebenfalls in der Literatur beschrieben, wie auch die daraus durch Einwirkung von Säuren oder Basen erhältlichen, modifizierten Co polymerisate. Bei diesen können die Carbonsäureamidgruppen ganz oder teilweise aus den einpolymerisierten N-Vinylcarbonsäureami den eliminiert sowie die einpolymerisierten Comonomeren gegebe nenfalls hydrolysiert sein, siehe z. B. EP 216 387, EP 251 182, EP 528 409, WO 82/02073, JP 84/033312, JP 84/039399, EP 337 310 und DE 43 22 854.Copolymers of N-vinylcarboxamides and others, mono ethylenically unsaturated compounds, such as acrylic acid, acrylic acid reesters, vinyl acetate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone or acrylonitrile also described in the literature, as well as from it Exposure to modified Co. Available acids or bases polymers. In these, the carboxamide groups can entirely or partially from the polymerized N-vinylcarboxylic acid ami the eliminated and the copolymerized comonomers if necessary be hydrolyzed, see e.g. B. EP 216 387, EP 251 182, EP 528 409, WO 82/02073, JP 84/033312, JP 84/039399, EP 337 310 and DE 43 22 854.
In Abhängigkeit von den bei der Hydrolyse gewählten Reaktionsbe dingungen erhält man entweder eine partielle oder eine vollstän dige Hydrolyse der Einheiten gemäß der Formel I. Wenn Copolymeri sate der N-Vinylamide eingesetzt werden, können auch die einge setzten Comonomeren, je nach gewählten Hydrolysebedingungen, che misch verändert werden. So entstehen z. B. aus Vinylacetat-Ein heiten Vinylalkohol-Einheiten, aus Acrylsäuremethylester-Einhei ten Acrylsäure-Einheiten und aus Acrylnitril-Einheiten Acrylamid- bzw. Acrylsäure-Einheiten.Depending on the reactions chosen in the hydrolysis conditions you get either a partial or a complete end hydrolysis of the units according to formula I. If copolymeri Sate of N-vinylamides are used, the can also set comonomers, depending on the chosen hydrolysis conditions be mixed. So arise. B. from vinyl acetate-A units of vinyl alcohol units, from methyl acrylate unit th acrylic acid units and from acrylonitrile units acrylamide or acrylic acid units.
Zur Hydrolyse eignen sich Mineralsäuren, wie Halogenwasserstoffe, die gasförmig oder in wäßriger Lösung eingesetzt werden können. Vorzugsweise verwendet man Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure, Salpeter säure und Phosphorsäure sowie organische Säuren, wie z. B. C1-C5-Carbonsäuren und aliphatische oder aromatische Sulfonsäuren. Pro Formylgruppenäquivalent, das aus den einpolymerisierten Ein heiten I abgespalten werden soll, benötigt man 0,05 bis 2, vor zugsweise 1 bis 1,5 Moläquivalente einer Säure.Mineral acids, such as hydrogen halides, which can be used in gaseous form or in aqueous solution, are suitable for the hydrolysis. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid and organic acids, such as, for. B. C 1 -C 5 carboxylic acids and aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acids. Per formyl group equivalent to be split off from the copolymerized units I requires 0.05 to 2, preferably 1 to 1.5 molar equivalents of an acid.
Die Hydrolyse der einpolymerisierten Einheiten der Struktur I kann auch mit Hilfe von Basen vorgenommen werden, z. B. mit Me tallhydroxiden, insbesondere mit Alkalimetall- und Erdalkalime tallhydroxid. Vorzugsweise verwendet man Natriumhydroxid oder Ka liumhydroxid. Die Hydrolyse kann gegebenenfalls auch in Gegenwart von Ammoniak oder Aminen durchgeführt werden.Hydrolysis of the polymerized units of structure I can also be done with the help of bases, e.g. B. with me tall hydroxides, especially with alkali metal and alkaline earths tall hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide or Ka is preferably used lium hydroxide. The hydrolysis can optionally also be carried out in the presence be carried out by ammonia or amines.
Neben den oben beschriebenen polymeren Bindemitteln können, ins
besondere bis zu 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des
Bindemittels, an weiteren Bindemitteln eingesetzt werden, wie Po
lymere, Copolymere, Cellulosederivate, Stärke und Stärkederivate
eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind beispielsweise:
Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP), Copolymerisate von N-Vinylpyrrolidon
(NVP) und Vinylestern, insbesondere Vinylacetat, Copolymerisate
von Vinylacetat und Crotonsäure, teilverseiftes Polyvinylacetat,
Polyvinylalkohol, Polyhydroxyalkylacrylate, Polyhydroxyalkylmeth
acrylate, Polyacrylate und Polymethacrylate (Eudragit-Typen), Co
polymerisate von Methylmethacrylat und Acrylsäure, Polyacryl
amide, Polyethylenglykole, Celluloseester, Celluloseether, insbe
sondere Methylcellulose und Ethylcellulose, Hydroxyalkylcellulo
sen, insbesondere Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxyalkyl-Alkylcel
lulosen, insbesondere Hydroxypropyl-Ethylcellulose, Cellulose
phthalate, insbesondere Celluloseacetatphthalat und Hydroxypro
pylmethylcellulosephthalat, und Mannane, insbesondere Galactoman
nane. Davon sind Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Copolymerisate von N-Vinyl
pyrrolidon und Vinylestern, Polyhydroxyalkylacrylate, Polyhydro
xyalkylmethacrylate, Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Alkylcellu
losen und Hydroxyalkylcellusen besonders bevorzugt.In addition to the polymeric binders described above, in particular up to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the binder, of other binders, such as polymers, copolymers, cellulose derivatives, starch and starch derivatives, can be used. For example:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl esters, in particular vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates, polyhydroxyalkyl methacrylates, polyacrylates and polymethacrylate types (Eud , Polyacrylic amides, polyethylene glycols, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, in particular special methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, especially hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl-alkyl celluloses, especially hydroxypropyl ethyl cellulose, cellulose phthalates, especially cellulose acetate phthalate and hydroxypropylene methylane cellulose phthalate, and especially mannitol. Of these, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, copolymers of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl esters, polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates, polyhydro xyalkyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, alkyl cellulose and hydroxyalkyl cellulose are particularly preferred.
Das polymere Bindemittel muß in der Gesamtmischung aller Kompo nenten im Bereich von 50 bis 180°C, vorzugsweise 60 bis 130°C erweichen oder schmelzen. Die Glasübergangstemperatur der Mischung muß daher unter 180°C, vorzugsweise unter 130°C lie gen. Erforderlichenfalls wird sie durch übliche, pharmakologisch akzeptable weichmachende Hilfsstoffe herabgesetzt. Die Menge an Weichmacher beträgt höchstens 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamt gewicht von Bindemittel und Weichmacher, damit lagerstabile Arz neiformen gebildet werden, die keinen kalten Fluß zeigen. Vor zugsweise aber enthält das Gemisch keinen Weichmacher.The polymeric binder must be in the overall mixture of all compos nenten in the range of 50 to 180 ° C, preferably 60 to 130 ° C. soften or melt. The glass transition temperature of the Mixture must therefore lie below 180 ° C, preferably below 130 ° C If necessary, it is replaced by conventional, pharmacological acceptable softening auxiliaries reduced. The amount of Plasticizer is at most 30% by weight, based on the total weight of binder and plasticizer, so that storage-stable medic neiform forms are formed which do not show a cold flow. Before but preferably the mixture contains no plasticizer.
Beispiele für derartige Weichmacher sind:Examples of such plasticizers are:
Langkettige Alkohole, Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Triethylenglykol, Butandiole, Pentanole, wie Pentaerythrit, Hexanole, Polyethylenglykole, Polypropylenglykole, Polyethylen-propylenglykole, Silicone, aromatische Carbonsäure ester (z. B. Dialkylphthalate, Trimellithsäureester, Benzoesäu reester, Terephthalsäureester) oder aliphatische Dicarbonsäure ester (z. B. Dialkyladipate, Sebacinsäureester, Azelainsäure ester, Zitronen- und Weinsäureester), Fettsäureester, wie Glyce rinmono-, Glycerindi- oder Glycerintriacetat oder Natriumdiethyl sulfosuccinat. Die Konzentration an Weichmacher beträgt im Allge meinen 0,5 bis 15, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemisches.Long chain alcohols, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, Trimethylolpropane, triethylene glycol, butanediols, pentanols, such as Pentaerythritol, hexanols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, Polyethylene propylene glycols, silicones, aromatic carboxylic acids esters (e.g. dialkyl phthalates, trimellitic acid esters, benzoic acid reester, terephthalic acid ester) or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters (e.g. dialkyl adipates, sebacic acid esters, azelaic acid esters, citric and tartaric acid esters), fatty acid esters such as Glyce rinmono-, glycerol or glycerol triacetate or sodium diethyl sulfosuccinate. The concentration of plasticizer is generally mean 0.5 to 15, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the Total weight of the mixture.
Übliche galenische Hilfsstoffe, deren Gesamtmenge bis zu 100 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Polymerisat, betragen kann, sind z. B. Streckmittel bzw. Füllstoffe, wie Silikate oder Kieselerde, Magnesiumoxid, Aluminiumoxid, Titanoxid, Stearinsäure oder deren Salze, z. B. das Magnesium- oder Calciumsalz, Methylcellulose, Natrium-Carboxymethylcellulose, Talkum, Saccharose, Lactose, Ge treide- oder Maisstärke, Kartoffelmehl, Polyvinylalkohol, insbe sondere in einer Konzentration von 0,02 bis 50, vorzugsweise 0,20 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemisches. Common pharmaceutical auxiliaries, the total amount of which is up to 100% by weight, based on the polymer, can be e.g. B. extenders or fillers, such as silicates or silica, Magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, stearic acid or their Salts, e.g. B. the magnesium or calcium salt, methyl cellulose, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, talc, sucrose, lactose, Ge cereal or corn starch, potato flour, polyvinyl alcohol, esp especially in a concentration of 0.02 to 50, preferably 0.20 up to 20 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the mixture.
Schmiermittel, wie Aluminium- und Calciumstearat, Talkum und Si licone, in einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 5, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemisches.Lubricants such as aluminum and calcium stearate, talc and Si licone, in a concentration of 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 up to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture.
Fließmittel, wie tierische oder pflanzliche Fette, insbesondere
in hydrierter Form und solche, die bei Raumtemperatur fest sind.
Diese Fette haben vorzugsweise einen Schmelzpunkt von 50°C oder
höher. Bevorzugt sind Triglyceride der C12-, C14-, C16- und
C18-Fettsäuren. Auch Wachse, wie Carnaubawachs, sind brauchbar.
Diese Fette und Wachse können vorteilhaft alleine oder zusammen
mit Mono- und/oder Diglyceriden oder Phosphatiden, insbesondere
Lecithin, zugemischt werden. Die Mono- und Diglyceride stammen
vorzugsweise von den oben erwähnten Fettsäuretypen ab. Die Ge
samtmenge an Fetten, Wachsen, Mono-, Diglyceriden und/oder Leci
thinen beträgt 0,1 bis 30, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen
auf das Gesamtgewicht der Masse für die jeweilige Schicht;
Farbstoffe, wie Azofarbstoffe, organische oder anorganische Pig
mente oder Farbstoffe natürlicher Herkunft, wobei anorganische
Pigmente in einer Konzentration von 0,001 bis 10, vorzugsweise
0,5 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemisches be
vorzugt sind.Plasticizers, such as animal or vegetable fats, especially in hydrogenated form and those which are solid at room temperature. These fats preferably have a melting point of 50 ° C or higher. Triglycerides of C 12 , C 14 , C 16 and C 18 fatty acids are preferred. Waxes such as carnauba wax can also be used. These fats and waxes can advantageously be admixed alone or together with mono- and / or diglycerides or phosphatides, in particular lecithin. The mono- and diglycerides are preferably derived from the fatty acid types mentioned above. The total amount of fats, waxes, mono-, diglycerides and / or lecithins is 0.1 to 30, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the mass for the respective layer;
Dyes, such as azo dyes, organic or inorganic pigments or dyes of natural origin, inorganic pigments in a concentration of 0.001 to 10, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, being preferred.
Stabilisatoren, wie Antioxidanzien, Lichtstabilisatoren, Hydro peroxid-Vernichter, Radikalfänger, Stabilisatoren gegen mikro biellen Befall.Stabilizers, such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, hydro peroxide destroyers, radical scavengers, stabilizers against micro biological infestation.
Ferner können Netz-, Konservierungs-, Spreng-, Adsorptions-, For mentrenn- und Treibmittel zugesetzt werden (vgl. z. B. H. Sucker et al., Pharmazeutische Technologie, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 1978).Furthermore, wetting, preservation, explosive, adsorption, For Release agents and blowing agents are added (see e.g. H. Sucker et al., Pharmaceutical Technology, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 1978).
Unter Hilfsstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung sind auch Substanzen zur Herstellung einer festen Lösung des Wirkstoffs zu verstehen. Diese Hilfsstoffe sind beispielsweise Pentaerythrit und Penta erythrit-tetraacetat, Polymere wie z. B. Polyethylen- bzw. Poly propylenoxide und deren Blockcopolymere (Poloxamere), Phosphatide wie Lecithin, Homo- und Copolymere des Vinylpyrrolidons, Tenside wie Polyoxyethylen-40-stearat sowie Zitronen- und Bernsteinsäure, Gallensäuren, Sterine und andere wie z. B. bei J. L. Ford, Pharm. Acta Helv. 61, 69-88 (1986) angegeben.Auxiliaries within the meaning of the invention also include substances to understand the preparation of a solid solution of the active ingredient. These auxiliaries are, for example, pentaerythritol and penta erythritol tetraacetate, polymers such as B. polyethylene or poly propylene oxides and their block copolymers (poloxamers), phosphatides such as lecithin, homo- and copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as polyoxyethylene 40 stearate and citric and succinic acid, Bile acids, sterols and others such as B. J.L. Ford, Pharm. Acta Helv. 61, 69-88 (1986).
Als Hilfsstoffe gelten auch Zusätze von Basen und Säuren zur Steuerung der Löslichkeit eines Wirkstoffes (siehe beispielsweise K. Thoma et al., Pharm. Ind. 51, 98-101 (1989)). Additives of bases and acids are also considered auxiliary substances Controlling the solubility of an active ingredient (see for example K. Thoma et al., Pharm. Ind. 51, 98-101 (1989)).
Einzige Voraussetzung für die Eignung von Hilfsstoffen ist eine ausreichende Temperaturstabilität.The only requirement for the suitability of auxiliary materials is one adequate temperature stability.
Unter Wirkstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle Stoffe mit ei ner physiologischen Wirkung zu verstehen, sofern sie sich unter den Verarbeitungsbedingungen nicht zersetzen. Es handelt sich insbesondere um pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe (für Mensch und Tier), Wirkstoffe für die Pflanzenbehandlung, Insektizide, Futter- und Nahrungsmittelwirkstoffe, Riechstoffe und Parfümöle. Die Wirk stoffmenge pro Dosiseinheit und die Konzentration können je nach Wirksamkeit und Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit in weiten Grenzen va riieren. Die einzige Bedingung ist, daß sie zur Erzielung der gewünschten Wirkung ausreichen. So kann die Wirkstoffkonzentra tion im Bereich von 0,1 bis 95, vorzugsweise von 20 bis 80, ins besondere 30 bis 70 Gew.-% liegen. Auch Wirkstoff-Kombinationen können eingesetzt werden. Wirkstoffe im Sinne der Erfindung sind auch Vitamine und Mineralstoffe. Zu den Vitaminen gehören die Vi tamine der A-Gruppe, der B-Gruppe, worunter neben B1, B2, B6 und B12 sowie Nicotinsäure und Nicotinamid auch Verbindungen mit Vita min B-Eigenschaften verstanden werden, wie z. B. Adenin, Cholin, Pantothensäure, Biotin, Adenylsäure, Folsäure, Orotsäure, Pangam säure, Carnitin, p-Aminobenzoesäure, myo-Inosit und Liponsäure sowie Vitamin C, Vitamine der D-Gruppe, E-Gruppe, F-Gruppe, H-Gruppe, I- und J-Gruppe, K-Gruppe und P-Gruppe. Zu Wirkstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung gehören auch Peptidtherapeutika. Zu Pflanzen behandlungsmitteln zählen z. B. Vinclozolin, Epiconazol und Quin merac.Active substances in the sense of the invention are understood to mean all substances with a physiological effect, provided that they do not decompose under the processing conditions. In particular, they are active pharmaceutical ingredients (for humans and animals), active ingredients for plant treatment, insecticides, feed and food ingredients, fragrances and perfume oils. The amount of active substance per dose unit and the concentration can vary within wide limits depending on the effectiveness and the rate of release. The only requirement is that they are sufficient to achieve the desired effect. The active ingredient concentration can be in the range from 0.1 to 95, preferably from 20 to 80, in particular 30 to 70% by weight. Combinations of active substances can also be used. Active substances in the sense of the invention are also vitamins and minerals. The vitamins include the vitamins of the A group and the B group, which in addition to B 1 , B 2 , B 6 and B 12 and nicotinic acid and nicotinamide also include compounds with vitamin B properties, such as. B. adenine, choline, pantothenic acid, biotin, adenylic acid, folic acid, orotic acid, pangamic acid, carnitine, p-aminobenzoic acid, myo-inositol and lipoic acid as well as vitamin C, vitamins of the D group, E group, F group, H- Group, I and J group, K group and P group. Active substances in the sense of the invention also include peptide therapeutic agents. Plant treatment agents include z. B. Vinclozolin, Epiconazol and Quin merac.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist beispielsweise zur Verarbei
tung folgender Wirkstoffe geeignet:
Acebutolol, Acetylcystein, Acetylsalicylsäure, Aciclovir, Albra
zolam, Alfacalcidol, Allantoin, Allopurinol, Ambroxol, Amikacin,
Amilorid, Aminoessigsäure, Amiodaron, Amitriptylin, Amlodipin,
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ascorbinsäure, Aspartam, Astemizol, Ate
nolol, Beclomethason, Benserazid, Benzalkonium-Hydrochlorid, Ben
zocain, Benzoesäure, Betamethason, Bezafibrat, Biotin, Biperiden,
Bisoprolol, Bromazepam, Bromhexin, Bromocriptin, Budesonid, Bufe
xamac, Buflomedil, Buspiron, Coffein, Campher, Captopril, Carba
mazepin, Carbidopa, Carboplatin, Cefachlor, Cefalexin, Cefatro
xil, Cefazolin, Cefixim, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ceftriaxon, Cefu
roxim, Celedilin, Chloramphenicol, Chlorhexidin, Chlor-phenir
amin, Chlortalidon, Cholin, Cyclosporin, Cilastatin, Cimetidin,
Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Cisplatin, Clarithromycin, Clävulan
säure, Clomibramin, Clonazepam, Clonidin, Clotrimazol, Codein,
Cholestyramin, Cromoglycinsäure, Cyanocobalamin, Cyproteron, De
sogestrel, Dexamethason, Dexpanthenol, Dextromethorphan, Dextro
propoxiphen, Diazepam, Diclofenac, Digoxin, Dihydrocodein, Dihy
droergotamin, Dihydroergotoxin, Diltiazem, Diphenhydramin, Dipy
ridamol, Dipyron, Disopyramid, Domperidon, Dopamin, Doxycyclin,
Enalapril, Ephedrin, Epinephrin, Ergocalciferol, Ergotamin, Ery
thromycin, Estradiol, Ethinylestradiol, Etoposid, Eucalyptus Glo
bulus, Famotidin, Felodipin, Fenofibrat, Fenoterol, Fentanyl,
Flavin-Mononucleotid, Fluconazol, Flunarizin, Fluorouracil, Fluo
xetin, Flurbiprofen, Furosemid, Gallopamil, Gemfibrozil, Gentami
cin, Gingko Biloba, Glibenclamid, Glipizid, Clozapin, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Griseofulvin, Guaifenesin, Haloperidol, Heparin, Hyalu
ronsäure, Hydrochlorothiazid, Hydrocodon, Hydrocortison, Hydro
morphon, Ipratropium-Hydroxid, Ibuprofen, Imipenem, Indomethacin,
Iohexol, Iopamidol, Isosorbid-Dinitrat, Isosorbid-Mononitrat,
Isotretinoin, Ketotifen, Ketoconazol, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, La
batalon, Lactulose, Lecithin, Levocarnitin, Levodopa, Levoglut
amid, Levonorgestrel, Levothyroxin, Lidocain, Lipase, Lipramin,
Lisinopril, Loperamid, Lorazepam, Lovastatin, Medroxyprogesteron,
Menthol, Methotrexat, Methyldopa, Methylprednisolon, Metoclopra
mid, Metoprolol, Miconazol, Midazolam, Minocyclin, Minoxidil, Mi
soprostol, Morphin, Multivitamin-Mischungen bzw.-Kombinationen
und Mineralsalze, N-Methylephedrin, Naftidrofuryl, Naproxen, Neo
mycin, Nicardipin, Nicergolin, Nicotinamid, Nicotin, Nicotin
säure, Nifedipin, Nimodipin, Nitrazepam, Nitrendipin, Nizatidin,
Norethisteron, Norfloxacin, Norgestrel, Nortriptylin, Nystatin,
Ofloxacin, Omeprazol, Ondansetron, Pancreatin, Panthenol, Panto
thensäure, Paracetamol, Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Phenobarbi
tal, Phenoxifyllin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Phenylephrin, Phe
nylpropanolamin, Phenytoin, Piroxicam, Polymyxin B, Povidon-Iod,
Pravastatin, Prazepam, Prazosin, Prednisolon, Prednison, Promo
criptin, Propafenon, Propranolol, Proxyphyllin, Pseudoephedrin,
Pyridoxin, Quinidin, Ramipril, Ranitidin, Reserpin, Retinol, Ri
boflavin, Rifampicin, Rutosid, Saccharin, Salbutamol, Salcatonin,
Salicylsäure, Simvastatin, Somatropin, Sotalol, Spironolacton,
Sucralfat, Sulbactam, Sulfamethoxazol, Sulfasalazin, Sulpirid,
Tamoxifen, Tegafur, Teprenon, Terazosin, Terbutalin, Terfenadin,
Tetracyclin, Theophyllin, Thiamin, Ticlopidin, Timolol, Tranexam
säure, Tretinoin, Triamcinolon-Acetonid, Triamteren, Trimetho
prim, Troxerutin, Uracil, Valproinsäure, Vancomycin, Verapamil,
Vitamin E, Volinsäure, Zidovudin.The process according to the invention is suitable, for example, for processing the following active ingredients:
Acebutolol, Acetylcysteine, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aciclovir, Albra zolam, Alfacalcidol, Allantoin, Allopurinol, Ambroxol, Amikacin, Amilorid, Amino Acetic Acid, Amiodarone, Amitriptylin, Amlodipin, Amoxicillinol, Acidicol Asolamol, Acidicillin, Acidicol Asol, Acid Ascone, Acid Ascone, Acid Ascone, Acid Ascone, Acidic Acid Ascone, Acidic Acid Ascone, Acidic Acid Ascone, Acidic Acid, Acidic Acid Ascone Hydrochloride, ben zocaine, benzoic acid, betamethasone, bezafibrate, biotin, biperiden, bisoprolol, bromazepam, bromhexin, bromocriptine, budesonide, bufe xamac, buflomedil, buspirone, caffeine, camphor, captopril, carba mazepine, caf, cefefroachol, carbidefeflorin xil, cefazolin, cefixim, cefotaxim, ceftazidim, ceftriaxon, cefu roxim, celediline, chloramphenicol, chlorhexidine, chlorophenir amine, chlortalidone, choline, cyclosporin, cilastatin, cimetidine, ciprofloxvitamine, comatinatin acid, cplatinatin acid, cisatinatinapride, cplatinatin acid, cisatinatin acid, cisatinatin acid , Clonidine, clotrimazole, codeine, cholestyramine, cromoglycic acid, cyanocobalamin, cyproterone, de sogestrel, dexamethasone, dexpanth enol, dextromethorphan, dextro propoxiphene, diazepam, diclofenac, digoxin, dihydrocodeine, dihy droergotamin, dihydroergotoxin, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, dipy ridamol, dipyron, disopyramide, ergperidon, erphilinomycinphine, erinophenolinphrine, epinolinophenolin, ephrinylinphrine, dyrinophenol, ephrinol, ephrinol, ephrinol, ephrinol, ephrinol, epinolin, dyrin, dyrin, dyrin, dyrinol Estradiol, ethinylestradiol, etoposide, eucalyptus globe bulus, famotidine, felodipine, fenofibrate, fenoterol, fentanyl, flavin mononucleotide, fluconazole, flunarizine, fluorouracil, fluoxetine, flurbiprofen, furosemide, gallopzilidomide, gemobibiamobi, gibobi amide, gallopamilid, bilobenzyl, gibobyl amide, gallopilimide, giboblomide, gibopilidone, gibopilidone, gibopilidone, gibopilidone, gibopilidone, gallopamilid, biloblasto, gibopilidone, gallopamilid, giboblamide, gibopilidone, bilobenzyl amide, gallopilyl amide, gallopamilid, gibobloyl, gibobenzyl, giboblamide , clozapine, Glycyrrhiza glabra, griseofulvin, guaifenesin, haloperidol, heparin, ronsäure Hyalu, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocodone, hydrocortisone, Morphon, ipratropium hydroxide, ibuprofen, imipenem, indomethacin, iohexol, iopamidol, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, isotretinoin, Ketotifen, Ketoconazole, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, La batalon, Lactulose, Lecithin, Levocarnitin, Levodopa, Levoglut amid, Le vonorgestrel, levothyroxine, lidocaine, lipase, lipramin, lisinopril, loperamide, lorazepam, lovastatin, medroxyprogesteron, menthol, methotrexate, methyldopa, methylprednisolone, metoclopra mid, metoprolol, miconazole, midazolam, minocyclinin, multivililolilililolilililolilililololilminilol . Combinations and mineral salts, N-methylephedrine, naftidrofuryl, naproxen, neomycin, nicardipine, nicergoline, nicotinamide, nicotine, nicotinic acid, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitrazepam, nitrendipine, nizatidine, norethisterone, norfloxinacinatin, norgesyltrinoxin, norgesyltrinoxintrin Omeprazole, ondansetron, pancreatin, panthenol, pantothenic acid, paracetamol, penicillin G, penicillin V, phenobarbi tal, phenoxifylline, phenoxymethylpenicillin, phenylephrine, phe nylpropanolamine, phenytoin, piroxicam, polymyavonin prinone, Prednisone, promo criptin, propafenone, propranolol, proxyphylline, pseudoephedrine, pyridoxine, quinidine, ramipril, ranitidine, reser pin, retinol, ri boflavin, rifampicin, rutoside, saccharin, salbutamol, salcatonin, salicylic acid, simvastatin, somatropin, sotalol, spironolactone, sucralfate, sulbactam, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine, sulpirid, tamoxazin, tfenafin, tenafin, tegafin, tegafin , Theophylline, thiamine, ticlopidine, timolol, tranexamic acid, tretinoin, triamcinolone acetonide, triamterene, trimetho prim, troxerutin, uracil, valproic acid, vancomycin, verapamil, vitamin E, volinic acid, zidovudine.
Bevorzugte Wirkstoffe sind Ibuprofen (als Racemat, Enantiomer oder angereichertes Enantiomer), Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ace tylsalicylsäure, Verapamil, Paracetamol, Nifedipin oder Capto pril. Preferred active substances are ibuprofen (as racemate, enantiomer or enriched enantiomer), ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, ace tylsalicylic acid, verapamil, paracetamol, nifedipine or capto pril.
Zur Herstellung der festen Dosierungsformen wird ein plastisches Gemisch der Komponenten (Schmelze) bereitgestellt, das anschlie ßend einem Formgebungsschnitt unterzogen wird. Das Vermischen der Komponenten und die Bildung der Schmelze können auf unterschied liche Weise erfolgen. Das Vermischen kann vor, während und/oder nach der Bildung der Schmelze erfolgen. Beispielsweise können die Komponenten zuerst vermischt und dann aufgeschmolzen oder gleich zeitig vermischt und aufgeschmolzen werden. Häufig erfolgt noch eine Homogenisierung des plastischen Gemisches, um eine hochdis perse Verteilung des Wirkstoffes zu erhalten.A plastic is used to manufacture the solid dosage forms Mixture of components (melt) provided, which then is subjected to a shaping cut. Mixing the Components and the formation of the melt can differ on Liche way. Mixing can take place before, during and / or after the formation of the melt. For example, the Components first mixed and then melted or the same are mixed in time and melted. Often still happens a homogenization of the plastic mixture to a highly dis to obtain perse distribution of the active ingredient.
Insbesondere bei Verwendung von empfindlichen Wirkstoffen hat es sich aber als bevorzugt erwiesen, zuerst das polymere Bindemit tel, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit üblichen pharmazeutischen Addi tiven, aufzuschmelzen und vorzuvermischen und dann den (die) emp findlichen Wirkstoff(e) in "Intensivmischern" in plastischer Phase bei sehr kleinen Verweilzeiten einzumischen (Homogenisie ren). Der (die) Wirkstoff(e) kann (können) dabei in fester Form oder als Lösung oder Dispersion eingesetzt werden.Especially when using sensitive active ingredients but it turned out to be preferred, first the polymeric binder tel, optionally together with conventional pharmaceutical additives tive, melt and premix and then the emp sensitive active ingredient (s) in "intensive mixers" in plastic Mix in phase with very short dwell times (homogenization ren). The active ingredient (s) can be in solid form or used as a solution or dispersion.
Im Allgemeinen werden die Komponenten als solche in das Herstel lungsverfahren eingesetzt. Sie können jedoch auch in flüssiger Form, d. h. als Lösung, Suspension oder Dispersion zur Anwendung kommen.Generally, the components as such are included in the manufacture process used. However, you can also use it in liquid Shape, d. H. as a solution, suspension or dispersion for use come.
Als Lösungsmittel für die flüssige Form der Komponenten kommt in erster Linie Wasser oder ein mit Wasser mischbares, organisches Lösungsmittel oder ein Gemisch davon mit Wasser in Betracht. Brauchbare Lösungsmittel sind aber auch mit Wasser nicht misch bare oder mischbare, organische Lösungsmittel. Geeignete, mit Wasser mischbare Lösungsmittel sind insbesondere C1-C4-Alkanole, wie Ethanol, Isopropanol oder n-Propanol, Polyole, wie Ethylen glykol, Glycerin und Polyethylenglykole. Geeignete, mit Wasser nicht mischbare Lösungsmittel sind Alkane, wie Pentan oder Hexan, Ester, wie Ethylacetat oder Butylacetat, chlorierte Kohlenwasser stoffe, wie Methylenchlorid und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Toluol und Xylol. Ein weiteres brauchbares Lösungsmittel ist flüssiges CO2.Suitable solvents for the liquid form of the components are primarily water or a water-miscible organic solvent or a mixture thereof with water. However, usable solvents are also water-immiscible or miscible, organic solvents. Suitable water-miscible solvents are, in particular, C 1 -C 4 -alkanols, such as ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, polyols, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycols. Suitable water-immiscible solvents are alkanes such as pentane or hexane, esters such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene. Another useful solvent is liquid CO 2 .
Welches Lösungsmittel im Einzelfall verwendet wird, hängt von der aufzunehmenden Komponente und deren Eigenschaften ab. Beispiels weise kommen pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe häufig in Form eines Sal zes, das im Allgemeinen wasserlöslich ist, zur Anwendung. Wasser lösliche Wirkstoffe können daher als wäßrige Lösung eingesetzt werden oder vorzugsweise in die wäßrige Lösung oder Dispersion des Bindemittels aufgenommen werden. Entsprechendes gilt für Wirkstoffe, die in einem der genannten Lösungsmittel löslich sind, wenn die flüssige Form der zur Anwendung kommenden Kompo nenten auf einem organischen Lösungsmittel basiert.Which solvent is used in the individual case depends on the component and their properties. Example Active pharmaceutical ingredients often come in the form of a sal zes, which is generally water soluble, for use. Water soluble active ingredients can therefore be used as an aqueous solution be or preferably in the aqueous solution or dispersion of the binder. The same applies to Active ingredients that are soluble in one of the solvents mentioned are when the liquid form of the compo used based on an organic solvent.
Gegebenenfalls kann an die Stelle des Aufschmelzens ein Lösen, Suspendieren oder Dispergieren in den oben genannten Lösungsmit teln, falls erwünscht und/oder erforderlich unter Zusatz geeigne ter Hilfsstoffe, wie z. B. Emulgatoren, treten. Das Lösungsmittel wird dann im Allgemeinen unter Bildung der Schmelze in einer ge eigneten Apparatur, z. B. einem Extruder, entfernt. Im Folgenden soll dies von dem Begriff Vermischen umfaßt werden.If necessary, a loosening can take the place of the melting, Suspend or disperse in the above solution If desired and / or necessary, add suitable ter auxiliaries, such as. B. emulsifiers. The solvent is then generally formed to form the melt in a ge suitable equipment, e.g. B. an extruder removed. Hereinafter this is to be encompassed by the term mixing.
Das Aufschmelzen und/oder Vermischen erfolgt in einer für diesen Zweck üblichen Vorrichtung. Besonders geeignet sind Extruder oder gegebenenfalls beheizbare Behälter mit Rührwerk, z. B. Kneter, (wie der unten noch erwähnten Art).The melting and / or mixing takes place in one for the latter Purpose usual device. Extruders or are particularly suitable optionally heated container with agitator, e.g. B. kneader, (like the kind mentioned below).
Als Mischapparat sind insbesondere solche Vorrichtungen brauch bar, die in der Kunststofftechnologie zum Mischen eingesetzt werden. Geeignete Vorrichtungen sind beispielsweise beschrieben in "Mischen beim Herstellen und Verarbeiten von Kunststoffen", H. Pahl, VDI-Verlag, 1986. Besonders geeignete Mischapparaturen sind Extruder und dynamische und statische Mischer, sowie Rühr kessel, einwellige Rührwerke mit Abstreifvorrichtungen, insbeson dere sogenannte Pastenrührwerke, mehrwellige Rührwerke, insbeson dere PDSM-Mischer, Feststoffmischer sowie vorzugsweise Misch- Knetreaktoren (z. B. ORP, CRP, AP, DTB der Firma List oder Reac totherm der Firma Krauss-Maffei oder Ko-Kneter der Fa. Buss), Doppelmuldenkneter (Trogmischer) und Stempelkneter (Innenmischer) oder Rotor/Stator-Systeme (z. B. Dispax der Firma IKA).Such devices are particularly needed as a mixing apparatus bar used in plastic technology for mixing become. Suitable devices are described for example in "Mixing when manufacturing and processing plastics", H. Pahl, VDI-Verlag, 1986. Particularly suitable mixing equipment are extruders and dynamic and static mixers, as well as stirrers kettle, single-shaft agitators with stripping devices, in particular so-called paste agitators, multi-shaft agitators, in particular PDSM mixer, solid mixer and preferably mixing Kneading reactors (e.g. ORP, CRP, AP, DTB from List or Reac totherm from Krauss-Maffei or co-kneader from Buss), Double-bowl mixer (trough mixer) and stamp mixer (internal mixer) or rotor / stator systems (e.g. Dispax from IKA).
Bei empfindlichen Wirkstoffen erfolgt vorzugsweise zunächst das Aufschmelzen des polymeren Bindemittels in einem Extruder und an schließend das Zumischen des Wirkstoffs in einem Misch-Knetreak tor. Bei weniger empfindlichen Wirkstoffen kann man dagegen zum intensiven Dispergieren des Wirkstoffs ein Rotor/Stator-System einsetzen.For sensitive active ingredients, this is preferably done first Melt the polymeric binder in an extruder and on finally adding the active ingredient in a mixing kneading freak gate. With less sensitive active ingredients, however, you can intensive dispersion of the active ingredient a rotor / stator system deploy.
Das Beschicken der Mischvorrichtung erfolgt je nach deren Konzep tion kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich in üblicher Weise. Pulverförmige Komponenten können im freien Zulauf, z. B. über eine Differentialdosierwaage eingeführt werden. Plastische Massen können direkt aus einem Extruder eingespeist oder über eine Zahn radpumpe, die insbesondere bei hohen Viskositäten und hohen Drü ken von Vorteil ist, zugespeist werden. Flüssige Medien können über ein geeignetes Pumpenaggregat zudosiert werden. The mixing device is loaded depending on its concept tion continuously or discontinuously in the usual way. Powdery components can be fed freely, e.g. B. about a differential dosing scale are introduced. Plastic masses can be fed directly from an extruder or via a tooth wheel pump, especially for high viscosities and high pressures ken is advantageous to be fed. Liquid media can be metered in via a suitable pump unit.
Das durch Vermischen und/oder Aufschmelzen des Bindemittels, des Wirkstoffes und gegebenenfalls des Additivs oder der Additive er haltene Gemisch ist teigig bis zähflüssig (thermoplastisch) oder flüssig und daher extrudierbar. Die Glasübergangstemperatur des Gemisches liegt unter der Zersetzungstemperatur aller in dem Ge misch enthaltenen Komponenten. Das Bindemittel soll vorzugsweise in physiologischer Umgebung löslich oder quellbar sein.The by mixing and / or melting the binder, the Active ingredient and optionally the additive or additives holding mixture is doughy to viscous (thermoplastic) or liquid and therefore extrudable. The glass transition temperature of the Mixture is below the decomposition temperature of all in the Ge components contained in the mixture. The binder should preferably be soluble or swellable in a physiological environment.
Die Verfahrensschritte Vermischen und Aufschmelzen können in der selben Apparatur oder in zwei oder mehreren getrennt arbeitenden Vorrichtungen ausgeführt werden. Die Zubereitung einer Vormi schung kann in einer der oben beschriebenen üblichen Mischvor richtungen durchgeführt werden. Eine solche Vormischung kann dann direkt, z. B. in einen Extruder, eingespeist und anschließend ggf. unter Zusatz weiterer Komponenten extrudiert werden.The mixing and melting process steps can be carried out in the the same apparatus or in two or more working separately Devices are executed. The preparation of a Vormi Schung can in one of the usual Mischvor described above directions are carried out. Such a premix can then directly, e.g. B. fed into an extruder and then if necessary with the addition of further components.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt es, als Extruder Ein schneckenmaschinen, kämmende Schneckenmaschinen oder auch Mehr wellextruder, insbesondere Zweischnecken-Extruder, gleichsinnig oder gegensinnig drehend und gegebenenfalls mit Knetscheiben aus gerüstet, einzusetzen. Wenn bei der Extrusion ein Lösungsmittel verdampft werden muß, sind die Extruder im Allgemeinen mit einem Verdampfungsteil ausgerüstet. Besonders bevorzugt sind Extruder der ZKS-Baureihe von Werner u. Pfleiderer.The method according to the invention allows an extruder screw machines, intermeshing screw machines or more shaft extruders, in particular twin-screw extruders, in the same direction or rotating in opposite directions and, if necessary, with kneading disks equipped to deploy. If a solvent during extrusion must be evaporated, the extruders are generally with one Evaporation part equipped. Extruders are particularly preferred the ZKS series from Werner u. Pfleiderer.
Erfindungsgemäß können auch mehrschichtige pharmazeutische Formen durch Koextrusion hergestellt werden, wobei mehrere Gemische aus den oben beschriebenen Komponenten bei der Extrusion so in einem Werkzeug zusammengeführt werden, daß sich der gewünschte Schichtaufbau der mehrschichtigen pharmazeutischen Form ergibt. Vorzugsweise verwendet man verschiedene Bindemittel für verschie dene Schichten.Multi-layer pharmaceutical forms can also be used according to the invention be produced by coextrusion, with several mixtures of the components described above during extrusion in one Tool can be brought together that the desired Layer structure of the multilayer pharmaceutical form results. Different binders are preferably used for various layers.
Mehrschichtige Arzneiformen umfassen vorzugsweise zwei oder drei Schichten. Sie können in offener oder geschlossener Form vorlie gen, insbesondere als offene oder geschlossene Mehrschichttablet ten.Multilayer dosage forms preferably comprise two or three Layers. They can be in open or closed form gene, especially as an open or closed multi-layer tablet ten.
Wenigstens eine der Schichten enthält wenigstens einen pharmazeu tischen Wirkstoff. Es ist auch möglich, einen weiteren Wirkstoff in eine andere Schicht aufzunehmen. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß zwei miteinander unverträgliche Wirkstoffe verarbeitet werden können oder daß die Freisetzungscharakteristik des Wirkstoffes gesteuert werden kann. At least one of the layers contains at least one pharmazeu active ingredient. It is also possible to add another active ingredient to be included in another shift. This has the advantage that two mutually incompatible active ingredients are processed can or that the release characteristics of the active ingredient can be controlled.
Das Ausformen erfolgt durch Koextrusion, wobei die Gemische aus den einzelnen Extrudern oder anderen Aggregaten in ein gemeinsa mes Koextrusionswerkzeug geführt und ausgetragen werden. Die Form der Koextrusionswerkzeuge richtet sich nach der gewünschten phar mazeutischen Form. Beispielsweise sind Werkzeuge mit ebenem Aus trittsspalt, sogenannte Breitschlitzwerkzeuge, und Werkzeuge mit kreisringspaltförmigem Austrittsquerschnitt geeignet. Die Düsen auslegung erfolgt dabei in Abhängigkeit von dem zur Anwendung kommenden polymeren Bindemittel und der gewünschten pharmazeuti schen Form.The molding is done by coextrusion, the mixtures being made from the individual extruders or other units in a common with the co-extrusion tool. Form the co-extrusion tool depends on the desired phar pharmaceutical form. For example, tools are level step gap, so-called wide slot tools, and tools with exit cross-section in the form of an annular gap. The nozzles The design is based on the application upcoming polymeric binder and the desired pharmaceutical shape.
Das erhaltene Gemisch ist vorzugsweise lösungsmittelfrei, d. h. es enthält weder Wasser noch ein organisches Lösungsmittel.The mixture obtained is preferably solvent-free, i.e. H. it contains neither water nor an organic solvent.
Das plastische Gemisch wird in der Regel einer abschließenden Formgebung unterzogen. Dabei kann eine Vielzahl von Formen, je nach Werkzeug und Art der Formung, erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise läßt sich bei Verwendung eines Extruders der extrudierte Strang zwischen einem Band und einer Walze, zwischen zwei Bändern oder zwischen zwei Walzen, wie in der EP-A-358 105 beschrieben, oder durch Kalandrierung in einem Kalander mit zwei Formwalzen, siehe beispielsweise EP-A-240 904, formen. Durch Extrusion und Heiß- oder Kaltabschlag des Stranges können weitere Formen erhalten werden, beispielsweise kleinteilige und gleichmäßig geformte Gra nulate. Die Heißgranulierung führt in der Regel zu linsenförmigen Dosierungsformen (Tabletten) mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 10 mm, während die Kaltgranulierung normalerweise zu zylinderför migen Produkten mit einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Durchmesser von 1 bis 10 und einem Durchmesser von 0,5 bis 10 mm führt. So können einschichtige, bei Anwendung der Koextrusion aber auch offene oder geschlossene, mehrschichtige Dosierungsformen hergestellt werden, beispielsweise Oblongtabletten, Dragees, Pastillen und Pellets. Die erhaltenen Granulate können anschließend auch zu Pulver gemahlen und in üblicher Weise zu Tabletten verpreßt wer den. Mikropastillen können durch das Rotoform-Sandvik-Verfahren hergestellt werden. Diese Dosierungsformen können in einem nach geschalteten Verfahrensschritt nach üblichen Methoden gerundet und/oder mit einem Coating versehen werden. Geeignete Materialien für Filmüberzüge sind z. B. Polyacrylate, wie die Eudragit-Typen, Celluloseester, wie die Hydroxypropylcellulosephthalate, sowie Celluloseether, wie Ethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose oder Hydroxypropylcellulose.The plastic mixture is usually a final one Shaped. A variety of shapes can be used according to the tool and type of shaping. For example the extruded strand can be used when using an extruder between a belt and a roller, between two belts or between two rollers, as described in EP-A-358 105, or by calendering in a calender with two form rollers, see for example EP-A-240 904. By extrusion and hot or cold cutting of the strand can take other forms are, for example, small and evenly shaped Gra nulate. The hot granulation usually leads to lenticular Dosage forms (tablets) with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm, while the cold granulation is usually too cylindrical products with a ratio of length to diameter of 1 to 10 and a diameter of 0.5 to 10 mm leads. So can single-layer, but also open when using coextrusion or closed, multi-layer dosage forms are, for example, tablet tablets, coated tablets, lozenges and Pellets. The granules obtained can then also be added Powder ground and compressed into tablets in the usual way the. Micropastilles can be made using the Rotoform-Sandvik process getting produced. These dosage forms can be taken in one switched process step rounded according to usual methods and / or be provided with a coating. Suitable materials for film covers are e.g. B. polyacrylates, such as the Eudragit types, Cellulose esters, such as the hydroxypropyl cellulose phthalates, as well Cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
Im Einzelnen kann es zur Ausbildung von festen Lösungen kommen. Der Begriff "feste Lösungen" ist dem Fachmann geläufig, bei spielsweise aus der eingangs zitierten Literatur. In festen Lö sungen von Wirkstoffen in Polymeren liegt der Wirkstoff moleku lardispers im Polymer vor.In particular, solid solutions can be formed. The term "solid solutions" is familiar to the person skilled in the art for example from the literature cited at the beginning. In fixed solution Solutions of active ingredients in polymers is the active ingredient molecular lardisperse in the polymer.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren veranschaulichen, ohne es jedoch zu beschränken.The following examples are intended to illustrate the process of the invention illustrate, but without restricting it.
520 g eines Copolymerisates aus 50 Gew.-% Vinylformamid und
50 Gew.-% Vinylpyrrolidon (K-Wert 45,0; 0,1%ig in N-Methylpyrro
lidon) werden mit 480 g Verapamil-Hydrochlorid unter den nachfol
gend angegebenen Bedingungen extrudiert und zu 500 mg-Oblong-
Tabletten nach dem in der EP-A-240 904 beschriebenen Verfahren
kalandriert.
520 g of a copolymer of 50 wt .-% vinylformamide and 50 wt .-% vinylpyrrolidone (K value 45.0; 0.1% in N-methylpyrrolidone) are mixed with 480 g verapamil hydrochloride under the conditions specified below extruded and calendered to 500 mg oblong tablets according to the method described in EP-A-240 904.
Schuß 1:60°C
Schuß 2:95°C
Schuß 3:133°C
Schuß 4:112°C
Schuß 5:94°C
Düse:86°C.Shot 1: 60 ° C
Shot 2: 95 ° C
Shot 3: 133 ° C
Shot 4: 112 ° C
Shot 5: 94 ° C
Nozzle: 86 ° C.
Die Freisetzung nach 1 Stunde betrug 72%, nach 2 Stunden 100% [Paddlemodell nach USP (pH change)].The release after 1 hour was 72%, after 2 hours 100% [USP (pH change) paddle model].
520 g Copolymer aus 50 Gew.-% Vinylamin und 50 Gew.-% Vinylpyrro
lidon werden mit 480 g Verapamil-Hydrochlorid zu 500 mg-Oblong-
Tabletten unter den nachfolgend angegebenen Bedingungen extru
diert und wie oben kalandriert.
520 g copolymer of 50 wt .-% vinylamine and 50 wt .-% vinylpyrrolidone are extruded with 480 g verapamil hydrochloride to 500 mg oblong tablets under the conditions specified below and calendered as above.
Schuß 1:55°C
Schuß 2:85°C
Schuß 3:134°C
Schuß 4:113°C
Schuß 5:102°C
Düse:99°C.Shot 1: 55 ° C
Shot 2: 85 ° C
Shot 3: 134 ° C
Shot 4: 113 ° C
Shot 5: 102 ° C
Nozzle: 99 ° C.
Die Freisetzung nach 1 Stunde betrug 100% [Paddlemodell nach USP (pH change)]. The release after 1 hour was 100% [USP paddle model (pH change)].
500 g Copolymer aus 50 Gew.-% Vinylformamid und 50 Gew.-% Vinyl
pyrrolidon (K-Wert 45,0; 0,1%ig in N-Methylpyrrolidon) werden mit
500 g Vinclozolin extrudiert, gekühlt und granuliert.
500 g copolymer of 50% by weight vinylformamide and 50% by weight vinyl pyrrolidone (K value 45.0; 0.1% in N-methylpyrrolidone) are extruded with 500 g vinclozolin, cooled and granulated.
Schuß 1:63°C
Schuß 2:98°C
Schuß 3:141°C
Schuß 4:152°C
Schuß 5:127°C
Düse:101°CShot 1: 63 ° C
Shot 2: 98 ° C
Shot 3: 141 ° C
Shot 4: 152 ° C
Shot 5: 127 ° C
Nozzle: 101 ° C
Es wurde ein transparentes, röntgenamorphes, in Wasser disper gierbares Granulat erhalten.It became a transparent, X-ray amorphous, dispersed in water obtainable granules.
Claims (10)
worin R1 und R2 jeweils unabhängig voneinander für H oder C1- bis C6-Alkylgruppen stehen, umfaßt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder at least 5 wt .-% units of the formulas
wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently represent H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl groups.
Priority Applications (2)
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DE19753297A DE19753297A1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 1997-12-01 | Process for the preparation of solid dosage forms |
PCT/EP1998/007718 WO1999027909A1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 1998-11-30 | Method for producing solid dosing forms |
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DE19753297A DE19753297A1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 1997-12-01 | Process for the preparation of solid dosage forms |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1028019C2 (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-17 | Holland Novochem B V | Free-flowing, mineral oil-free granulate particles of plant auxiliary agent comprises reaction product of plant auxiliary agent containing nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium and waste flow of natural material containing nitrogen compound |
WO2019112868A1 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-13 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Oral care composition |
RU2776381C2 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2022-07-19 | Джонсон энд Джонсон Консьюмер Инк. | Composition for oral care |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB0102342D0 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2001-03-14 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Pharmaceutical formulation |
TW200526274A (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2005-08-16 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Pharmaceutical formulations |
JP2011503048A (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2011-01-27 | グラクソ グループ リミテッド | Pharmaceutical formulation |
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US4808412A (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1989-02-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Rumen-stable compositions |
DE4012287A1 (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1991-10-24 | Cassella Ag | HYDROCARBON GELS |
JPH0733669A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1995-02-03 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Cholesterol lowering agent |
-
1997
- 1997-12-01 DE DE19753297A patent/DE19753297A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1998
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1028019C2 (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-17 | Holland Novochem B V | Free-flowing, mineral oil-free granulate particles of plant auxiliary agent comprises reaction product of plant auxiliary agent containing nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium and waste flow of natural material containing nitrogen compound |
WO2019112868A1 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-13 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Oral care composition |
CN111432794A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-07-17 | 强生消费者公司 | Oral Care Composition |
RU2776381C2 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2022-07-19 | Джонсон энд Джонсон Консьюмер Инк. | Composition for oral care |
AU2018381169B2 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2024-05-30 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Oral care composition |
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