DE19726023A1 - Infrared spectroscopic process for building materials, e.g. clay - Google Patents
Infrared spectroscopic process for building materials, e.g. clayInfo
- Publication number
- DE19726023A1 DE19726023A1 DE19726023A DE19726023A DE19726023A1 DE 19726023 A1 DE19726023 A1 DE 19726023A1 DE 19726023 A DE19726023 A DE 19726023A DE 19726023 A DE19726023 A DE 19726023A DE 19726023 A1 DE19726023 A1 DE 19726023A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- spectrum
- sample
- building materials
- peak
- quantitative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011431 lime mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N2021/3595—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using FTIR
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur qualitativen und quan titativen infrarotspektroskopischen Bestimmung mineralischer Baustoffe.The invention relates to a method for qualitative and quan quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of mineral Building materials.
Herkömmliche identifizierende Baustoffanalyseverfahren sind Röntgendiffraktion, Röntgenfluoreszenz, sowie naßchemische Tech niken.Conventional identifying building material analysis methods are X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and wet chemical tech niken.
Als nachteilig erweist sich dabei, daß diese Methoden mit einem hohen geräte- und bedienungstechnischen Aufwand und damit nicht unerheblichen Zeit- und Kostenfaktor verbunden sind. Darüber hinaus lassen sich amorphe bis nanokristalline Substanzen durch die Röntgenanalytik nicht erfassen; eine Auswertung von Mehr komponentensystemen wird mit zunehmender Zahl der Spezies unsi cher, für Baustoffe typische Tonminerale sind schwierig zu identifizieren, gestörte Kristalle geben keine eindeutigen Reflexe.It turns out to be disadvantageous that these methods with a high equipment and operating costs and therefore not insignificant time and cost factors are connected. About that In addition, amorphous to nanocrystalline substances can be passed through do not record X-ray analysis; an evaluation of more component systems becomes unsi with increasing number of species clay minerals typical of building materials are difficult to identify, disturbed crystals do not give clear reflections.
Die IR-Spektroskopie ist hinreichend bekannt und wird in den verschiedensten Bereichen der Technik angewendet. Eine Anwendung der IR-Spektroskopie bei der Bestimmung mineralischer Baustoffe ist bisher nur selten erfolgt, wobei die Auswertung manuell durchgeführt wurde. Derartige Auswertungen sind zeit- und ko stenintensiv.IR spectroscopy is well known and is used in the various areas of technology applied. An application IR spectroscopy when determining mineral building materials has rarely been done so far, the evaluation being manual was carried out. Such evaluations are timely and cost-effective very intensive.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, die IR-Spektrosko pie für die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung von minera lischen Baustoffen zu automatisieren. Dabei soll eine eindeutige Bestimmung der verschiedenen Spezies historischer sowie ein zusetzender aktueller Baustoffe ermöglicht werden. Von besonde rem Interesse ist die Identifizierung von Tonmineralien, die mit den bisher angewandten Methoden nur schwer möglich war.The object of the invention is now the IR spectroscope pie for the qualitative and quantitative determination of minera automate building materials. It should be a clear one Determining the different species historically as well as a addition of current building materials are made possible. By particular Rem is interested in the identification of clay minerals with the previously used methods was difficult.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Varianten des Verfahrens ergeben sich im Zusammenhang mit den Unteransprü chen.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method with the Features mentioned claim 1 solved. Advantageous variants of the procedure arise in connection with the subclaims chen.
Aus dem zu bestimmenden Baustoff wird zunächst eine repräsenta tive Probe entnommen, die anschließend homogenisiert und davon ein bestimmter Teil vermahlen wird. Auf die Homogenisierung ist besonderes Augenmerk zu legen, da nur ein kleiner Teil der ent nommen Probe mit einem Einbettungskörper zu einem Probenkörper verpreßt wird (Schritt c).A representative is first made from the building material to be determined tive sample taken, which is then homogenized and from it a certain part is ground. On the homogenization is Pay special attention because only a small part of the ent take sample with an embedding body to a sample body is pressed (step c).
Nun wird das Spektrum des Probenkörpers mittels FTIR-Spektro meter in Transmission aufgenommen und das gewonnene Spektrum in ein Absorbansspektrum umgerechnet.Now the spectrum of the specimen is measured using FTIR spectro meters recorded in transmission and the spectrum obtained in converted an absorbance spectrum.
Anschließend erfolgt die qualitative und quantitative Auswertung
des Spektrums. Dabei wird folgendermaßen vorgegangen:
The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the spectrum then takes place. The procedure is as follows:
- - Analyse der vorhandenen Spezies aus dem Signal-/Rauschverhältnis,- Analysis of the existing species from the Signal / noise ratio,
- - Peak-Separation und eine Bestimmung der Grundlinie und Aus wahl eines geeigneten Grundlinienverfahrens,- Peak separation and a determination of the baseline and off selection of a suitable baseline method,
- - quantitative Auswertung durch eine Peakaufbereitung ent sprechend der Spektrenqualität und des Mischungscharakters der Spezies.- quantitative evaluation using a peak preparation speaking of the spectra quality and the mixture character of the species.
Schließlich werden die nachgewiesenen Spezies benannt und dessen Anteil an der untersuchten Probe angegeben.Finally, the identified species are named and its Proportion of the sample examined is given.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß auf IR-Spektrometer zurückgegriffen werden kann, die zur Stan dardausrüstung analytischer Laboratorien gehören. Das Verfahren als molekülspektroskopische Methode erlaubt die konkrete Be stimmung mineralischer Spezies. Es kann mit geringen Probenmen gen gearbeitet und in kurzer Zeit eine Aussage über die für Baustoffe relevanten Systeme erhalten werden. Dies ist besonders wichtig bei der Sanierung von historischen Bauwerken, über deren Bau- und Zuschlagstoffe wenig Klarheit herrscht, aber auch beim Neubau zur Auswahl der Zuschlag- und Zusatzstoffe.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that IR spectrometers can be used, which go to Stan equipment of analytical laboratories. The procedure as a molecular spectroscopic method, the concrete Be mood of mineral species. It can be done with small samples worked and in a short time a statement about the for Systems relevant to building materials can be obtained. This is special important in the renovation of historical buildings, about their There is little clarity in building materials and aggregates, but also in New building for the selection of additives and additives.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines Ausführungsbei spiels näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:The invention is illustrated below with the aid of an embodiment explained in more detail. The drawings show:
Fig. 1 ein IR-Spektrum für reines Kaolinit in Transmission und ungeglätteter Form Fig. 1 shows an IR spectrum for pure kaolinite in transmission and unsmoothed form
Fig. 2 eine IR-Spektrum einer synthetischen Kalkmörtelmi schung mit 20% Kaolinitanteil in Transmission und ungeglätteter Form Fig. 2 shows an IR spectrum of a synthetic lime mortar mixture with 20% kaolinite in transmission and unsmoothed form
Fig. 3 ein IR-Spektrum eines historischen Kalkmörtels mit 4% Kaolinitanteil in Transmission und ungeglätteter Form Fig. 3 shows an IR spectrum of a historic lime mortar with 4% kaolinite in transmission and unsmoothed form
Fig. 4 ein Diagramm zur Darstellung eines Peakerwartungs bereiches. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a peak maintenance area.
In den Fig. 1 und 2 werden IR-Spektren von Modellsubstanzen gezeigt, die zur Festlegung des Peakerwartungsbereiches gemäß der Fig. 4 dienen. Die Modellsubstanzen liefern also Aussagen darüber, an welchen Stellen auswertbare Peaks einer realen Probe entsprechend der Fig. 3 zu erwarten sind.In Figs. 1 and 2 IR spectra are shown of model substances for determining the peak expected range of FIG. 4 are used. The model substances therefore provide information about the points at which evaluable peaks of a real sample can be expected in accordance with FIG. 3.
Die Herstellung eines Probenkörpers erfolgte folgendermaßen:
Aus einer Mörtelprobe wurden eine Materialmenge von 1 g
entnommen und diese in einer Kugelmühle homogenisiert. Von
dieser homogenisierten Menge wurden 0,1 g in einer
Wolframkarbid-Kugelmühle 15 min lang aufgemahlen. Aus dieser
aufgemahlenen Menge wurde mit 400 g Kaliumbromid eine
Probentablette hergestellt. Anschließend erfolgte die Aufnahme
des FTIR-Spektrums.A test specimen was produced as follows:
A material amount of 1 g was taken from a mortar sample and homogenized in a ball mill. 0.1 g of this homogenized amount was ground in a tungsten carbide ball mill for 15 minutes. A sample tablet was prepared from this ground amount using 400 g of potassium bromide. The FTIR spectrum was then recorded.
Die Spektrenauswertung erfolgte folgendermaßen:
The spectra were evaluated as follows:
- 1. Analyse des Signal-Rauschverhältnisses, durch Bestimmung und Quotientenbildung der Standardabweichung der Extinktionswerte im Bereich 3749 bis 3742 cm-1 und im Bereich 3727 bis 3721 cm-1.1. Analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio, by determining and forming the quotient of the standard deviation of the extinction values in the range 3749 to 3742 cm -1 and in the range 3727 to 3721 cm -1 .
- 2. Entsprechend des bestimmten Quotienten wird die Glättungs quantität festgeschrieben und als (eventl. wiederholte) Methode der gleitenden Mittelwertbildung durchgeführt.2. According to the given quotient, the smoothing Quantity committed and as (possibly repeated) method of moving averages.
- 3. Anschließend werden die Peakerwartungsbereiche 3698 bis 3691 cm-1 und 3623 bis 3615 cm-1 ausgelesen (vgl. Fig. 4). Sofern in diesen Bereichen Peaks auftreten, ist der Nachweis von Kaolinit erfolgt.3. The peak expectation ranges 3698 to 3691 cm -1 and 3623 to 3615 cm -1 are then read out (cf. FIG. 4). If peaks occur in these areas, kaolinite has been detected.
- 4. Nachfolgend wird eine Grundlinienbestimmung durchgeführt, indem eine Tangente (Grundlinie) linear regressiv zwischen den Bereichen 3725 bis 3520 cm-1 und 3520 bis 3515 cm-1 angelegt wird.4. In the following, a baseline determination is carried out by creating a tangent (baseline) linearly regressively between the areas 3725 to 3520 cm -1 and 3520 to 3515 cm -1 .
- 5. Entsprechend der Spektrenqualität (bestimmt durch das Signal- Rauschverhältnis) und dem Mischungscharakter wird bei der Er mittlung der Kaolinitquantität auf ungeglättete oder geglättete Extinktionswerte zurückgegriffen.5. According to the spectrum quality (determined by the signal Noise ratio) and the mixture character is with the Er averaging the kaolinite quantity to unsmoothed or smoothed Absorbance values used.
- 6. Die Ermittlung der quantitativen Werte erfolgt aus der Peak höhe über der Grundlinie.6. The quantitative values are determined from the peak height above the baseline.
- 7. Der Relativwert wird mit dem Intensitätsfaktor (Ermittelt aus Mehrstoff-Modellmischungen der mörtelrelevanten Komponenten zur Kalibration des Systems) multipliziert und kann somit mit den weiterhin bestimmten Komponenten des Mörtels ins Verhältnis gesetzt werden.7. The relative value is determined with the intensity factor (from Multi-component model mixtures of the mortar-relevant components for Calibration of the system) multiplied and can thus with the continue to relate certain components of the mortar be set.
- 8. Anschließend erfolgt die Werteausgabe.8. The values are then output.
Claims (3)
- a) aus dem zu bestimmenden Baustoff eine repräsentative Probe entnommen wird,
- b) anschließend die Probe homogenisiert und ein bestimmter Teil vermahlen wird,
- c) der vermahlene Teil mit einem für die IR-Spektroskopie geeigneten Einbettungsmittel zu einem Probenkörper verpreßt wird,
- d) das Spektrum des Probenkörpers mittels FTIR-Spektrometer in Transmission aufgenommen und in ein Absorbansspektrum umgerechnet wird,
- e) und das Spektrum so ausgewertet wird, daß
- - eine Analyse des Signal/Rauschverhältnisses in Erwar tungsbereichen relevanter Peaks erfolgt,
- - eine Peak-Separation durchgeführt wird und eine Be stimmung der Grundlinie und Auswahl des Grundlinien verfahrens erfolgt,
- - und die quantitative Auswertung durch eine Peakauf bereitung entsprechend der Spektrenqualität und des Mischungscharakters der Spezies erfolgt,
- d) und schließlich die nachgewiesenen Spezies benannt und dessen Anteil an der untersuchten Probe angegeben werden.
- a) a representative sample is taken from the building material to be determined,
- b) the sample is then homogenized and a certain part is ground,
- c) the ground part is pressed to a test specimen using an embedding agent suitable for IR spectroscopy,
- d) the spectrum of the specimen is recorded in transmission by means of an FTIR spectrometer and converted into an absorbance spectrum,
- e) and the spectrum is evaluated so that
- an analysis of the signal / noise ratio in expected ranges of relevant peaks takes place,
- a peak separation is carried out and the baseline is determined and the baseline method is selected,
- and the quantitative evaluation is carried out by a peak preparation according to the spectra quality and the mixture character of the species,
- d) and finally the identified species are named and the proportion of the sample examined is stated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19726023A DE19726023A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Infrared spectroscopic process for building materials, e.g. clay |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19726023A DE19726023A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Infrared spectroscopic process for building materials, e.g. clay |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19726023A1 true DE19726023A1 (en) | 1998-12-24 |
Family
ID=7833017
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19726023A Withdrawn DE19726023A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Infrared spectroscopic process for building materials, e.g. clay |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19726023A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006034913A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Sample preparation for an analysis |
| CN105823742A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-08-03 | 江西耀升钨业股份有限公司 | Method for measuring additive content of tungsten carbide |
| JP2017116476A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 株式会社トプコン | Method for measuring concrete |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2240809A1 (en) * | 1972-08-18 | 1974-02-28 | Siemens Ag | PROCESS FOR DEGRADING SILICATES, IN PARTICULAR CEMENT FLOUR |
| DE3124948A1 (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-03-18 | Société des Ciments Français, 78930 Guerville | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCING SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS |
| DE3517162A1 (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1985-12-05 | Société des Ciments Français, Puteaux | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINING SPECIFIC CEMENT PROPERTIES |
| DE4030699C1 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1991-10-10 | Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh, 7512 Rheinstetten, De | |
| GB2259766A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-24 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | Phase composition of cement |
| WO1993011423A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-10 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Method for predicting cement properties |
| GB2265710A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-06 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | Data compression of FTIR Spectra |
| DE4428920A1 (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-22 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Material prepn. and application of X=ray fluorescence analysis |
-
1997
- 1997-06-19 DE DE19726023A patent/DE19726023A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2240809A1 (en) * | 1972-08-18 | 1974-02-28 | Siemens Ag | PROCESS FOR DEGRADING SILICATES, IN PARTICULAR CEMENT FLOUR |
| DE3124948A1 (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-03-18 | Société des Ciments Français, 78930 Guerville | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCING SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS |
| DE3517162A1 (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1985-12-05 | Société des Ciments Français, Puteaux | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINING SPECIFIC CEMENT PROPERTIES |
| DE4030699C1 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1991-10-10 | Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh, 7512 Rheinstetten, De | |
| GB2259766A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-24 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | Phase composition of cement |
| US5475220A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-12-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method to determine the phase composition of cement |
| WO1993011423A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-10 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Method for predicting cement properties |
| GB2265710A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-06 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | Data compression of FTIR Spectra |
| DE4428920A1 (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-22 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Material prepn. and application of X=ray fluorescence analysis |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CROW,R.F.,CONNOLLY,J.D.: Atomic Absorption Analysis of Portland Cement and Raw Mix Using a Lithium Metaborate Fusion. In: Journal of Testing and Evaluation JTEVA, Vol. 1, No. 5, Sep. 1973, S.pp382-393 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006034913A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Sample preparation for an analysis |
| JP2017116476A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 株式会社トプコン | Method for measuring concrete |
| CN105823742A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-08-03 | 江西耀升钨业股份有限公司 | Method for measuring additive content of tungsten carbide |
| CN105823742B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-06-29 | 江西耀升钨业股份有限公司 | The assay method of additive content in a kind of tungsten carbide |
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