DE1966759A1 - ANTI-SPIN DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

Anti-skid device.

The invention relates to an Anl centrifugal device for a hydraulic vehicle brake system with a brake pressure control valve, its plunger when a wheel slip occurs in the direction of a reduction in the Brake pressure is movable.

Such anti-skid devices that improve the safety of driving of the motor vehicle by preventing the wheels from locking, on the other hand, they can represent a great danger if they are the result of a defect the countermeasure they triggered, namely the brake pressure reduction over a longer period of time Allow time to wait so that the vehicle can no longer be braked during this time can.

For example, if an anti-skid device of the opening said type has a membrane arrangement for controlling the brake pressure control valve, which corresponds to the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the vacuum in the The inlet manifold of the machine is actuated with the assistance of a spring, so can be a defective valve body or failure of the spring of the diaphragm assembly It becomes impossible to restore the brake oil pressure to the original pressure value, so that no more braking effect can be produced.

The invention is based on the object of an anti-skid device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which in the event of its defect a normal Braking operation enabled.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the anti-skid device a safety device is assigned to monitor it, which is an intact Anti-skid device has closed bypass valve X that the brake pressure control valve is connected in parallel and from a fault detection device via a detour signal generating device and a bypass valve control device can be controlled.

If the anti-skid device is defective, it will open Bypass valve so that the brake pressure regardless of the state of the brake pressure control valve can get to the brake cylinders of the wheels.

The invention is explained below with reference to the description of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows: Fig. 1 and 2 a schematic representation of an anti-skid device, FIG Block diagram of a spin signal detection device in which the rotation of the Wheels on both sides of the vehicle is monitored, Fig. 4 is a graphic representation the time dependency of the Brensol pressure, FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a Anti-skid device with a safety device in a brake oil pressure system according to the present invention, Figs. 6 and 7 are views of another embodiment the safety device associated with the brake oil pressure system and the anti-skid device 8 and 9 are views of a bypass valve control device, a Switch and a pressure control valve, as they are according to an embodiment of the Invention-are arranged, -Big. 10 is a circuit of that shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 Device for generating the bypass signal, and Fig. 11 and 12 views of another embodiment of the bypass valve controller.

The anti-skid device according to Figures 1 and 2 includes a braking device 10, a hydraulic pressure control device 11, a compressed air control device 12, a solenoid valve 13 and a signal device which detects a skidding 14 contains.

The braking device 10 comprises a brake pedal 20, a pressure cylinder 21, front wheel cylinder 22 and rear wheel cylinder = 23.

The hydraulic pressure control device 11 includes a brake oil inlet jO and a brake oil outlet 31, the inlet 30 via the line -32 with the Pressure cylinder 21 and the outlet 31 via line 33 to the rear wheel cylinders 23 is connected. The pressure cylinder 21 is actuated by the brake pedal 20 and the brake oil discharged from this pressure cylinder is supplied to the front wheel cylinders 22 and the rear wheel cylinders 23 via the hydraulic pressure control device 11 fed.

In a body 34 of the hydraulic control device 11 is a Plunger 35 provided; around which an oil seal 36 is provided to prevent leakage to prevent the oil.

Brake oil is supplied to the rear wheel cylinders 23 from the pressure cylinder 21 A check valve 37 and a line 33 are supplied via line 32. That Check valve 37 includes an inlet 30, a spring 40, a ball valve 41 and a ball valve seat 42. The compressed air control device 12 comprises a solenoid valve 43, an overflow valve 44 and an overflow valve 45. nas solenoid valve 43 contains a solenoid 46, a valve 47 and a spring 48. The spill valve 44 comprises a valve 49, a spring 50 and a spring adjustment screw 51. The overflow valve 45 includes a valve 52 and a spring 53. The valve 52 has an opening 55 the purpose of which will be described in more detail below.

The spring chamber 56 of the solenoid valve 43 is connected via a line 58 an air chamber 57 of the hydraulic pressure control device 11 is connected. That Overflow valve 44 is attached next to the solenoid valve 43 and via a line 59 and a SuftfiSter 60 connected to the atmosphere. The overflow valve 45 is Via a line 61 with an inlet manifold 62 for the internal combustion engine and connected to a vacuum chamber 63 via a line 64. In the vacuum chamber 63 there is always a certain constant vacuum - such as e.g. a vacuum from - 500 mm Hg.

The solenoid valve 13 includes a solenoid 65, a valve 66 and a spring 67. The solenoid valve 13 is connected to the air filter 60 via a line 68 and via a line 69 likewise to the air chamber 57 of the oil pressure control device 11 connected. When the solenoid 65 is energized, the valve 66 moves against it the tension of the spring 67 in Fig. 1 to the right, making the atmospheric pressure above the air filter 60, line 68, valve 66 and line 69 into the air chamber 57 reached.

The vacuum chamber 63 is separated from the air chamber 57 by a diaphragm 70 separated in a diaphragm chamber 71, the diaphragm 70 being adjacent to the plunger 35 is arranged so that this is normally supported by a spring 72 in the drawing is pushed up.

The spin signal detection device 14 shown in Fig. 3, which detects the rotation of the right and left wheels in the form of pulses two runners 81, 82 on which. -Tooth ne are provided, two electromagnetic Recording devices 83, 84, two pulse shape circles 85, 86, two speed setting devices 87, - 88, deceleration detection devices 89, 90, two Schmitt circles 91, 92 for the right Wheels, two Schmitt circles 93, - 94 for the left wheels, an OR circuit 95 for the device for determining a low delay, to set the lower delay ratio, - an OR circuit 96 for the Means for determining a high deceleration, -um the upper deceleration ratio set a power amplifier 97 for the lower delay ratio, an upper delay ratio power amplifier 98, a device 99 for generating a constant voltage, the magnetic coil 46 for the lower delay ratio, the solenoid 65 for the upper delay ratio, an ignition switch 100, a stop lamp switch 101, right and left safety switches 102 and 103.

While the vehicle is in motion, the electromagnetic Recording devices 83, 84 impulses of the order of 90 impulses per wheel revolution. The pulses generated by the receiving devices 83, 84 become the pulse shape circles 85, 86 to convert the pulses derived from these Aufeahmekreisen into electrical To convert Reohteck impulses. The square pulses obtained by the pulse shaping circuits 85, 86 are given to the speed adjustment device 87, 88, where they are integrated are1 to generate voltages, each proportional to the wheel speed opportunities are. The voltages obtained from the speed detectors 87, 88 are passed on to the delay detection device, where they are differentiated to determine the extent of the change in speed and around Generate voltages proportional to the amount of delay. These the latter voltages are fed to the Schmitt circuits 91, 92 and 93, 94, respectively.

Of these Schmitt circles, the Schmitt circles 91, 93 generate predetermined ones Tensions, if such tensions are applied to them, which correspond to 20 rad / sec2, while the Schmitt circles 92, 94 generate certain predetermined voltages, if they are subjected to voltages corresponding to 30 rad / sec.

The OR circuit 95 receives the outputs from the Schmitt circuits 91, 93 is supplied so that this OR circuit has an output if one of the two Outputs reached a predetermined value, and on the OR circuit 96 are the Outputs from the Schmitt circuits 92, 94 given so that this OR circuit is a Output generated when one of the two outputs reaches a predetermined value.

On the other hand, if both delays fall below predetermined values, their output voltages become zero.

The output obtained from the ÖDER circuit 95 is applied to the power amplifier 97 by which this is amplified and by the output current from this Power amplifier 97 is energized by the Nat7 ', netspule 46 during that of the OR circuit 96 output obtained is given to the power amplifier 98 in order to do so amplify that by the output current from the power amplifier 98 the solenoid 65 is excited.

The safety switches 102, 103 act in such a way that they switch off the currents, which flow through the solenoids 46, 65, thereby preventing the solenoids 46, 65 allow currents to pass due to the lowering of the membrane, which is used for this; the brake oil pressure to decrease further, so that this no longer exerts a braking effect when the power amplifier 97 or 98 are defective.

When the wheel deceleration reaches 20 radjsec2, the valve 47 is closed the actuation of the solenoid valve 43 in Fig. 1 moves to the right, whereby the Air chamber 57 is disconnected from the air inlet manifold 62. In this way the air pressure in the air chamber 57 is regulated (lower than atmospheric pressure), since the air discharged from the air filter 60 via the line 59 counteracts the valve 49 the tension of the spring 50 pushes to the left. On the other hand, the vacuum chamber 63 with the intake manifold 62 of the internal combustion engine via a check valve 104 connected, whereby the pressure in the vacuum chamber is kept constant. on The reason for the pressure difference between the air chamber 57 and the vacuum chamber 63 is the membrane 70 moves downwards against the tension of the spring 72 in the drawing, so that the plunger 35, which is arranged on the diaphragm, moves downwards (Fig. 1, 2), whereby the ball valve 41 comes to rest against the valve seat 42, so that the brake oil for the wheel cylinder 23 of the rear wheels is shut off, wherein the volume of an oil chamber 39 increases because the tappet 35ig. 1, 2) after moves downwards, whereby the brake oil pressure is reduced to the inhibition or the Unlock the rear wheel, which is illustrated by the curve AB in FIG will.

When the deceleration of the wheels is a predetermined value, such as a If a value lower than 20 rad / sec2 is reached, the solenoid 43 is switched off, see above that the valve 47 returns to its left position in the drawing, in which the Air chamber 57 is separated from the tuft filter 60, while the valve 52 is against the tension of the spring 53 moves to the right in the drawing, causing the air can escape in the air chamber 57 to the inlet manifold. In this The trap increases if one assumes, that the valve 52 of the overflow valve is stich 45 closes again when there is a pressure difference of about 100 mm Hg occurs, the brake oil pressure corresponding to the curve BC; if the oil pressure is as shown in Fig. 4, when the point marked C 'is reached, the valve 52 closes and the air flows gradually through the opening 55. This reverses the brake oil pressure as the ball valve 41 gradually lifts off its valve seat 42, gradually returning to its normal value back, which is represented by the line C'CD in FIG.

If the angular decelerations of the wheels are relatively large, so that they are about 30 rad / sec², the solenoid 65 is energized, whereby the valve 66 moves to the right in the drawing, so that air out of the air filter 60 via the line 68, the valve 66 and the line 69 into the air chamber 57 is initiated. in this case the atmospheric pressure acts directly on the membrane 70 on, and the tappet 35 is lowered further than with the low wheel decelerations, whereby the pressure in the wheel cylinders 23, since the passage is filled with brake oil and the volume of the oil chamber 105 increases, decreases sharply, which is indicated by d-ie Curve ABEF is shown in FIG.

If ~ the spin signal given to the solenoid valve 13 is switched off is, the solenoid valve 13 is switched off and the valve 66 closes. if continue - the spin signal to the solenoid 43 switched off is, the valve 47 closes so that the air in the air chamber 57 via the Line 58 and the overflow valve 45 is discharged into the inlet manifold. In this case, the brake oil pressure changes according to the line FG'GD in Fig. 4th

The overflow valve 45 is provided for the purpose that the brake oil pressure, since this is reduced when the inhibition or the blockage is released, is gradually lowered on its way, so that a shock wave is prevented formed and the decrease in the brake oil pressure is prevented and repeated Kickback occurs, which reduces the braking distance.

From the above description, it can be seen that the angular delay both the right and left wheels are detected, thereby achieving is that an inevitable actuation takes place even if only a spin or locking of the wheels on one side occurs. This is an advantage of the present invention is that the safety of the motor vehicle against skidding is improved.

In Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an anti-skid device one safety device according to the invention shown in the brake oil pressure system, the system comprising a braking device 10, an anti-skid device 105 and a security device 106.

The braking device 10 comprises a brake pedal 20, a pressure cylinder 21, front wheel cylinder 22, rear wheel cylinder 23 and a line connecting them 32.

The anti-skid device 105 contains a sling or. Locking device 108, a device 109 for. Generation of an anti-skid signal, a tension control device 110 and a pressure control valve lii.

The safety device 106 comprises a device 112 for detection a fault, a device 113 for generating a bypass signal, a the bypass valve controlling device 114 and a bypass valve 115, which is normally closed is.

The bypass valve 1-15 is normally closed during operation, so that when the brake pedal 20- is depressed, the oil pressure to achieve a braking effect via a line 32 and the pressure control valve 111 on the wheel cylinder 23 is given. However, if the wheel deceleration a predetermined Value reached by the brake pedal 20 is abruptly depressed, is through the Device 109 for generating an anti-skid or anti-brake lock signal an anti-skid or anti-brake block signal generated by the valve control device 110 is fed so that this closes the pressure control valve 111, whereupon the dem Wheel cylinder 23 supplied oil pressure is reduced, so that the locking of the wheel is avoided.

When the wheel deceleration decreases below a predetermined value Has been - which corresponds to the value at which the anti-skid bz> Z. Anti-brake lock device begins to work, the device stops operating, reducing the oil pressure can return to its original value.

If the anti-skid device is defective, it will reverse the wheel cylinder 23 supplied oil pressure does not return to its original value even then, when the delay is decreased. That is, even if the brake pedal 20 is depressed, there is insufficient oil pressure on the wheel cylinder 23 can be so that there is no braking effect. To remedy this disadvantage, a safety device 106 is specified according to the present invention, the detects the damage to the anti-skid device and the bypass valve 115 opens by the bypass signal, so that another oil passage is created so that braking can be carried out, although the anti-skid device is defective.

The safety device starts to work when the damage occurs of the anti-skid device 105 is detected via a line which is shown in FIG. 5 is represented by a dashed line 116. The damage is done establishes who is decreasing the oil pressure for a predetermined period of time remain. That is, if the oil pressure does not rise again after a predetermined period of time has returned to its original value, the device 112 switches to detection the failure of the device, the means 113 for preventing the bypass signal to generate the bypass signal through which the valve control device 114 is switched so that the bypass valve 115 is opened, whereby the wheel cylinder 23, the oil pressure is supplied via the valve 115, so that braking is carried out can be.

6 and 7 is an embodiment of the safety device shown attached to the brake oil pressure system and the anti-skid device is, wherein the security device 106 is the device or the counter 112 for determining the failure of the anti-skid device, a device 113 for generating a bypass signal, a bypass valve 115 and its control device 114, a solenoid valve 117, a warning lamp 118 and a switch 119 comprises. Of the Switch 112 for detecting the failure of the anti-skid device, the solenoid valve 117, the switch 119 and the warning lamp 118 are each electrical with the device 113 connected to generate the bypass signal, while a first opening 120 of the solenoid valve 117 with the vacuum chamber 63, a second opening 123 with the valve control device 114 and a third port 124 is connected to the atmosphere.

8 and 9, the bypass valve controller 114s is shown the switch 119 and the pressure control valve 11 are shown. The bypass valve control device 114 includes a diaphragm chamber 126 with a diaphragm 127 dividing the chamber in two Mebranknmmern, the air chamber 128 and the vacuum chamber 129y subdivided, divided, a spring 130 to bias the diaphragm 127 upwards, a plunger 131, which moves with the diaphragm 127 in the vertical direction, with on the plunger 131 recesses 132 and 133 are formed, several oil seals 134, 135 and 136 to prevent oil from leaking, an air outlet 1-37 to prevent that air mixes with the oil, a locking pin 138, a dust cap 139 and lines 140, 141 to the pressure control valve 11 with the Bypass valve 115 to connect.

If during the operation of the valve control device 114 both the air chamber 128 and the vacuum chamber 129 are connected to the atmosphere, the diaphragm 127 is moved upward in the drawing by the tension of the spring 170 pressed so that the line 140 is not connected to the line 141.

When the vacuum chamber 129 using a vacuum source (not shown) is evacuated, the membrane 127 is caused by the pressure difference between the air and the vacuum chamber 128, -129 against the tension of the spring 130 in the drawing pressed downwards so that the plunger 131 moves downwards in the drawing, whereupon the line 140 is connected to the line 141 via the recess 132 and wherein furthermore the locking pin 138 engages in the recess 133, so that the switch 119 is switched over.

In Fig. 10 is a circuit of the device 113 for generating a Bypass signal, as shown in Fig. 5, shown. This facility 113 contains the. Switch 119, which has a first terminal 143, an arm 144 which is connected to the first terminal 143 is connected, a second terminal 145 and one third terminal 146 comprises a DC voltage source 147 connected between the terminal 143 of the switch 119 and ground 148 is connected, a device 142 for generating a constant voltage connected at one end to terminal 145 of switch 119 is connected, a first resistance element 150 for generating a voltage drop between the means 142 for generating the constant voltage and the ground 148, a switch 112 connected between the resistance element tso and ground 148 is connected, a second resistance element 152, which at one end to the connection point 153 of the first resistor 150 and switch 112 and at its other end is connected to a third resistance element 454 and a diode 155 which connected in parallel to each other, a capacitor 156 connected between the others Connection point 157 of third resistor 154 and diode 155 and ground 148 is connected, a fourth resistance element 158, which is at a point with the connection point 157 and connected at its other end to the cathode side of a Zener diode 159 is, a solenoid 160 connected at one end to the terminal 143 of the switch 119 connected, a controlled pnpn silicon rectifier 161, of which a grid is connected to the anode of the diode 159, while another anode of this rectifier is connected to the solenoid 160 at the other end thereof, and its cathode to wet 148, and a warning lamp 162, which is between the terminal 146 and ground 148 is switched.

The voltage of the DC voltage source can be 12 volts, such as it is usually used in an automobile. The one between the establishment 142 for generating the constant tension and wet 148 lying tension can 10 Volts. The switch 112 can consist of a normally closed switch exist.

During operation, the switch 112 is normally closed is, the connection point 153 to ground., so that it is at a voltage of zero volts lies. When switch 112 is opened, capacitor 156 begins to overflow to charge resistors 150, 152 and 154. Assuming that the time constants the resistors 150, 152 and, 154 and the capacitor 15eS are suitably selected, the voltage at junction 157 increases as shown in the graph is shown at the lower end of Fig. 10, such that they are within a Second; after switch 112 has been opened, rises to 6 volts. If switch 112 within one second of being opened, is closed, the capacitor 156 discharges through the diode 155, the resistor 152 and the switch 119, 9o that the potential at the connection point 157 is not 6 volts reached.

The Zenc-r-l) iode 159 has such a characteristic that it conducts when 6'Volt is applied to the diode. When approximately 6 volts from the connection point 157 are applied to the cathode of the diode 159 via the fourth transistor 158, this goes into the conductive state, so that a current through the grid of the Controlled silicon rectifier 161 flows., So that this is conductive, whereby a current flows through the solenoid 160 and actuates the solenoid valve 117.

Returning to FIGS. 6 and 7, the mode of operation of the safety device attached to the brake oil pressure system and the anti-skid device will be described in detail.

If the two 72 in the diaphragm chamber 71 is defective, or if the opening of the overflow valve is blocked, the membrane 70 can despite the action of the spring 72 does not move upward in the drawing, whereby the The plunger 35, the movement of which is coordinated with that of the diaphragm 70, is lowered State is held so that the ball valve -41 located at its end is closed remain. It follows that even when the brake pedal 20 is depressed, none Sufficient oil pressure is given to the wheel cylinder 23, which is why the pin 164 of switch 112 is extended so that the switch 112 is open is.

If the diaphragm 70 remains lowered for more than a second, the switch 112 (FIG. 10) also remains open for longer than one second. I.e., that, as already described above, the controlled silicon gel converter 161 conducts, whereby it energizes the solenoid 160 so that the solenoid valve 117 is actuated will.

If the solenoid valve 27 is not in the actuated state, the opening 124 is connected to the opening 123, so that the vacuum chamber 129 of the valve control device 114 is connected to the air. Since the air chamber 128 is always connected to the atmosphere, the diaphragm 127 remains through the spring 150 raised in the drawing.

When the solenoid valve 117 is operated, the port 120, the Via the vacuum chamber 63 of the membrane chamber 71 with the inlet manifold 62- the -Connected internal combustion engine, also connected to the opening 1Z3, while the connection of the opening 123 to the opening 124 is interrupted. From this it follows that the vacuum chamber 129 of the valve control device 114 via the openings 120, 123 is evacuated by the negative pressure in the inlet manifold 62, and that the membrane 127 by the pressure difference between the air chamber 128 and the Vacuum chamber 129 of the valve control device 1t4 against the pressure the spring 130 in the drawing downwards': is pressed. How best from the 8 and 9, the recess 132 moves as the diaphragm moves 127 moved downwards together with the plunger 131, so that the lines 140, 141 with each other are connected and at the same time the locking pin 138 into the recess 133 intervenes.

If line 140 is connected to line 141, what will best 'from Figs. 6 and 7 can be seen, - a bypass, line for the Formed oil passage which is closed by the ball valve 41, whereby the Brake oil pressure is given to the wheel cylinder 23. When the locking pin 138 (Fig. 8 and 9) is engaged in the recess 133, the arm 144 of the switch 119 is switched from terminal 145 to terminal 1lP6, so that the warning lamp 162 is lit, indicating that there is a fault in the anti-skid device, However, that the safety device is still in operation, so that the driver still can brake, but at the same time also perceives that there is a fault in the anti-skid device is present.

In the following, a further embodiment is intended with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12 of the valve control device 114 will be explained. This valve control device 114 'includes the plunger 131' the steep 1E '£ ?, 166 aufwe-ist, -die having a reduced diameter, a valve chamber 167 contained in a body 168 of the control device 114 'is formed, the line 140', which is connected to the valve chamber 167 is connected, which a hinge valve 169 umln.r; t, which is attached to it, so that when valve 169 opens, valve chamber 167 communicates with line 141 ' will.

The articulated valve 169 has a valve body 170, a valve stem 171, a snap ring 172 and a spring 173-, the left end of the valve stem 171 in the drawing against the recess 166 of the plunger. 131 is present.

During the operation of the valve control device specified above 114 moves the plunger 131 @ when sich.die membrane 127 in the drawing downwards moves, with its recess 166 formed therein, likewise downwards, with the left end of the valve stem 171 in the drawing, the one with the plunger 131 'is in engagement with the recess 156, also moved downwards, see above that the body 170 inclines, whereby the valve chamber 167 with the line 141'in Connection is coming. This creates a connection from line 140 'via the valve chamber 167 with the line 141 '.

Of course, the control device 114 can have a braking effect also = exercise by opening another brake oil passage when the anti-skid device becomes defective.

From the above description it appears that the bypass valve opens when the anti-skid device. becomes damaged, always a brake can be carried out, - and that indicated to the driver at the same time by the warning lamp becomes that the anti-skid device is defective.

Claims (6)

Claims 1. Anti-skid device for a hydraulic automotive braking system with a brake pressure control valve whose plunger when a wheel slip occurs is movable in the direction of a reduction in the brake pressure, characterized in that that the anti-skid device has a safety device to monitor it is assigned, which is a closed with intact anti-skid device bypass valve (115), since @ the brake pressure control valve is connected in parallel and from one Fault detection device (112) via a detour signal generating device (113) - and a bypass valve control device (1i4) can be controlled. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a warning lamp (118), which is electrically connected to the detour signal generating device (113), and by a switch (119) to operate the warning lamp. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the fault detection device (112), a solenoid valve (117), the switch (119) and the warning lamp (118) electrically are connected to the detour signal generating device (113), and that a first Opening (120) of the solenoid valve (117) is connected to a vacuum chamber (63), a second opening (123) with the valve control device (114) and a third Opening (124) is connected to the atmosphere. 4. = Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bypass valve control device (11) has a diaphragm chamber (126) contains a membrane '(127) which divides the membrane chamber into two chambers, with a spring (130) to bias the diaphragm (127) upward, and with one Plunger (131) which moves with the membrane (127) perpendicular to the membrane, wherein the tappet recesses (132, 133), several oil seals (13, 135, 136) to prevent, the escape of oil, a ventilation device (137) to prevent mixing of air with oil, a locking pin (138), a dust cap (139) and lines (140, 141) to connect the pressure control valve (125) to the bypass valve. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the bypass signal generating means (113) includes: a Switch (119) connecting a first terminal (143), an arm (144)> the one with the first Terminal (143) is connected, a second terminal (145) and a third = terminal (146) having. a DC voltage source (147) connected between the first Terminal (143) of switch (119) and ground (148) is connected, a device (142) to generate a constant voltage applied at one end to the clamp (145) of the switch (119) is connected to a first resistance element (150) for Generation of a voltage drop between the DC voltage source (147) and the Device for generating a constant voltage (142), a switch (112), which is connected between the first resistance element (150) and ground (148): a second resistance element (152) having one end connected to the connection point (153) of the first resistor (150) and the switch (112) is connected, a third Resistance element (ins4) and a diode (155) connected in parallel to each other and both of which are connected on one side to the second resistor (152) , a capacitor - (156) connected between the other connection point (157) between the third resistor (154) and the diode (155) and ground (148) is connected, a fourth resistance element (158) which has one end connected to this connection point (157) is connected, a Zener diode (159), the cathode side with d-em fourth resistor (158) connected to a solenoid (160) at one end connected to the terminal (144) of the switch (119) is a controlled pnpn silicon rectifier (161), one grid of which is connected to the anode of the Zener diode (159), where the anode of the rectifier is connected to the solenoid (160) at its other end is> -and its cathode is connected to ground (148), and a warning lamp (162) die- is connected between the terminal (146) and ground (148). 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that the bypass valve controller (114 ') includes: one Plunger (131 ') = which has parts (165, 166) with reduced diameter, a valve chamber (167), which is formed in a body part (168) of the control device (114 '), Lines (140 ', 141') which are connected to the valve chamber (167), which a therein mounted hinge valve (169) which is arranged such that the valve (168) is connected to line (141) when the articulation valve (169) opens, wherein the articulated valve (169) has a valve body (170), a valve stem (171) and a snap ring (173), and wherein the end of the spring facing Valve plunger with one of the recesses (166) of the plunger (131) engages. L e r s e i t e