DE1964506A1 - Method and device for orienting electrically conductive bodies by means of a magnetic field - Google Patents

Description

196450Q

Institute Fiziki AlT Latviiskoi SSR

PROCEDURE "UHD EQUIPMENT FOR ORIENTATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE BODIES THROUGH BIN MAGNETIC FIELD ...

The present invention relates to a method for the orientation of electrically conductive bodies by a magnetic field and devices for its implementation. she can be used in various branches of industry, in particular for the automation of long distances in the orientation of various Individual parts during their manufacture and when assembling. © a different assemblies »machines, apparatus and devices from these individual parts are used, Bs is a method for the orientation of electrical tables

001021/1211; ".-"::. ..--

conductive bodies known to act on the interaction of the

the

Magnetic field of a permanent magnet with the alternating currents induced in bodies to be oriented is based (copyright of the USSH No. 181481, class 49c, ^ O / Ol, 1966).

The known method is beset with a number of serious drawbacks: limited applications because the mt have to be oriented body have a shape which ensures the through-flow of the induced currents in them in certain sightings; insufficient exact orientation of the body due to the vibration, complexity of the device for carrying out the known method and the like.

The present invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages listed.

The invention is based on the object of providing a method with simple with leg an exact orientation of a larger Heihe of electrically conductive, preferably non-magnetic bodies allows Ψ, as well as to provide a means for realizing this method.

This object is achieved in that, according to the invention, the bodies are oriented by an alternating magnetic field, its frequency under the condition of a given ratio of the inductive resistance to the effective resistance of the » the body is enough. It can be useful here to use these two To make resistances the same.

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BATHROOM

It is useful to have an inhomogeneous magnetic field act on the body to be oriented, the induction of which increases towards the orientation zone. The orientation direction of the body can be selected by changing the direction of the magnetic field or by changing the frequency of the current. . . - -, μ

It is also useful to refer to the ones to be oriented Body by the magnetic field of a group of alternating current pulses, if the duration of each group is not less than one period of the current of the chosen frequency. The duration of the pause between the pulse groups is determined set according to the condition that the body to be oriented during its passage through the orientation zone acting magnetic field is generated by at least one pulse group.

The device for the implementation of the-.Procedure- for the ' Orientation of electrically conductive bodies can be an electromagnet with a magnetic conductor between its poles the orientation zone is located, and represent a winding in series with a capacitor, which is connected to This> forms an oscillating circuit which is based on the frequency of the AC power source is tuned, which the electromagnet and the one for the pulse-like supply of the electromagnet

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BAD ORIGINAL ·. ".-," -

caring controlled switch., feeds.

The poles of the electromagnet can be specified in the Device for the orientation of electrically conductive bodies in the form of their tips facing one another Pyramids are formed.

The magnetic conductor is expediently with variable, evenly decreasing cross-section in the direction of the poles α executed. It is also desirable that the poles have a shape who have an expansion of the orientation zone in sighting guaranteed from the beginning to the end of the zone. It is also expedient that the sides facing the orientation zone the pole vertical and / or at an angle to the vertical arranged! laugh daretell-en. "

The execution of the orientation zone is advantageous turned pole side as surfaces with double curvature.

It is desirable now to equip the magnetic conductor with at least one pole piece, which consists of individual adjustable wires that can be fixed in relation to one another, the number and the length of the wire. / which of the wires is selected according to the required, given accuracy for approximating the required shape of the pole piece. ".."

Jis is convenient to the turns of the winding of the electromagnet to distribute over the whole Iv'lagnetleiter.

Diü device for the orientation of electrical leading corpora can also have at least two equal

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BATH ORIGINAL

axially arranged coils are executed in the middle and the orientation zones are located between the end faces.

The proposed method can be simple and universal Be realized, Bs offers many opportunities for orientation in their facilities iOrm various individual parts, e.g. brackets, boxes, sleeves with holes or slots, their orientation according to known Procedure is impossible or significant difficulties prepares.

The proposed method allows orientation of asymmetrical individual parts, e.g. bushings with bores and slots, orientation of symmetrical and asymmetrical individual parts to the outside (protrusions, bores etc. *) and internal (hidden) structural features (inner ribs, partitions, etc.) as well as active orientation from any to a given day from to carry out both moving and immovable parts with simple means.

The proposed facilities for orientation of electrically conductive bodies are structurally uncomplicated, simple and reliable in operation, inexpensive and universal.

In these facilities there is an exact orientation of the individual parts . executed without vibration. The orientation

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of individual parts can be carried out both on a firm basis and in a weightless state, e.g. ⁱⁿ free fall or when moving over a vibration chute when these individual parts are in the orientation zone.

The following is the proposed method and the

Devices for the orientation of electrically conductive

the bodies in concrete execution sb ei sp rl s according to the invention explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. Ivs Schematic representation of the proposed Device for the orientation of electrically conductive bodies;

Pig. 2 the influence of the frequency of the alternating current on the direction of body orientation;

_Ä Fig. 3 (a, b, and c) -vscheaatic representation of the pre-

beaten establishment with pyramidal poles and their Mode of action;

Fig. 4 bracket with different training features, according to which they are oriented with the device according to FIG can be;

3 shows an electromagnet for the proposed device, whose magnetic conductor has a variable, in PoI-

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_ 7 -

direction has uniformly decreasing cross-section;

one

Fig. 6 (a, b, and G) ^v schematic representation of the proposed device with Poland whose shape ensures an expansion of the orientation zone in the direction from the beginning to the end of this zone, and its operation;

Flg. 7 a pole piece made of individual, adjustable and wires that can be fixed to one another; one

Fig. 8v _{S is a} schematic representation of a device which

contains two coaxially arranged windings *

The essence of the proposed method is as follows

A body, e.g. the bracket 1 (Fig. 1), is provided with a magnetic alternating, field-oriented by placing it in the orientation zone 2 introduces, which is located between the pole pieces 3 of the electromagnet * located on the magnetic conductor 4 of the The winding ^ is inserted into the electromagnet * The winding 5 of the electromagnet is fed from the alternating current source 6, the voltage and frequency of which is known from living Procedures can be regulated.

The frequency of the current is based on the specified ratio between the inductive and effective resistance the orienting body was chosen. Most of the time it is most expediently to set such a frequency of the current, where the inductive and the effective resistance of the to

009828/1268

orienting bodies are equal to each other " maximum momentum of the forces acting on the body is reached. For example, "corresponds to the frequency 850 Hz for the in

shown bracket made of 1.5 mm thick aluminum sheet with ^ dimensions 10 χ 10 χ 15 mm the equality of its inductive and its "effective resistance. iiby the connection ^ of ^ capacitors *? ίη series" with the winding 5 is a frequency of the Power source 6 tuned resonant circuit ¹ geffild ^^ for more effective orientation of the body'and "the" reduction of the iiaumbedarfs of the corresponding auf'Fig. 1 schematically shown device for the orientation "the body is contributed.

By changing the shape of the Tol shoes 3, the 'required inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in the orientation rest zone' is created. Ίη Fig, · Ϊ 'Pölscnulie are shown, which are made of a' multitude of Tla'eTlleh, adjustable and mutually fixable 'slats boatöhen, what the "Ei'zielürig the necessary form * d ^l er Polscliuiie ei'iiiogliahtV 0ie wedge-shaped training 'the' pole shoes ^; "ensures bine 'increase the induction in Rieh- ¹ - tung" Hur Orlbntieriurg'szone, thereby generating "eiheh kön-'"zentriöi'tenifeghtitiluß, ^l * according to any one of the distinguishing features itaxin with the mail veröohiedene Είήζβϊ ΐϊδ ^ "'^ orient. ', ""

TIm dl ^ Ori ^ it ^ t ^ ungsrichtung ^ der! (Örper ¹ , * ^Ä z ';B.' Des Einzel teüeis * £ j 'z "u' altendilrii ', * # §ohselt man & ίέ Kiöhtung des'Marinet- 'v

the ^; > - * ^

0098 2 8/126 Qg / il.t \ $ t BAD ORIGiNAt

mutual arrangement of the pole pieces achieved.

If one acts on the supply source 6 with the controlled switch 8, then the winding 5 of the electromagnet is not fed with continuous alternating current, but with a group of pulses which represent alternating current oscillations with a selected frequency. In this case, with the same energy expenditure as with the continuous supply of the winding 5 of the electromagnet by increasing μ the current strength of the supply source 6 during its pulse-like operation, the moment of the forces acting on the body to be oriented (individual part) can be significantly increased and consequently the effectiveness of the Significantly increase orientation.

But if one assumes that the same size will be maintained the moment of the body to be oriented (individual part) acting forces as in the case of continuous feeding, one obtains a with a pulsed feeding operation substantial reduction in the power consumption of the electromagnet. The facility itself can deal with significantly " smaller dimensions. Big savings also results from the fact that the electromagnet is only fed with current pulses when the item is in the Orientation zone is located.

The duration of the supply of the electromagnet must be pulse-like Operation be at least one period of the current of the selected frequency, the groups of ötroinimpulflen

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- ίο .-

given with such a repetition frequency that at least one alternating current pulse (an oscillation of the alternating current of the selected frequency) flows through the winding 5 of the electromagnet when the individual part is in the orientation zone. For changing the direction of orientation of individual workpieces that have both internal and external training features, it is useful to set the frequency of the alternating current. Let us consider, for example, how the individual part 9 (Fig * 2) feeds the electromagnet is oriented with a low-frequency current when the skin effect has practically no influence and the magnetic flux passes through the entire item 9. It is obvious that in this case the interaction of the magnetic field with the inner hip IO of the item 9 through the Field induced currents is decisive for the orientation, and the single part extends with the rib along the field direction adjusts by changing over to position ^ '. Will the Electromagnet fed by a current with a higher frequency, in which the magnetic flux does not penetrate through the surface of the individual part to its inner rib 10 due to the skin effect, so the individual part 9 will move into the other position 9 * ' to adjust. This is explained by the fact that in this case the Interaction between the magnetic field and the currents induced in the large-area sides of the surface by the magnetic field is decisive for the orientation. Got there

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in: dCe, Orientierungsfpne schön iiuder. oriented iiagei * so will; this Ii ^ agg 'also beija Äus; ferii ;; tj; of,,. Singles--,. t-eiiesjatüs ^ jäieE "^^ QiPit ^ iEl & ierungszon? ι -reserve-ß · ... ^. ,," -,, ..- ". ■ ~: ',:» /.' iEs ^ is / izu. i ^ eachiieni &&% _; fi ^e '- | li) ir, i _; chiung ^, - ziur .., carrying out the, ^ orgeschlageiien; Yerf almens ;, _; z .B ^ the. -in 5 £ g _; .. . 1, shown

runes zone located in the Eluß ^^ EijP; zeLteile _{> s} uii depending, ig from her-

he mutual adjustment VOF of the orientation zone; even if - these parts of the Biazel were not, by one and he was guaranteed; Then these determined legal positions are to be oriented between the <§en.JSferkatüGliceB, reserved; whatever, automation

i -I ^ duldiiLonsyprgangeii ,. ζ .JB ... Me ■%. the automa-,

n benefit _v ift · - ~.

DieiJvlB- ^ f | g «- Q ^ & zkgtio, ., Linr ^ cktung; ipt ^ thereby.gQkenn * _r?

; pd _{r? j} . die .. PQrm., y, Qn _; , ..., _r

e $ 5ipgl.4cht _r , d | tp .; ^ iischnuren ".des, Magnetf 1 us se s in ^ dej ^ Art j & ine, s," ^ "ghmalen Bündgl ^^ Mhfl ^ ajk the workpieces to be presented _n .. i ^ _r , d ^ e. ^ Ori. en ^ ieruQgszone, so ^ a that the training feature, naei ^ ide ^ s ^ e ^ i? ^ in height of the in

a small bundle of tied up magnetic flux lies, in this way, an exact orientation of the workpieces according to the selected training feature can be ensured.

For example, the symmetrical brackets 12 (Fig. 3a) with

Q0S828 / 1268 BATH ORIGINAL

Pyramids, aaf ^ Ssen , .zmischjen der ^ n Gißf eJLn ^, sicli, the · -Qi - ^ - ¹¹ "*» ...

2; ^ eiind ^^^ a spj. cke ,. Iori | _s ν pn pole shoes, .., ...,.,. I.

the hole 13 at the top of a bent part of the bracket in the orientation so introduced into the orientation zone that the holes IJ at the height of the peaks of the poles. . 11 lie.

The magnetic flux induces currents of different strengths in the bent parts of the bracket, because the bent part with the bore 13 has a greater electrical resistance than the massive bent part has IA-.

■ --- ■> - · ■ · den- ■ "" ■■■■■ "'

As a result of the interaction of the inv-bent parts

of the workpiece 12 induced currents. with the magnetic field the workpieces are made of any non-oriented Position in the oriented position 12 'with the hole in the through the arrow. specified direction (in the direction of movement of the workpieces).

On Fig. 3b and c it is shown how the orientation of the bracket 15 with the hole 16 at the top of a bent Part 17 and bent with the hole 18 at the bottom of the other Part 19 is going on. Arranges the bracket 15 in the orientation zone with the hole 16 at the height of the peaks of the poles 11 of the electromagnet (Fig. J5b), the Clockwise rotation of the bracket is guaranteed · The bracket 15 is arranged in the orientation zone with the hole 18 in Height of the peaks of the poles 11 of the electromagnet (Fig. Jc), so the rotation of the bracket will be counterclockwise ensured. * ■■ '-

Similarly, the device described ensures the '

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Orientation of various types of workpieces, e.g. Fig. 4 · shown bracket. , according to a feature * that the under different electrical conductivity of individual parts of the workpieces

In Fig. 5 is a possible embodiment of the Electromagnet shown with the magnetic conductor 20, which is a variable, decreasing in the direction of the poles 21 Has cross section. The winding 22 of this electromagnet is evenly distributed over the entire magnetic conductor.

Construction of the electromagnet ensures a greater concentration of the magnetic flux in the interpolar space, where the orientation zone is located. In addition, they are Devices for the orientation of workpieces by a magnetic field with such a magnetic conductor more compact.

The device shown in Fig. 6 a, b and c for the orientation of electrically conductive bodies (workpieces) has such a shape of the poles that an extension of the orientation zone in the direction from the beginning to the end of this zone guaranteed, on those located in the orientation zone Apart from gravity, individual parts have a more electrodynamic effect Forces along several coordinate axes, which ensures the most effective orientation of these workpieces.

By laying the markings on the degree of excavation of the orientation zone You can set the direction and angle

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regulate the size of ^the electrodynamic forces, thereby ensuring the required position of the individual part to be oriented.

For example, if the individual part is used as a lamella

one (Fig. 6a) is formed, the part 25 of which is a larger Has conductivity than the other part 26, in the orientation zone arranged between the poles 24, so forms a moment from gravity P (Fig. 6b) and the electrodynamic force F * (vertical component), the this slat rotates. In addition, acts on the lamella 23 horizontal component F "of the electrodynamic force the action of the specified forces does the lamella 2 change? into the oriented bundle layer 25 '.

A case is shown in FIG. 6c when the individual part 23 arrives in the orientation zone already in an oriented position. Thereby ^we * ". The individual part 23 without."'Shifted rotation into the final position 23 *.

In the variant of the device described, the sides of the poles 24 facing the orientation zone represent surfaces which are arranged at the angles - ^ ₁ or «* against the virtual and B ₁ or βg against the horizontal.

The pole sides facing the orientation zone can be designed as surfaces with double curvature, * line The aolohe pole shape ensures the necessary distribution

009328/1268

of the components of the electrodynamic.forces and enables it »the magnitudes of these forces in harmony". "with" "the position of the to. to bring orienting item. . '"" "" - ~ "

The described Außfaihrungsbeispiele the means for the orientation of the electrically conductive bodies through a magnetic field to give a prescaling thereof, which importance μ, the pole shape of the electromagnet e 'for generating a magnetic alternating ~ f el of certain that · inhomogeneity of the field parameters characterizing Has.

In order to enable the orientation of a large number of workpieces with different training characteristics, the poles of the electromagnet must be given different shapes. Therefore it is most expedient to use the electromagnet with pole shun 27 (Fig;?), Which consist of individual, adjustable and mutually fixable wires 28 made of a ferromagnetic material. With a sufficiently large number of wires with a relatively small diameter, practically any required pole piece can be obtained by shifting the wires relative to one another. It is advantageous to use templates to accelerate this preparatory work werlin ^ them against each other with the help of ^ thefSchäube £ for> r the Ü ^^ ^ 30 fixed * All ^ wires $ edea the frame Jl held together * ^

The device shown in FIG. 8 for the orientation of electrically conductive bodies caused by a magnetic field contains two coaxially arranged coils 22 and 33 A conveyor J54, the the individual parts 35 in the first located inside the coils Orientation zone 36 conveys and orientates individual parts leads out. Between the coils 32 and 33 goes'der second conveyor 37 through which the items 38 in the second orientation zone located between the specified coils 39 feeds.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, the Individual parts 38 with coils 32 and 33 switched in the same direction in the second orientation zone 39 transversely to the conveyor 37, when the coils 32 and 33 are switched in opposite directions the direction of the magnetic flux in the second orientation zone 39 changes by 90 °, and the individual parts 38 become arrange along the conveyor 37.

The switching of the coils 32 and 33 takes place with the aid of switch 40, via which the coils from the AC power source 6 are fed.

00 9 828/1268

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS (1./Verfahren for orientation of electrically conductive bodies by a generated magnetic field in the orientation zone, characterized geke η η ζ η et verifiable that the body by an alternating magnetic -. Field-oriented one whose frequency is given by the condition Ratio of the inductive to the effective resistance of the to orienting body is sufficient. · 2. A method for the orientation of the electrically conductive bodies according to claim 1, characterized ge ke η n draw t that to orientie; unterworfenw randen body to the action of an inhomogeneous magnetic field ^ earth, the induction enlarged in direction to the orientation zone J .. Procedure for the orientation of electric! Eltend en bodies according to claims 1 and 2, since d u r c h g ekennz θ i η et that the orientation of the Body chosen by changing the direction of the magnet will. for the OriestiüEöiig of «ilskferisea senior. Korpela mmh teßprtistom 1 mä ^: E, ß. uä η τ -ä Ib ä -β- k -e η a ζ ® 1 β h β β t _t
Body -äarsii Imiss'aiig der 003828 / BAD OWGINAL "5- · Procedure for the orientation of electrically conductive Bodies according to claims 1 to 4, d a d ure h g ek e η η ζ e i c h η e t that the body to be oriented the action of the magnetic field of a group of alternating current pulses B. are subjected to, the duration of each pulse group at least one period of the current of the selected Frequency, and the duration of the pause between the pulse groups is set according to the condition that the magnetic flux acting on the body to be oriented during its passage through the orientation zone at least one pulse group is generated. 6. Facility for carrying out the procedure according to Claims 1 to 5 »d a d u r c h g e k e n η ζ e i c h ne that they have an electromagnet with a magnetic conductor (4), between whose poles (-J) the orientation zone C2) the body (1) is located, and contains a winding (5) lying in series with a capacitor (7), which with this one Forms resonant circuit, which is tuned to the frequency of the alternating current source (6), which the electromagnet and feeds the controlled switch (8) that supplies the electromagnet with impulses 7. Device according to claim 6, ä a ü ur ca g e- ke η η ζ ei ο h η et that the Orientierungsaone (2) forming poles (11) in the form of with their Spitaen to each other 0 0 ^ 828/1118 \ dexterous pyramids are formed 8. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that g βίε e yes η ze lean t that the magnetic conductor (20) a variable, uniformly decreasing cross-section in the direction of the poles (21). 9. Device according to claim 6, since you rc hg I see η et that the poles (24) have a shape μ which results in an expansion of the orientation zone from the beginning to the end of this zone *. 10. Device according to claim 9i thereby g ekennz'e Inet that those facing the orientation zone Represent sides of the poles vertical and / or faces arranged at an angle to the vertical. 11. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the pole sides facing the orientation zone are designed as surfaces with a double curvature are. 12. Device according to claim 6, since d u r c h g ekennze Ichnet that the magnetic conductor at least is equipped with an outer pole piece, which consists of individually adjustable wires (28) that can be fixed against one another, according to the number and the diameter of the wires of the required, predetermined accuracy of approximation to the required shape of the pole piece is selected. 009828/1268 15. Set up after. Claims 6 to 12, thereby gekennze i c h η e t that the turns of the winding (5) are evenly distributed over the entire magnetic conductor. 14. Device for carrying out the procedure according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized that they have at least two coaxially arranged. Contains coils (52 and 53) in the middle and between them The orientation zones (56 and 59) are located on the front sides. C 0 9 8 2 8/1 2 6 8 Blank page