DE19625877A1 - Direct chemical-energy into thermal energy conversion device e.g. gas-transformer or cold MHD-generator for electric drive - Google Patents

Abstract

A procedure for direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy without use of mechanical drives or a thermal process involves gas transformers which are operated in the magnetic field of a coupled conductor system. MHD generators or linear motors are installed in conventional fashion and deliver different electrical energies, the magnetic fields and/or conductor systems being built up variably in dependence on the gas admission, and they are operated either in stationary or mobile fashion, in single or bundled fashion, in open or closed fashion. The gas is fed in variably or continuously, with flow control or time control, into the gas transformer. The gas is a combination of carbon or hydrogen-containing gases with oxygen or air.

Description

The transformation, conversion, chemical energy into electrical Energy is the area of application for the process and the Device of the present patent application. The Forming takes place directly, i.e. without a mechanical drive or using thermal, expansive processes.

The commonly used term "transformer" for one Transformer is actually wrong because it means converter (from the Latin transformare - reshape). The clearest and the most appropriate is the area of application for the descriptive subject of the invention

Gas transformer
Gas converter → electrical energy

designated.  

Purpose of the present Patent application

To end the increase in CO₂ and thus a climate catastrophe To prevent a new energy technology is required is also appropriate to the risks of nuclear power engineering remove.

The increase in carbon dioxide corresponds to the decrease of the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. The Enlargement of the so-called "ozone holes" in the border area Our atmosphere is due to the fact that the continuous thermodynamic energy conversion (annually 10 billion tons of mineral oil / coal are burned) Partial pressure of oxygen in the area of the ozone layer Earth goes back or falls, so that there the balance 3 O₂ ⇆ 2 O₃ is destroyed. The fixed life, the Vegetation, is no longer able to supply the required amount Release oxygen on the other side of that location-independent life, especially the human being with his outdated combustion technology, unnecessary and one-sided Atmosphere is removed.

Even the finite stocks of fossil fuels like mineral oil, Coal and natural gas do not only force an improvement in the Efficiency in energy use, but also for Apply new process technologies to future ones To protect generations from an environmental disaster and its to ensure permanent existence.

The aforementioned life threatening risks of Correcting thermodynamic energy conversion is the purpose of here patent application by the application of new Process techniques involving chemical contractions Reactions are connected.  

State of the art

It is known that by burning combustible "Gases" can achieve high combustion temperatures that a Volume change in the sense of an increase in the volume of the reaction effect products.

Machine constructions are varied in the literature described who are able to use this principle are. (Knowledge storage internal combustion engines 5th ed., transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrswesen Berlin).

If the combustion takes place inside the "cylinder" of the machine, this is what one speaks of gas-powered machines. About development of these machines is in Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig, Publisher of the Bibliographisches Institut z. B. the editions 2 of 1864, 3 from 1876 and 6 from 1905 continuously over the Development status has been reported. The 6th edition from 1905 Volume 7, page 375, is the following summary Overview of the development of gas engines taken from:

"According to experiments or proposals by Barber (1791), Lebon (1801), Brown (1823), Wright (1833), Barnett (1838), Johnston (1841), Drake (1842), Barsanti and Matteucci (1857), Hugon (1858), Reithmann (1858), Degrand (1858), William Siemens (1860) Lenoir appeared in 1860 with his gas engine, and it he managed to build gas engines on a business basis operate. Air and gas were on his machine during about half the piston stroke was sucked into the cylinder, then after the access channels have been blocked off, the immediately below Inflammatory mixture ignites. On the the second half of the piston stroke gave the expanding Combustion gases work on the pistons. The Lenoirschen Machines were double-acting and had electric ignition. However, they needed too much gas and often failed due to their imperfect ignition. 1867 appeared the more economical working atmospheric  Gas engine from Otto and Langen, an improvement of the Barsanti and Matteucci machine. The process in this Gas engine is this: the explosion of the Gas-air mixture throws the freely moving piston upwards, it rises until its living strength is exhausted, then according to one that arises under the piston Negative pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) the external Air pressure lowers the piston in a suitable manner is coupled to the machine shaft. The ignition happened through a flame. The machine was based on the same principle built by Gilles (1874). The atmospheric Gas engines disappeared as Otto's new engine in 1878 (also called Deutzer Motor after the place of manufacture) appear. This engine was the first to be launched Gas engine that worked in four stroke. It turned out to be every relationship viable and represents the most significant Invention represents that was previously recorded in gas engine construction and until now is. A forerunner of the Ottos Four-stroke engine forms a little known construction of Reithmann (1873), during the idea of the four bar probably from Beau de Roschas (1861) dates from. See Brauer and Slaby, Experiments on performance and fuel consumption by Small engines (Berl. 1879); Schöttler, The gas machine (4th Braunschw. 1902 2 Bde), Köhler, theory of gas engines (Leipz. 1887); Lieckfeld, The gas engine and its use in practice (Hann. 1891). "

The further development led to "gas engines" or "Internal combustion engines" in a design known per se and Construction, like this one today in automobile construction, shipbuilding, in the Aviation and other drives are used, such. B. to drive a dynamo to generate electrical energy. Such "gas dynamos" are in Volume 7, page 363, of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon described, they belong to the state of the Technology.

The Japanese also belong to the state of the art  No. 50-133355, in which a "gas dynamo Turbine Drive "and No. 58-200691, in the one "Oxyhydrogen dynamo" can be described.

"Der Spiegel" September 20, 1993 reports on a turbine driven gas dynamo system.

The prior art also includes that "Combustion technology" is not in the cylinder of one Internal combustion engine, but outside of it applies.

This has the advantage that you can also use solid fuels such as Wood, coal or straw, paper, cow manure and others can fall back.

In these machines, water is heated to generate steam. The operation of these machines is based on the change in the physical state, from the liquid water steam is generated, which takes up a larger volume than the liquid water and can therefore be used for work like a gas engine. "Steam engines" of this type and function are such. B. in "Energie durch Dampf", published in the Franckh'schen Verlaghandlung Stuttgart 1959, described in detail. But also the TÜV Journal 1995, published by TÜV Bayern Holding AG, Westendstr. 199, 80686 Munich, deals in depth with this state of the art: Almost all currently technically applied process principles for energy generation are based first on the theoretical basics of thermal engineering, including core technology. Instead of a gaseous or gasified liquid fuel, as in gas engines, or with the additional use of solid fuels, as is usual in the steam engine, radioactive metal is used as a kind of "immersion heater" within the steam generator. The process technology is based on the change in the physical state of the water:
liquid water → vaporous water.

The individual nuclear process principles are in the Brochure "Nuclear Energy, Questions and Answers" by Jürgen Seidel, published by Econ-Verlag in 1990.

Various authors deal with the thermodynamic Generation of electrical energy, the energy factor is introduced by the chemical affinity that is in a material system that is based on an elevated Energy level reacts with each other. This subheading includes: B. the French patents No. 1,413,997, 654,449, 646.856, 514.584, 505.495 and publication 2.141.476 des Institutes National de la Propriet´ Industrielle Paris.

From America, the patent specifications No. 3,308,050, 1,895,489 and the publication "Potential for Plasma Chemical Process Engineering Industrial and Engineering Chemistry vol 61 Nov. 1969 ".

The state of the art also includes electrochemical Energy Technology. The electrochemical energy technology includes Electricity generation and storage by electrochemical means, especially in batteries, accumulators and fuel cells, but also processes that use energy as an energy source generate such. B. water electrolysis, where hydrogen is won, which is specifically in the context of a Hydrogen technology is needed. Have lately in the field of electrochemical energy technology noteworthy developments are pioneering in which novel Systems have been developed compared to the previous ones bring significant benefits and have prospects at Electrical traction, for peak load balancing in electrical Supply systems and in the storage of wind and Solar energy to be used.

A summary was published by Federal Minister for Research and Technology ISBN 3-88135-091- 8th.  

The authors Döhren and Euler in detail in the VARTA book 6, Fuel elements.

The fuel elements have their origin in Oxyhydrogen element. In this method and the device the gases hydrogen and oxygen are separated into one Introduced electrolytes and the resulting electrical Field derived via suitable electrodes. One speaks with these so-called "oxyhydrogen elements" from reversing the Water electrolysis. A detailed description is in Chemistry lexicon according to Prof. Dr. H. Römpp 6th Edition Volume II Sp. 3282/83. See Fig. 10.

The current state of development was just in the May issue 1996 The ÖTV report 3plus entitled "A clean one Alternative "(page 14).

About the latest status of the application of the "fuel cell" in the Automobile reported on May 17, 1996 page 36 DIE ZEIT: "That tamed oxyhydrogen gas "(DIE ZEIT Zeitverlag Gerd Bucerius GmbH, 20079 Hamburg).

Gottfried Hilscher reports on a "heat transformer" in his book "Energy in Abundance" page 75, Adolf Sponholtz Publishing house, Hameln.

International literature also knows the so-called "best before" Generator ", in which a gas for thermal transformation chemical energy is introduced into electrical energy. The basics of the method and the device are described in schematic representation in "Physics in overviews" page 135, shown (People and Knowledge, Volkseigener Verlag Berlin 1979). (High Magnetic Fiels, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New-York, pp. 139 ff, p. 652 ff).  

In America, Stanley A. Meyer is concerned with the improved energetic use of flammable gases. Meyer assumes an improved electrolysis of the water in order to achieve advantages in the area of environmental pollution in the thermal conversion process, especially for the car drive. There are two sources about his work, which provide information about his objectives and the state of the art:
A prospectus from Water Fuel Cell, 3792 Broadway, Grove City, Ohio 43123; The Advanced Energy Research Institute, 14 Devonshire Mews West, London WIN 1FP reports on "The Meyer Waterfuel Cell Technology".

The following U.S. patents have been considered in the prior art:
4,389,981 4,613,779 4,421,474 1,231,872 1,233,379 1,228,833 1,227,094 4,613,304 1,235,669 4,275,950 1,234,774 3,970,070 1,234,773 4,265,224 1,213,671 4,465,455 4,798,661 4,826,581 PCT / US89 / 02622 0,101,761 1,577,992 0,086,439 1,584,224 4,936,961 PCT / US90 / 06513 PCT / US90 / 06407 PCT / US91 / 03,476th

Criticism of the state of the art

The criticism of the state of the art must be with the fundamental sentences thermodynamics. They block new techniques. In particular, the concept of entropy is to be attacked here.

According to Prof. Dr. Gustav Zeuner applies to the fundamental theorems of the Thermodynamics: "In addition, it is assumed that Changes in the state of matter, but not simultaneous chemical changes, So after the existing views on changes within the molecules in the grouping of their atoms occur. "(Compare § 1 preliminary remarks in TECHNICAL THERMODYNAMIK, published by Arthur Felix 1905, Leipzig, Volume 1 Page 23).

This limitation of the so-called fundamental theorems was necessary because "the Heilbronn doctor Julius Robert Mayer for Proof of a fixed conversion ratio at the Energy conversions only affect work performance warmed gases. He found warmth and work only are different expressions of the same energy and that when converting work into heat and vice versa a firm one Conversion ratio must be valid. Mayer then found out his further attempts based on work performance heated gases due to exemptions were based Value of 367 mkg for the calorie because of the specific Air heat values were known inaccurately. Today is the Kilogram calories to 427 mkg determined which number one as the mechanical heat equivalent. "TECHNOLOGY FOR EVERYONE, Dieck & Co, Franckhs Techn. Verlag, Stuttgart 1931, p. 501.

He accidentally closed the reverse process - Implosion processes due to chemical reactions - at  his considerations. He wanted a number ratio to prove.

As a result of the one-sided, only thermal heating processes descriptive thermodynamics, science was forced Compensate for energy balance losses. Prof. R. E. Clausius therefore led the term

entropy

one that is just a statistic of heat distribution represents and no life-dynamic statement about Includes conversion processes.

The lexical definition of entropy is the following: "Entropy, the part of the thermal energy that is due to its even distribution to all molecules not in can implement mechanical work, based on a specific Temperature; an essentially statistical quantity. Shakes a container with lots of white and black balls random, so is the probability that everyone collect white balls below and all black balls above, vanishingly small: The most likely condition is that complete disorder (mixture). Likewise, in a gas, its heat from the kinetic energy of its molecules is given in the type of distribution of each molecular contributions to total energy a "measure of disorder" see that with the probability of the gas state related. The disordered movement of the gas molecules causes only part of the thermal energy to be mechanical Work can be done; the greater the "clutter", the more this part becomes smaller. In case of complete "disorder" any heat gradient disappears and thus the possibility of Generation of mechanical work. "(From Lexicon RENCONTRE, Edition Rencontre Lausanne, Vol. 5, p. 134).  

It is of course true that a mechanically stirred black and white sand no longer in the starting position returns just because you reverse the direction of stirring.

JR Mayer had certainly been thinking differently, as his arguments showed, when he formulated the phrase conservation of energy. The conversion of one form of energy into another takes place without loss or gain in energy because he says:
"In truth there is only one force and in eternal alternation it circles in the dead as in living nature."

"Ex nihilo nil fit. Nothing becomes nothing."

He justifies this as follows: "By considering gravity as the cause of the When considered, one speaks of gravity and overlooks what is essential to every "force" (energy) must come, namely the union of indestructibility and Changeability. "

The quotes are the ANNUAL REPORT for 1915 of the PHYSICAL ASSOCIATION to Frankfurt am Main, printing C. Naumann's printing house 1915, Pages 19 to 30.

Julius Robert Mayer would certainly support the following wording today:
"In the same state, the same body always has the same energy content, because if the body has returned to its initial state after any number of changes in state, it must have released as much energy to the outside as it had absorbed." (GRAHAM-OTTO’S DETAILED TEXTBOOK OF CHEMISTRY Volume 1 - Second Department 1885 Theoretical Chemistry including Thermochemistry by Dr. A. Horstmann, printing and publishing house of Friedrich Vieweg + Sohn, Braunschweig, § 422 Abs. 1 page 442).

And further based on his formulations: the transformation of oxyhydrogen in water

(2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O + electrical energy)

and in eternal alternation with it takes place in the life process and / or the conversion of water technically in electrolysis in oxyhydrogen

(2 H₂O + electrical energy → 2 H₂ + O₂)

with no loss or gain in an energy cycle process as a result Change in chemical affinity. Because he had one Energy cycle process before his eyes and also described it as the is life-sustaining in nature, to which the Thermodynamics retrospectively a one-sided interpretation constructed and raised entropy to natural law.

When J. R. Mayer spoke of the preservation of "strength", they were The terms force and energy are not identical for him. Later it became common to use the term "energy" instead of "force" use. To this day, theoretical physics remains one verifiable definition of the term used by her guilty. In the ENCYCLOPEDICS NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY it says in a nutshell "Energy: To introduce the It is best to first refer to the concept of energy Concept of → work. "(Zweiurgen Verlag, Weinheim, S. 1148).

Dipl.-Ing. Werner FK Schomburg (Münsterlinde 4, D 44892 Bochum) criticizes this as follows: "The incompleteness, even non-existence, of the conditions for the unit definitions and fundamental constants has led to the creation of equivalence factors. These are usually referred to as energy equivalence factors because they result from energy conservation Energy conservation is also referred to as the 1st principle of thermodynamics, it also includes chemical and electrical processes The 2nd principle of thermodynamics, entropy, ie the disappearance of energy, can also be used under certain conditions (proximity to absolute zero There is still no alternative to the third principle of thermodynamics, the absolute (temperature) zero point. As with the speed of light as the upper limit of all vibrations, conditions and deviations could also be considered possible. This would be a special one Field f r represent measurements and considerations. For general, practical physical mathematics, absolute zero and the speed of light are to be regarded as existing. "
And later elsewhere on entropy in connection with the definition of basic units by the General Conference for Weights and Measures in his comments: "In unit conversions using energy equivalents, it is not taken into account that earth's gravity is a directed quantity (vector) and a numerical value has 9.81 ∼ 10 or 981 ∼ 1000, which means that it may have to be divided by the number 1. There is no gravity zero. The energy equivalences include consideration and knowledge of the conditions. These must be calculated without entropy and the big bang Force is variation of the movement size (impulse) not weight, ie 1 N = 0.1 kps. In all physics books the mechanical work has to be supplemented by the duration of the shock (time) number n = unit of time. Human intuition for avoiding errors is often missing, above all but in the computer. " (From a previously unpublished work by WFKSchomburg "Status of my work in metrology on January 20, 1994 based on my comments since November 11, 1985").

The state of the art is characterized by the Unilateral technical processes of energy conversion Heating technology and / or combustion processes of all kinds also comes in the mathematical formulation of the 1st The main theorem of thermodynamics expresses:

ΔU = dQ + dA

mean in it
U = internal energy of a system (according to Mayer the universe)
ΔU = change thereof
Q = heat content of the system
dQ = differentiated change of it (exothermic or endothermic processes)
A = work
dA = differentiated work submitted or accepted (Theoretical Physics by W. Greiner, Vol. 9, 1st ed., Ed. Harri Deutsch, Thun - Frankfurt / M. 1987, p. 35 ff)
However, heat, like entropy, is only a statistical quantity. Defined as the average speed of e.g. B. gas molecules; this definition precludes any momentum and is therefore contrary to the principle of life, but RE Clausius should have known this, because he put it this way: "If we assume - which is most likely - that the same laws prevail everywhere in space outside of our experience like within that area, the energy of space is constant. "

However, in relation to the conservation of energy, heat is not the cause of chemical reactions, but rather the affinity, yes it is of no importance for them, unless for the increase in kinetics, with the consequence for mankind that approx. 80% of primary energy are wasted. The second law of thermal theory is to blame. (KOSMOS 1956 p.361, Franckh'sche publishing house Keller & Co, Stuttgart)
The entropy was then "declared natural law" by Prof. Max Planck and thus a thermodynamics that was initially correct and its restriction to the change in the state of aggregation was used to build up a generally valid doctrine that was fatal to mankind and that still prevents an objective, open discussion between Technology and research and teaching about improvements in energy use takes place. (PHYSICAL SHEETS, editor Ernst Brüche 1947, issue 8 page 249 ff).

The consequence of this disability is a press release from the DPG on 01/22/1986 TO WARN THE WORKING GROUP ENERGY OF GERMAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY BEFORE A THREATENING, WORLDWIDE CLIMATE DISASTER, presented by Prof. Dr. K. Heinlot, Physics Institute of the University of Bonn, at the Press conference on January 22, 1986 in Bonn, on behalf of the Working group energy of the DPG.

The ADAC MOTORWELT (10/89 "HOW MUCH DEBT HAS THE CAR? "(ADAC-Verlag GmbH, 81365 Munich).

In research and teaching there are doubts as to whether you can pursue the right path, because you are over in nuclear energy So far, the "development stage of a steam engine" has not got out, despite CERN, DASY, JET and others Large research institutions. The reactor accident of Chernobyl has its limits in traditional science made clear. (IMPRINT INFORM publishing and administrative GmbH, publisher: Nuclear Energy Information Group, Heussallee 10, 53113 Bonn).  

In an open letter, the theoretical physicists summarize Dr. G. Galeczki and Dr. P. Marquardt criticizes the state of the art as well as science in research and teaching. (Society for the Promotion of Scientific Physics e.V., Rubensstr. 29, 50676 Cologne, OPEN LETTER TO THE CRITICIANS THE RELATIVITY THEORY).

The electrochemical energy technology, as far as with the Fuel cell dealt occurs on the spot. Only little Progress is made because of the theoretical foundations be mishandled.

An example: In the chemistry lexicon according to Prof. Dr. H. Römpp (Franckh'sche Verlaghandlung Stuttgart, Sp. 3282-3284) is understood by oxyhydrogen element to be the reversal of water electrolysis. H₂ and O₂ were introduced separately into an electrolyte (KOH in the example shown). Fig. 10
However, electrolysis of the water actually produces oxyhydrogen! In the event of a reversal of the reaction, the oxyhydrogen again produces water, the energy balance being or must be balanced. This means that the electrical energy used to dissolve the water molecules corresponds to the electrical energy released during water synthesis (provided that one works under stoichiometric conditions).

Nature does not provide us with a model for the construction today's gas engines that justify the state of the art would. A second example: The MHD generator is included ionized hydrogen operated at about 2000 ° C and bumps due to the high temperature on material problems. Thereby will be a tedious development job because of the search for new, resistant materials are required.  

However, if you use oxyhydrogen (2 H₂ + O₂) you can Work at room temperature. One-sided thinking in thermal Trials have led to rape of nature.

The criticism of the state of the art is also borne and supported by other authors:
Prof. G. Decher brought a devastating judgment about the work of RE Clausius in the POLYTECHNICAL JOURNAL in 1858. Excerpt: "... Viewed in a clear light, they show that the much praised work of Mr. Clausius, on which he himself and other physicists have continued to build as on a well-founded foundation, is nothing more than a deaf nut, which externally promises a lot, but has no real content ... that all of our heat theory consists of a stack of hypotheses, not one of which is directly confirmed by experience, that we do not know the very least about the free heat of a body, and that therefore there can be no question of comparing the latent or consumed heat with work done. " (POLYTECHNISCHES JOURNAL, edited by Dr. Emil Maximilian Dingler, print and publisher of the JG Cotta′schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart and Augsburg, pp. 256-257).

Bernd Schaeffer, Workshop for Decentralized Energy Research eV, Prinzessinnenstr. 20, 1000 Berlin 61, January 1980 "A conjecture on the second law of thermodynamics with regard to vortex processes."
Reg. Dir. Dipl.-Ing. Ekkehard Friebe (German Patent Office Munich) published in raum & zeit, Ehlers Verlag, 83623 Dietramszell, issue 28/87 page 68 ff "Where are the causal errors in theoretical thermodynamics" Dipl.-Ing. Joachim Kirchhoff, Herten-Westerholt, published in raum & zeit No. 45/1990 page 82 ff "Perpetuum mobile and climate catastrophe"
Dipl.-Ing. Ernst Gottwald Head in people and technology - naturally, publisher Gruppe die Neuen eV, photo print J. Mainz GmbH, 5100 Aachen, issue 2/1991 page 64 ff "Einstein teaches more".

Quote: "Sooner or later there will be a revision of the Energy conservation rate prove necessary - and then will one might tie back to an abandoned "error" from Ludwik Fleck: Origin and development of a scientific fact - introduction to the teaching of Thinking style and collective of thoughts, edited by Lothar Schäfer and Thomas Schnelle 1980 page 31.

The summary of the criticism of the state of the art is most appropriately expressed in the following text:
"Natural science has pushed religion out of its place. But it has not at the same time assumed its ethical orientation. The new spirit is limited to functionality. But people need more. They need meaning. What makes sense is what makes people human. " Quotation from "Die Weltformel" raum & zeit, issue 81/1996 page 84 ff.

The experimental, physical proof of the "mechanical Heat equivalents "under conditions of weightlessness and exclusion of gravity in the universe is impossible.

It follows that in "Science of Thermodynamics" the "heat" and thus the thermal processes Priority is given, which these a priori do not comes to.  

How does physics, which according to its self-conception "originally generally the teaching of nature" - today the science of the behavior (properties, forces, forms of movement) of inanimate matter explain a "machine" like the thunderstorm, "which works and at the same time removes heat from the environment ", the energy conversion in the thunderstorm regularly results in cooling. That would mean explaining a 2nd type perpetuum mobile!
According to the doctrine of theoretical physics, there can be no thunderstorm! (Literature: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, data and facts to look up, published by Lexikon - Institut Bertelsmann, pp. 119-125).

The contraction oxyhydrogen → water is also mathematical clearly because 2 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen to 2 Moles of water react

2 + 1 = 2

And so it follows from the criticism of the state of the art: One nature-identical, environmentally friendly and therefore alone economic energy conversion is only in the sense of Julius Robert Mayer completed and to be named in full Look at the whole when "implosion reactions" the chemical energy (as "motors of creation quasi") in the Technical energy conversion accounting included become!

task

The invention is based, which entropy and environmentally harmful thermodynamic Energy conversion technology for the generation of electrical energy through a nature-identical, environmentally compliant, entropy-free To replace implosion technology.  

Solution of the task

The object is achieved in that gas Transformers due to the transformation of chemical energy in electrical energy in implosable Reaction mixtures are present latently in the magnetic field coupled induction, preferably in stoichiometric Quantity ratios are operated.

The gas transformers can be called "cold best before" generators known design are used and output different powers by the magnetic and / or the inductive field strengths depending on the Gas supply can be designed variably, they can be stationary or mobile, individually or bundled, open or closed Construction are used in a further embodiment.

To operate such a gas transformer, the is expediently manufactured for a gas composition, whose reaction triggers a contraction is further development of the invention the transformer the gas e.g. B.

• - biogas and oxygen or air
• - natural gas and oxygen or air
• - water gas and oxygen or air
• - hydrogen and oxygen or air

variable individually or mixed, continuously quantity controlled or supplied time-controlled.  

Achievable advantages

The advantages achieved with the invention are in particular greater economy of energy conversion for generation electrical energy, the use of the energy content of the in gases entered in the transformer is approx. 98%.

Another advantage achieved with the invention is u. a. decentralized use of the biogas Composting plants for the generation of electrical energy and thereby ending the worldwide registered CO₂ Rise in the atmosphere.

It is also an advantage of the invention that gas transformers work without thermal processes and thereby the Production costs compared to the conventional type of thermodynamic energy conversion significantly lower are.

The invention offers the advantage of a pollutant-free, to operate line-independent electric drive, even after the system of the wheel hub and / or linear motor.

An embodiment of the gas transformer invention is shown in the drawing Fig. 1 and will be described in more detail below. The positions in FIG. 1 are shown

1 gas supply line hydrogen (H₂)
2 gas supply line oxygen (O₂)
3 diametrical magnetic field
4 initial ignition device
5 electrodes
6 manifold
7 water collectors
8 water
9 drainage
10 regulators for drainage
11 valve
12 valve
13 valve
14 Oxygen gas metering
15 Hydrogen gas metering
16 gasometers for oxygen
17 gasometers for hydrogen
18 ignition transformer
19 AC power source
20 switches
21 electronic control device
N = north pole - magnetic field
S = south pole - magnetic field
o + removal for
o- electrical energy.

The mode of operation of the invention shown in FIG. 1 can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 9. The following show in detail: FIG. 2

Movement of the fields

The condition:
As soon as a permanent magnetic field is moved in a copper wire coil, the pointer of the connected measuring device swings out - electrical voltage arises.

Fig. 3 State-of-the-art converter

In a bicycle dynamo, the time change of the Magnetic field reached via the rotary movement of the permanent magnet, which is mechanically driven by the knurled wheel.

The dynamic chemical energy is metered in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via items 1 and 2 shown in FIG. 1 in conjunction with items 14, 15 and 16 and 17. The stoichiometric detonating gas reaction takes the place of mechanical energy. It "dynamically" causes a change in time of the diametrically arranged magnetic field in the gas transformer.

Fig. 4 Maxwellian requirement

This states that every time changing magnetic field creates an electric swirl field in the conductor. The reshaping chemical energy into electrical energy according to the invention Energy is in accordance with Maxwell's Laws.

Fig. 5 Forces in the water molecule

The lines of force of the water molecule are eliminated by the electrolysis of the water. There is oxyhydrogen and the following applies:
1 ampere is the current that releases 10.44 ml of oxyhydrogen from water in one minute. The current measured in ml of oxyhydrogen gas (760 + 0 °) obtained in one minute must be multiplied by 0.0958 to get it expressed in amperes.

From this follows alternately (after J.R. Mayer), in reverse the phrase of conservation of energy, the "application" of Entry of 10.44 ml oxyhydrogen / min into the gas transformer  generates a current that equals 1 ampere in one minute. Of the The detonating gas, the chemical energy, is introduced constant or variable, the release of electrical energy in Dependence on the entry of chemical energy.

Fig. 6 Chemical harmonica

With this experimental setup, W. Bunsen has two Character of the reaction detonating gas → water shown: thermal expansion on the one hand and the contraction under stoichiometric conditions on the other hand.

"A glass bell that closed at the top and on the bottom Opening an arch is glued through the lifter-shaped Tube filled with hydrogen. The gas is released quickly inflow, which displaces the heavier air, which through the Pores of the paper escape. When the bell is filled, raise the connection of the longer leg with the Development bottle on. The air only penetrates through the paper back in and the hydrogen escapes through the longer one Thighs and burns when it is lit only with calm Flame, but gradually air mixes in and the flame gives now a shrill tone of itself that gradually gets deeper until you differentiate the individual tone vibrations can: then you can see the flame slowly through the lifter strike back and ignite as soon as it comes into the bell the mixture of air and hydrogen under violent Explosion. "(Taken from the textbook on inorganic chemistry by Sir Henry Roscoe, Volume 1, pp. 268/69, 1895, Vieweg publishing house) Instead of "explosion" it would be better to say under violent reaction because of larger volume.

For the reaction within the "contraction limit" and the Reaction outside of this is the literature in the Concentration of reactive gas in vol% for one Initial state of 760 mm HG and 20 ° C given for  4.1 to 75 hydrogen for the stoichiometric reaction. There is no hydrogen below air below the limit of 4.1% by volume Reaction, above 75% the combustion takes place according to the status of the technique.

Fig. 7 Oxyhydrogen affinities

Shows the chronological sequence of the "ionization" of the hydrogen and its cause. This ionization is responsible for the formation of an electric field due to the equality of the hydrogen atoms in the "status nascens" and the subsequent change in the diametrically arranged magnetic field in the gas transformer according to FIG. 1 in continuation, ie any expansion due to the equality of the hydrogen Atoms follow water formation, a contraction which has its cause in the affinity for the O₃ formation of oxygen and prevents an electron blockage of the electrodes item 5 in Fig. 1.

The meaning of the symbolic energy states:

Fig. 8 Charge balancing

shows the energetic final state of the water molecules and the resulting dipole character in the oxyhydrogen element and functions as a "magnetic field" in fuel cells and their unsatisfactory efficiency explained.  

Fig. 9 Cooling due to contraction

The volume change from 2 moles of oxyhydrogen = 44.8 l gas produces 2 moles of water → 36 ml of liquid, gaseous oxyhydrogen reacts to liquid water (2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O + electrical energy), represents a contraction and is the cause of the cooling during the conversion of the oxyhydrogen gas to the liquid water and the electrical impulses thereby released according to FIG. 7.

Fig. 1 Pos. 5

By constructively changing the electrodes item 5 in Fig. 1 according to the rules of technology, the output of electrical energy of the gas transformer can be made variable in voltage.

Fig. 1 N, S

According to the invention, the strength of the magnetic field can vary Field of application of the gas transformer is variable and be in spatial arrangement.

Fig. 1 Items 14 and 15

In another embodiment of the invention, carbon- and / or hydrogen-containing gases as well as oxygen or air are introduced into the gas transformer by means of the gas dosing items 14 and 15 Fig. 1.

Claims (4)

1. The method and apparatus for the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy without mechanical drive or with the aid of thermal processes, characterized in that gas transformers for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, which is latently present in implosable mixtures, in the magnetic field with a coupled conductor system , preferably in stoichiometric ratios, operated. 2. Gas transformer according to claim 1, characterized, that MHD generators or linear motors in known per se Type are used, and different performances give off electrical energy by the magnetic fields and / or conductor systems depending on the gas supply are variably built and they are either stationary or mobile, individually or bundled, open or in closed construction operate. 3. Gas transformer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized, that gas is variable, continuously individually or mixed, quantity or time controlled in the gas transformer is entered. 4. Gas transformer according to claims 1 to 3, characterized, that carbon and / or hydrogen-containing gases in Connection with oxygen or air can be entered.