DE1962250C3 - Artificial human hair - Google Patents

Description

the comparative tests of the gloss, an optical refractive index according to the method applied according to Jeffries, where (a) denotes average maximum value of the reflection; and (c) the average minimum value thereof

means so that the expression

the gloss

degree according to J effr ies. The lower the gloss level according to Jeffries, the higher it is natural the anti-glare effect.

In view of the fact that a comparison of the gloss as described above, the Fibers corresponding to the shimmer under the action of sunlight are essential in practice is, within the scope of the invention, a functional test or sensual test was used together with a test to determine the slippery strength or the waxy handle (a type of handle) of the fibers

winds These sensual experiments were carried out by 15 specialists. Designated in the tables the term "little" or "small" means a fiber used as artificial human hair can, since its shimmer and sliminess feel are slight, "medium" denotes a fiber which, although somewhat similar to human hair, it cannot be used as a substitute for it while "Large" denotes a fiber that has fundamentally different properties compared to human Has hair that is completely impossible to use as artificial human hair.

The results of some experiments carried out to illustrate the above are summarized in Table I together with the result of a comparative experiment, which was carried out without the use of a body extender pigment and a white pigment.

Table I.

Average a - c Shine at
Exposure to
sunlight Slippery Handle (Remarks) large very difficult to extru
date on the basis of an medium pigment Grain size of
Pigment
(μ) C. large large application of a grit
size greater than 10 μ medium Calcium carbonate 0.03 8.1 medium to
large
small to
mittf ^ l small to
midday medium 0.05 8.0 Hill It ^ l
small LUlLLCl
small large 0.1 6.1 small small 1.0 5.2 medium medium 3.0 5.3 medium medium 5.0 5.5 large 0.0 5.9 large Titanium oxide 0.2 7.2 large 5.0 7.2 large 0.0 7.1 comparison 8.6

From the values in Table I, with the same results also in the case of one together with calcium carbonate and barium carbonate obtained in the same way as the fiber used in Example 2 gives it found that the fiber can be used as artificial human hair when combined with a body extender pigment, such as calcium carbonate, with a size of 0.1 to 3 μ is mixed.

On the other hand, when "granules smaller than 0.1 µ" are mixed in, no fiber will have a Shine and feel suitable for use as human hair and when blending with a pigment with a particle size greater than 10 μ, the extrusion of the same difficult. It was further found that if a white pigment such as titanium dioxide, with the fiber-forming Material is mixed, the fiber obtained in practice not as artificial human hair is useful even if the particle size of the pigment is in the preferred one listed above Range, and it was further found that the comparative fiber was not considered to be artificial human Hair can be used.

In the context of the invention was also the possibility of producing an artificial human Hair in the event of body extender pigments being mixed in with areas both within and within also outside of the average grain size listed above with different distributions examined the grain size in the fiber. Examples of this are the refractive index and the Shimmer under the action of sunlight according to Table I in Table II for the case of one Fiber summarized by incorporating 1.5 percent by weight of carbon black in a polypropylene resin and calcium carbonate with an average grain size of both 0.5 μ (within the Range) as well as 0.04 μ (outside the range) was obtained in different ratios, see above that the total amount of pigment was 3 percent by weight.

Table II

Composition of average a - c
Q Shine under
Exposure to Calcium carbonate Grain size sunlight (Weight percent) 0.04 µ average 100 Grain size 90 14.6 large ⁶ 5 0.5 µ 13.8 large 0 10

continuation

Composition of percent) a - c Shine under
Exposure to Calcium carbonates average Q sunlight (Weight Grain size 0.04 µ average 80 large Grain size 70 13.9 large 0.5 µ 60 13.7 large 20th 50 13.5 medium 30th 12.4 until big 40 40 medium 50 11.5 until big 30th medium 60 20th 10.5 small amount 10 8.6 small amount 70 0 8.2 small amount 80 8.1 90 100

IO

20th

Very surprising facts have been derived from the results of Table II; in particular Formation of artificial human hair can be achieved if more than 80 percent by weight a body extender pigment with an average grain size of 0.5 μ and less than 20 percent by weight of a body pigment with a grain size of 0.04 μ in a fiber material of high molecular weight and that are not a suitable substitute for human Hair can be achieved using just one pigment with an average grain size outside of the preferred range listed above is used.

In Figure 1 are the results of Table II graphically represented, with the horizontal and vertical axes representing the ratio (percent by weight) of calcium carbonate with different average grain sizes or the value of

indicate. From FIG. 1 results for the

In the case of incorporating more than 80% by weight of calcium carbonate having an average grain size of 0.5 µ in a high molecular weight fiber, the refractive index curve becomes the lowest and is practically a horizontal constant value. In FIG. 1, on the basis of further investigations, the part above the line FF indicates the area with a strong metallic sheen, which was determined by the sensual test, and it is shown that the incorporation of more than about 80 percent by weight calcium carbonate with an average Grain size of 0.5 μ corresponding to the point of the rhombus) within the grain state listed above in the fiber. The presence of a large number of diamonds of a suitable size gives a remarkable anti-glare effect and practically completely destroys the slippery feel to give an artificial human hair with a dry feel. Thus, if the body extension pigment is incorporated into the polymer fiber in a distribution outside of the preferred granularity, the formation of numerous small structures P-η does not give as good an anti-glare effect as the artificial human hair, while a small formation of larger rhombuses results in end breakage.

The most suitable artificial human hair is obtained when the pigment is in a Amount of from 0.5 to 10 weight percent of the weight of the high molecular weight fiber blended will. If the amount is lower than the lower limit, the product is in terms of gloss and feel worse, and if more than 10 percent by weight is added, the thread breakage increases. The body extender pigments with the above-mentioned granularity can be incorporated into the high molecular weight fibers along with heretofore known Pigments, fillers, antistatic agents, stabilizers and the like can be incorporated, and the incorporation these body extender pigments can be produced by a conventional blend extrusion of thermoplastic Polymers can be carried out with powders.

Examples of typical commercial body extender pigments are barite (BaSO ₄ ), permanent white (BaSO ₄ ), barium carbonate (BaCO ₃ ), pearl white (CaCO ₃ ), precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), gypsum (CaCO ₄ · 2H ₂ O), asbestine (Ca -Mg silicate), kaolin (Al ₂ O ₃ · 2SiO ₂ O), silica (SiO ₂ ), "white carbon" (SiO ₂ ■ nH ₂ O), kieselguhr (SiO ₂ · nH ₂ O), talc (3MgO · 4SiO ₂ · H ₂ O), magnesium carbonate, aluminum _{white (Al (OH) 3} ), gloss white (Al (OH) ₃ + BaSO ₄ ), satin white (CaSO ₄ + Al (OH) ₃ ) and the like. Of these, CaCO ₃ and BaCO _{3 are} most preferred in view of their low price and excellent effectiveness.

example 1

Calcium carbonate with an average grain size of 1.8 μ, which has a grain distribution from 10 percent by weight of particles with a diameter of less than 0.1 μ, from 85 percent by weight Particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 3 μ and from 5 percent by weight of particles with a size of 3 to 10 μ, in an amount of 3 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resin, and an organoazo brown pigment in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resin, were treated with a polypropylene resin in the usual manner mixed and then formed into fibers under the following extrusion conditions:

the different, through the curve

shown

Share the usefulness of the fiber as artificial human hair is shown in FIG. 2 represents a reproduction a microscopic photographic of the surface of three artificial human hairs Example 1. The presence of numerous black rhombic voids is evident from the figure refer to.

These cavities are created by the incorporation of the body extender pigment (white area in the middle

Cylinder temperature 225 ° C

Drying temperature 230 ⁰ C

Nozzle temperature 230 ° C

Nozzle dimension 30 H χ 3 mm

Drawing speed 200 m / min

Size of the drawn single fiber 200 denier

Stretch ratio 4 times

Stretching temperature 130 ° C

Solidification temperature 135 ° C

Size of the finished single fiber .. 50 denier

The fiber thereby obtained was light brown in color and had an appearance similar to that in FIG F i g. 2 (enlarged photographic) and a remarkable anti-glare effect in sunlight the formation of numerous rhombic cavities of suitable size. Furthermore, the Fiber not found in human hair due to its dry feel and lack of slipperiness differentiate. The artificial human hair was used for the determination of the optical refractive index

and the various properties

examined in the same manner as in Table I. The results are summarized in Table III. The product exhibited quite remarkable excellent properties. Furthermore, the properties are also of fibers which did not contain any body extender pigment (comparative experiment), given in Table III.

Table III comparison
According to the invention a - c Firming
• wedge
(g'd) Deh
tion
(%) Young
module
(kg /
mm) Slip C. 5.3
5.2 45
43 220
230 riger
Handle 8.6
3.8 large
small amount

Calcium carbonate according to Example 1 in one. Amount of 2% by weight based on the weight of the resin, mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 in the usual manner.
The fiber thus obtained had a black color and a denier value of 48 and was excellent artificial human hair, which was indistinguishable from the product according to Example 1, and had a suitable gloss and feel Fibers were determined and, as shown in Table IV, it is very useful as artificial human hair.

Example 2

A uniform mixture of a polypropylene resin and carbon black, the carbon black in an amount of .1.5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resin, was mixed with barium carbonate with a average grain size of 1.5 μ, which has a grain distribution of 5 percent by weight of particles a size of less than 0.1 μ, of 90 percent by weight of particles with a size of 0.1 to 3 μ and from 5 percent by weight of particles having a size of 3 to 10 μ, in an amount of 2 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resin, and with

15th comparison
According to the invention Table IV Slippery grip a - c large
small amount C. 20th 14.6
8.7

Example 3

A nylon resin was used with the calcium carbonate used in Example 1 in an amount of 3 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resin, and a brown pigment in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resin, mixed in the usual way and then mixed processed into fiber in the same manner as in Example 1.

The fiber obtained thereby had a brown color and a denier value of 48 and showed a suitable

the best shine and feel, so that the product Example 1 was indistinguishable; the properties were such that the fiber as an artificial human ches hair due to the differences compared to a hair, which without the addition of:

Body extender pigment had been formed was usable.

1 sheet of drawings

309 644 /

Claims (3)

1 u2 hair that must have completely different properties. Patent claims: as textile fibers mixed with fillers. The object of the invention is to provide an artificial 1. To provide artificial human hair from pigmen- human hair that based fiber-forming synthetic polymers, 5 not only from polyamide, but from any fiber thereby characterized in that it can consist of min-forming synthetic polymers, at least one transparent extension pigment with one of the natural human hair extremely a refractive index of less than 1.7 in a similar grip and a suitable gloss in the Has an amount of at least 0.5, at most 10 weight sunlight and is less waxy percent based on the weight of the polymer feels 10. contains, wherein fti at least 80 percent by weight of the artificial human hair according to the invention Pigment particles range in size from 0.1 to pigmented fiber-forming synthetic 3.0 microns. Polymers is characterized in that it min- 2. Artificial human hair at least one transparent extension pigment with sprucb 1, characterized in that the Strek 15 has a refractive index of less than 1.7 in a Kungspigment from calcium carbonate and / or Ba amount of at least 0.5, at most 10 weight of rium carbonate consists. percent based on the weight of the polymer, 3. Artificial human hair according to An contains, at least 80 percent by weight of the Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pigment particle has a size in the range from 0.1 to fiber-forming synthetic polymer made from poly-20 3.0 microns. propylene consists. The extension pigment can be made from calcium carbonate and / or barium carbonate. The fiber-forming ___ ^ __ synthetic polymer can conveniently be made from polypropylene exist. 25 The artificial human hair according to the invention The invention relates to artificial manure which meets the above conditions, has light hair and, in particular, relates to an artificial human hair which has the same feel as natural human hair and which has a diameter of about 80 μm.
Very similar to hair and a suitable feel. It was not foreseeable that it would have shine in sunlight when used. In general, a linear material obtainable by spinning out a fiber-forming polymer obtained by spinning out an artificial human hair has a handle similar to that of human hair, a high gloss and a remarkable and especially a gloss with at most a waxy handle on it Surface. Therefore, very little metallic luster is difficult to obtain materials that are not exposed to sunlight.
Different grip compared to that of experiments have shown that the retention of natural human hair is present. The conditions specified for the artificial man were already typical anti-glare agents for such borne hair according to the invention is essential. It polymers, for example inorganic white pig- is z. B. has been found that with the addition of more men te, such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, to this 40 than 10 weight percent lime used for a polypropylene purpose. Although these materials make a textile pulp no useful synthetic hair has been found to have some anti-glare effect both under direct light. as well as under artificial light, the invention is illustrated below with reference to the The reason for the large refractive index of these materials is explained in more detail in the drawing. In the drawing shows only a very slight anti-glare effect under the sun available. human hair according to the invention, corresponding However, it is an essential condition for changing the size of the extender pigment particles, and Material with a natural human fig. 2 is an enlarged photomicrograph of FIG Hair-like grip that it also has an anti-three artificial human hair according to the has a glossy effect without metallic reflection, d. H. 50 invention. a luster with a metallic sheen in the context of the preferred embodiments exposure to the sun's rays. One became the required condition of the above such Hair material that is being investigated as a substitute for human-guided granules to the relationship Lich hair can serve, but is not yet available. the average grain size of the body British Patent 969 991 is the 55 stretch pigments and their fiber blending properties Determine production of high molecular weight polyamide threads, and found that a good one Knows that at least 10 percent by weight of lime a gloss and feel is achieved, for example in the case of Polymittleren Particle size of 5 microns or less on propylene fibers if calcium carbonate and a prove. Preferably, however, amounts of from 20 to known anti-glare agents (white pigment), for example 35% lime are incorporated, the particles being 60 titanium oxide with different average grain sizes should be less than 0.1 micron. The brand sizes, in an amount of 2 percent by weight table patent specification 969 991 is the task of incorporating a polypropylene resin according to example 1 reasons to be in textile fibers with a high content of lime. The grain size of the pigments with one To produce polyamide threads, a cheap material, diameter of about 0.4 μ was made by means of a E.g. intended for the production of staple fibers, to hold 65 electron microscope, during the passage still has acceptable textile properties. diameter of the particles larger than 0.04 μ under The British patent gives no indication of applying the Stokes formula accordingly for the production of artificial human the sedimentation process was calculated. at