DE19617754A1 - Air cleaning filter for removing pollutants and odours from air - Google Patents

Air cleaning filter for removing pollutants and odours from air

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Publication number
DE19617754A1
DE19617754A1 DE19617754A DE19617754A DE19617754A1 DE 19617754 A1 DE19617754 A1 DE 19617754A1 DE 19617754 A DE19617754 A DE 19617754A DE 19617754 A DE19617754 A DE 19617754A DE 19617754 A1 DE19617754 A1 DE 19617754A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
filter material
material according
fleece
flow
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19617754A
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German (de)
Inventor
Ernest De Dr Ruiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bluecher GmbH
Original Assignee
Bluecher GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bluecher GmbH filed Critical Bluecher GmbH
Priority to DE19617754A priority Critical patent/DE19617754A1/en
Priority to DE19708693A priority patent/DE19708693A1/en
Priority to DE19708694A priority patent/DE19708694A1/en
Publication of DE19617754A1 publication Critical patent/DE19617754A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/407—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing absorbing substances, e.g. activated carbon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5418—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/544—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/55—Polyesters

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Filter material woven out of fibres whose spacing decreases in the direction of flow so that adsorption particles of decreasing size are deposited in that direction. Also claimed is the filter assembly using the material described above.

Description

Mit steigendem Umweltbewußtsein, besseren Erkenntnissen über die Auswir­ kungen von Schadstoffen bzw. der Möglichkeit, diese auch in geringen Kon­ zentrationen analytisch zu erfassen, werden zunehmend Adsorptionsfilter zur Reinigung von Luftströmen eingesetzt. Des weiteren wird versucht, mit der gleichen Technik Geruchsbelästigungen zu vermeiden. Dabei ist Aktivkohle wohl das meist verwendete Adsorbens.With increasing environmental awareness, better knowledge about the impact of pollutants or the possibility of using them even in low con To determine concentrations analytically, adsorption filters are increasingly becoming Purification of air flows used. Furthermore, an attempt is made with the same technique to avoid unpleasant smells. Here is activated carbon probably the most used adsorbent.

Grundsätzlich gibt es drei Möglichkeiten: Schüttungen von geformten Adsor­ benzien (Formkohle, z. B. in Form von Zylindern), körnige Adsorbenzien, die an einer Trägerstruktur haften und schließlich Pulverkohle enthaltende Be­ schichtungen, die auf Trägerstrukturen haften.There are basically three options: fillings of shaped adsor benzene (shaped coal, e.g. in the form of cylinders), granular adsorbents, the adhere to a support structure and finally contain Be layers that adhere to support structures.

Schüttfilter haben den Nachteil, daß die Teilchengröße immer nur ein Kompro­ miß sein kann, da kleine Teilchen, die für die Adsorptionskinetik ideal wären, einen zu hohen Druckverlust verursachen. Es wurden deshalb Systeme ent­ wickelt, bei denen die Teilchen an Trägerstrukturen fixiert sind und die Durch­ lässigkeit weniger von den Teilchengrößen, sondern in erster Linie von der mehr oder weniger offenen Struktur des Trägers abhängt.Bulk filters have the disadvantage that the particle size is always only a compro can be wrong because small particles, which would be ideal for the adsorption kinetics, cause excessive pressure loss. Systems have therefore been developed winds in which the particles are fixed to support structures and the through not so much by the particle sizes, but primarily by the depends more or less open structure of the carrier.

Beschichtungen, die fein vermahlene Aktivkohle enthalten, haben den Nach­ teil, daß die Kohle in die Beschichtung eingebettet ist, was ihre Zugänglichkeit stark vermindert.Coatings that contain finely ground activated carbon have the aftermath part that the coal is embedded in the coating, making it accessible greatly reduced.

Aber auch bei den Filtermaterialien, die an Trägerstrukturen haftende Adsor­ benzien aufweisen, ist die Teilchengröße der Adsorberkörner ein wichtiges Kriterium. Große Teilchen haben mehr Masse und demzufolge eine hohe Ka­ pazität, kleine Teilchen wenig Kapazität, aber dafür eine sehr gute Kinetik. Eine Mischung von kleinen und großen Teilchen hätte keinen entscheidenden Vorteil, weil die kleinen Teilchen relativ schnell abgesättigt werden, so daß nach einiger Zeit nur noch die großen Teilchen zur Adsorption beitragen wür­ den. Um den günstigen Effekt der kleinen Teilchen nutzen zu können, wäre es nötig, die zu reinigenden Luftströme zuerst mit den großen Teilchen in Berüh­ rung zu bringen, die dank ihrer Kapazität die Hauptmenge der zu adsorbieren­ den Stoffe aufnehmen werden und erst danach mit den kleinen Teilchen, die dank ihrer guten Kinetik die geringen, noch nicht adsorbierten Mengen festhal­ ten werden.But also with the filter materials, the adsor adhering to carrier structures have benzene, the particle size of the adsorber is an important Criteria. Large particles have more mass and therefore a high Ka  capacity, small particles little capacity, but very good kinetics. A mixture of small and large particles would not have a decisive one Advantage because the small particles are saturated relatively quickly, so that after some time only the large particles would contribute to the adsorption the. In order to be able to use the beneficial effect of the small particles, it would be necessary, the air flows to be cleaned first with the large particles in touch bring, thanks to their capacity to adsorb most of the will absorb the substances and only afterwards with the small particles that thanks to their good kinetics, retain the small amounts not yet adsorbed be.

Es war Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein einfach herzustellendes Filterma­ terial zu entwickeln, bei welchem die Teilchengrößen des Adsorbens progres­ siv in Strömungsrichtung abnehmen.It was an object of the present invention to provide an easy to manufacture filter system to develop material in which the particle sizes of the adsorbent progres Remove siv in the direction of flow.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht in einem Faservlies mit in Strömungs­ richtung zunehmender Dichtheit bzw. mit in Strömungsrichtung abnehmendem Abstand zwischen den Fasern, in welches in Strömungsrichtung körnige Ad­ sorbenzien mit breiter Teilchengrößenverteilung eingeblasen bzw. eingerüttelt werden. Bei korrekter Abstimmung zwischen Vliesstruktur und Teilchengrößen werden die größten Teilchen am Anfang hängen bleiben, während die klein­ sten Teilchen fast bis zur anderen Seite der Vliesschicht eindringen werden. Es findet eine Aussiebung nach Teilchengrößen statt, so daß in Vlies ein kon­ tinuierlicher Übergang von großen zu kleinen Teilchen vorliegt.The solution according to the invention consists of a nonwoven fabric with a flow direction of increasing tightness or with decreasing in the flow direction Distance between the fibers, in which granular Ad sorbents with a broad particle size distribution are blown in or shaken will. With correct coordination between fleece structure and particle sizes the largest particles will get stuck in the beginning, while the small ones most particles will penetrate almost to the other side of the fleece layer. There is a screening for particle sizes, so that a con there is a gradual transition from large to small particles.

Es wurde gefunden, daß geeignete Teilchengrößenverteilungen für Kornkoh­ len wie folgt sind:
0,5-1 mm 40-70%
0,1-0,5 mm 30-60% und
0,05-0,1 mm 2-10%
(alles Gewichtsprozent). Für Kugelkohlen sind geeignete Teilchengrößenver­ teilungen (⌀) wie folgt:
0,5-0,8 mm 0-20%
0,3-0,5 mm 40-60% und
0,05-0,3 mm 30-40%.Suitable particle size distributions for grain carbons have been found to be as follows:
0.5-1 mm 40-70%
0.1-0.5 mm 30-60% and
0.05-0.1 mm 2-10%
(all weight percent). Suitable particle size distributions (⌀) for spherical carbons are as follows:
0.5-0.8 mm 0-20%
0.3-0.5 mm 40-60% and
0.05-0.3 mm 30-40%.

Diese Werte sind als bevorzugte Richtwerte zu betrachten, jedoch nicht als Einschränkung.These values are to be regarded as preferred guidelines, but not as Limitation.

Grundsätzlich können auch Mischungen aus Kornkohle und Kugelkohle einge­ setzt werden, wobei die Kornkohle eher in der äußeren Schicht hängenbleibt und die Kugelkohle tiefer in das Medium eindringt.In principle, mixtures of granular coal and spherical coal can also be used are set, whereby the grain coal tends to get stuck in the outer layer and the spherical carbon penetrates deeper into the medium.

Geeignete Vliese lassen sich durch besondere Verfahren herstellen, aber es können auch gröbere und feinere Vliese hintereinander angeordnet sein, je­ doch muß dann das ganze Vliespaket und nicht die einzelnen Vliese beladen werden. Zur Erhöhung der Stabilität können formstabile Gitter vor, in bzw. hin­ ter dem Vlies angeordnet sein. Zur Vermeidung von Qualitätseinbußen soll dem Adsorptionsfilter ein gutes Staubfilter vorgeschaltet sein, was dem Fach­ mann bekannt ist. Mit Filtern dieser Art, die bei einer Dicke von 10 mm 2,5 kg Kohle/m² enthielten, konnte bei 1 m/s ein Druckverlust 200 Pa, bevorzugter­ weise 100 Pa, erreicht werden.Suitable nonwovens can be produced by special processes, but it coarser and finer fleeces can also be arranged one behind the other, depending but then the entire fleece package and not the individual fleece must be loaded will. To increase stability, dimensionally stable grids can be placed in front of, in or out of ter be arranged the fleece. To avoid loss of quality be a good dust filter upstream of the adsorption filter, which is the subject man is known. With filters of this type, with a thickness of 10 mm 2.5 kg Coal / m² contained, at 1 m / s a pressure loss of 200 Pa, more preferred wise 100 Pa can be reached.

Bei der beschriebenen Arbeitsweise werden die körnigen Adsorbenzien zwi­ schen den Fasern eingeklemmt, was normalerweise zu einer ausreichenden Haftung führt. Soll eine sehr hohe Festigkeit bzw. Haftung der Adsorbenzien erreicht werden, so können für die Vliesherstellung Zweikomponentenfasern - eine mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt, die die Haftung bringt und eine mit hohem Schmelzpunkt - oder auch entsprechende Fasermischungen eingesetzt wer­ den, und die Vliese werden nach der Beladung bis zur Verfestigung erhitzt.In the procedure described, the granular adsorbents between trapped in the fibers, which is usually sufficient Liability leads. Should have a very high strength or adhesion of the adsorbents can be achieved, two-component fibers - one with a low melting point that brings the adhesion and one with a high one Melting point - or corresponding fiber mixtures used  the and the fleeces are after loading until solidification heated.

Claims (11)

1. Filtermaterial, bestehend aus einem Faservlies mit in Strömungsrichtung kleiner werdenden Abständen zwischen den Fasern, so daß in dieser Richtung die Dichtigkeit zunimmt, beladen mit körnigen Adsorbenzien, de­ ren Teilchengröße in Strömungsrichtung kontinuierlich abnimmt.1. Filter material, consisting of a non-woven fabric with in the direction of flow decreasing distances between the fibers, so that in this Direction the tightness increases, loaded with granular adsorbents, de ren particle size decreases continuously in the flow direction. 2. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies ein Polyolefin-Vlies ist.2. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece is a polyolefin nonwoven. 3. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies ein Polyester-Vlies ist.3. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece is a polyester fleece. 4. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies aus Kernmantelfasern bzw. Dikomponent-Fasern hergestellt ist, wobei eine Komponente einen um mindestens 20°C niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt bzw. Punkt des Klebrigwerdens hat als die anderen Komponenten.4. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece is made from core sheath fibers or dicomponent fibers, wherein one component has a melting point that is at least 20 ° C lower or point of stickiness than the other components. 5. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies aus einer Fasermischung aus Fasern mit hohem Schmelzpunkt, vorzugs­ weise 160 °C, und solche mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt, vorzugsweise 120-140°C, besteht.5. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece from a fiber mixture of fibers with a high melting point, preferably as 160 ° C, and those with a low melting point, preferably 120-140 ° C. 6. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke des Vlieses 2-15 mm, bevorzugterweise 3-12 mm, beträgt und eine Men­ ge Adsorbenzien von 20-300 g/l, bevorzugterweise 30-200 g/l, enthält.6. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the fleece is 2-15 mm, preferably 3-12 mm, and a men contains adsorbents of 20-300 g / l, preferably 30-200 g / l. 7. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Adsor­ bens Aktivkohle mit einem breiten Spektrum von Teilchengrößen zwi­ schen 0,05-1 mm ist, derart beschaffen, daß der Gewichtsanteil der Teil­ chen von 0,5-1 mm 40-70%, jener der Teilchen von 0,1-0,5 mm 30-60% und jener der Teilchen 0,05-0,1 mm 2-10% beträgt.7. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the adsor bens activated carbon with a wide range of particle sizes between  is 0.05-1 mm, such that the proportion by weight of the part Chen of 0.5-1 mm 40-70%, that of the particles of 0.1-0.5 mm 30-60% and that of the particles is 0.05-0.1 mm 2-10%. 8. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Adsor­ bens eine Kugelkohle mit einer breiten Verteilung von Durchmessern von 0,05-1 mm ist, die so beschaffen ist, daß der Gewichtsanteil von Kugeln mit Durchmessern zwischen 0,5-0,8 mm 0-20%, jener mit Durchmessern zwischen 0,3-0,5 mm 40-60%, jener von 0,05-0,3 mm 30-40%, beträgt.8. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the adsor bens a spherical coal with a wide distribution of diameters from 0.05-1 mm, which is such that the weight fraction of balls with diameters between 0.5-0.8 mm 0-20%, those with diameters between 0.3-0.5 mm 40-60%, that of 0.05-0.3 mm 30-40%. 9. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Mi­ schung aus Kornkohle und Kugelkohle eingesetzt wird.9. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that a Mi is made of grain coal and spherical coal. 10. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck­ abfall bei einer Luftgeschwindigkeit von 1 m/s 200 Pa, vorzugsweise 100 Pa, beträgt.10. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure fall at an air speed of 1 m / s 200 Pa, preferably  100 Pa. 11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Adsorptionsfilters nach einem oder meh­ reren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Faservlies mit in Strömungsrichtung zunehmender Dichtigkeit mit einem körnigen oder kugelförmigen Adsorbens mit breiter Teilchengrößenvertei­ lung beladen wird, wobei das Adsorbens mit einem starken Luftstrom ein­ geschossen oder eingesaugt bzw. eingerüttelt wird, und dabei über einen beträchtlichen Teil der Filterschicht durch den Siebeffekt der zunehmen­ den Dichtigkeit die Teilchengröße in Strömungsrichtung kontinuierlich ab­ nimmt.11. A method for producing an adsorption filter according to one or more reren of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Nonwoven fabric with increasing tightness in the direction of flow with a granular or spherical adsorbent with a broad particle size distribution lung is loaded, the adsorbent with a strong air flow is shot or sucked or shaken, and thereby over a considerable part of the filter layer due to the sieve effect of increasing the particle size continuously decreases in the direction of flow takes.
DE19617754A 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Air cleaning filter for removing pollutants and odours from air Withdrawn DE19617754A1 (en)

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DE19617754A DE19617754A1 (en) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Air cleaning filter for removing pollutants and odours from air
DE19708693A DE19708693A1 (en) 1996-05-03 1997-03-04 Filter material for water filters or as a combined filter material for vehicle interiors
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998042903A2 (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-10-01 Varex Medizintechnik Und Pharma Gmbh Method and device for producing an absorbing non-woven carbon fabric
DE10224878A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2004-01-08 Pall Corporation Filter insert and method for its production

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DE3443900A1 (en) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-05 Bluecher Hubert PROTECTIVE MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
GB2194255A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-03-02 Kimberly Clark Co Active particle-containing nonwoven material, method of formation thereof, and uses thereof
US4731135A (en) * 1980-11-12 1988-03-15 Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Process for making a filter having a continuous density gradient
DE4034798A1 (en) * 1990-11-02 1992-05-07 Sandler Helmut Helsa Werke Adsorption surface filter prepn. - by fixing adsorber particles on air-permeable sheet support with moisture-curable polyurethane-based melt adhesive
DE4206443C1 (en) * 1992-02-29 1993-08-12 Helsa-Werke Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co Kg, 8586 Gefrees, De Air permeable flexible web carrying active particles fixed by adhesive dots - obtd. by applying active particles to wet adhesive dot pattern onto the support in extended state and then shrinking the coated web
DE4205648A1 (en) * 1992-02-25 1993-08-26 Hasso Von Bluecher Flat filter for protection against toxic skin-permeable chemicals - comprising air-permeable carrier coated with non-carbonised polymeric absorber particles applied with adhesive in point pattern
DE4432834A1 (en) * 1993-09-17 1995-03-23 Hasso Von Bluecher Process and materials for treating polluted areas
DE4407149A1 (en) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-07 Hasso Von Bluecher Multi-layer adsorption filler for non-static gas filtration applications

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2721511C2 (en) * 1976-05-12 1985-11-28 Honshu Seishi K.K., Tokyo Adsorbent nonwoven fabric and process for its manufacture
US4731135A (en) * 1980-11-12 1988-03-15 Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Process for making a filter having a continuous density gradient
DE3443900A1 (en) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-05 Bluecher Hubert PROTECTIVE MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
GB2194255A (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-03-02 Kimberly Clark Co Active particle-containing nonwoven material, method of formation thereof, and uses thereof
DE4034798A1 (en) * 1990-11-02 1992-05-07 Sandler Helmut Helsa Werke Adsorption surface filter prepn. - by fixing adsorber particles on air-permeable sheet support with moisture-curable polyurethane-based melt adhesive
DE4205648A1 (en) * 1992-02-25 1993-08-26 Hasso Von Bluecher Flat filter for protection against toxic skin-permeable chemicals - comprising air-permeable carrier coated with non-carbonised polymeric absorber particles applied with adhesive in point pattern
DE4206443C1 (en) * 1992-02-29 1993-08-12 Helsa-Werke Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co Kg, 8586 Gefrees, De Air permeable flexible web carrying active particles fixed by adhesive dots - obtd. by applying active particles to wet adhesive dot pattern onto the support in extended state and then shrinking the coated web
DE4432834A1 (en) * 1993-09-17 1995-03-23 Hasso Von Bluecher Process and materials for treating polluted areas
DE4407149A1 (en) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-07 Hasso Von Bluecher Multi-layer adsorption filler for non-static gas filtration applications

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998042903A2 (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-10-01 Varex Medizintechnik Und Pharma Gmbh Method and device for producing an absorbing non-woven carbon fabric
WO1998042903A3 (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-11-05 Varex Medizintechnik Und Pharm Method and device for producing an absorbing non-woven carbon fabric
DE10224878A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2004-01-08 Pall Corporation Filter insert and method for its production

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