DE19606940B4 - Asynchronous bus system with shared information and energy transfer based on a maximum of two-core cable - Google Patents

Abstract

A line-based bus system based on a two-wire bus system or a single-wire bus system and a Diefektrikums consisting of at least one master and at least one slave, wherein the or the slaves from a power consuming, information processing unit and arbitrary actuators and sensors via the information processing unit the slave (s) are actuated, and that both the field energy coupled to the information and also beyond that, the field energy required to operate the slave (s) is taken from the bus system,
characterized by
that phases alternate in the course of time, in which information for the response of the slave (s) are transmitted with phases in which only electric field energy without information content is transmitted to the power supply of the slave (s),
wherein the phase serving to transmit only the field energy to the power supply of the slave (s) represents a quiescent polarity of the bus system and the phase in which information is transmitted is represented by transitions between quiescent polarity and transmission polarity;
and that the ...

Description

conventional Bus systems in which the data transfer takes place via electrically conductive connections, need to the full Connection of at least two communication partners at least three veins. Two wires become the supply of electrical energy used, the other vein for data transfer. Technically realized However, these are usually systems where there are at least four wires of which at least two are for data transfer. Depending on Type of transfer (duplex / half-duplex or serial / parallel), data direction within one wire (unidirectional / bidirectional) and transfer supporting lines (Tact, alarm, synchronization, release, etc.) may be the number of required Increase lines significantly. Especially in the field of fieldbus systems (systems in the measurement and Control technology, the sensors, actuators, and computers / controllers etc. over longer distances connect) is an increasing number of lines with growing Costs and a higher one Probability of faulty wiring connected. Often it is the functionality a bus system only for given a fixed topography of the bus.

Conventional bus systems generally work with an alternating voltage, which is modulated, ie the signal - the information content - is impressed. It is basically avoided to obtain a DC component in the transmission voltage. This method is in the publications DE 39 32 035 A1 and US 38 18 481 described. Conventional bus systems, which at the same time transmit data and power, impress on the power transmitting current harmonics which transmit the information, eg G. Färber: Bus Systems: Parallel and Serial Bus Systems in Theory and Practice, R. Oldenbourg Verlag München Wien, 1984, p 99, Figure 110. These bus systems require the use of terminating resistors. (The said bus systems thus differ fundamentally from the bus system of the present invention, in which the essential component is precisely the DC component which ensures the energy supply to the bus subscribers sensors and actuators).

Another feature of these bus systems is that they operate at a given data transfer rate (baud rate). This must be communicated to all participants before commissioning the bus system, or set to them. There is the possibility, by an additional wire - the clock line - specify a predetermined by a master baud rate all other participants. So is the baud rate in the document DE 39 32 035 A1 by the clock generator 5 in 1 and the AC 15 in 2 established. Such a bus is thus operated synchronously.

One another problem with bus systems operating over long distances is that u.U. not all participants with the same electrical reference potential work, so cross currents can flow that on the one hand, a data transfer complicate or prevent, on the other hand, damage to the cause electronic components of subscribers. this applies especially if the participants are equipped with sensors, for example based on potential measurements.

problem

you can generally look at a bus system through the eyes of a computer scientist, as stated above has been. However, one can also see a bus system through the eyes of a physicist. In this case, it is about that electromagnetic waves certain shape and frequency along conductors (metallic and / or dielectric) guided to transfer information. Because such a wave with itself energy of the electromagnetic Fields can, in principle, not only information but also transfer energy be, for example, that at a certain point of the leader the amplitude of the wave is reduced by energy extraction. It is known that a maximum of two metallic conductors are needed, to guide such a wave along the ladder; but it is enough a metallic conductor and, for example, the earth as (dielectric) second Conductor when frequencies are used, for example, through microelectronic circuits can be generated.

• – Werden zwei oder ein Leiter verwendet?
• – Werden die zum Betrieb eines Teilnehmers (Slave) nötige Energie und die zum Ansprechen des Slave erforderliche Information zeitlich gleichzeitig oder in sich abwechselnden Phasen übertragen, bei denen die eine Phase ausschließlich elektrische Feldenergie ohne Informationsgehalt, die andere Phase Informationen zum Ansprechen der Slave(s) überträgt?
• – Werden Information und Feldenergie ohne Informationsgehalt mit gleicher Frequenz übertragen, oder werden für beide Aufgaben zwei Wellen unterschiedlicher Frequenz verwendet?
• – Wird die Ein- und Auskopplung von Information und Energie galvanisch, induktiv, über geschaltete Kapazitäten oder durch Optokoppler vorgenommen?
• – Und letztlich, wird das Leitersystem partiell durch metallische Leiter, partiell durch einen dielektrischen Leiter aufgebaut?

If a bus system is constructed in this way, as is done in accordance with the present invention, then it is a matter of appropriately answering the questions:

• - Are two or one ladder used?
• If the energy required for operating a subscriber (slave) and the information required to respond to the slave are transmitted simultaneously or in alternating phases in which the one phase exclusively electric field energy without information content, the other phase information to address the slave (s ) transmits?
• - Are information and field energy transmitted without information content at the same frequency, or are two waves of different frequencies used for both tasks?
• - Is the coupling and decoupling of information and energy galvanic, inductive, switched over te capacities or by optocouplers?
• - And finally, is the ladder system partially constructed by metallic conductors, partially by a dielectric conductor?

• – Ob sie asynchron geschehen soll?
• – Mit unterschiedlichen Baudraten je nach Bedarf,
• – Wie die augenblicklich gültige Baudrate allen Teilnehmern übermittelt wird?
• – Welche Voraussetzungen für das Übertragungsprotokoll zu erfüllen sind, damit nicht nur der bidirektionale Datenverkehr zwischen einem Master und mehreren Slaves gewährleistet wird?
• – Sondern insbesondere auch wie der Datenverkehr abgewickelt werden kann, wenn mehrere Master am Bus angeschlossen sind.

Unaffected by these physical questions, the information-technical aspect remains to be answered, as in particular the information transfer happens:

• - Whether it should happen asynchronously?
• - with different baud rates as needed,
• - How to transfer the currently valid baud rate to all subscribers?
• - Which requirements have to be fulfilled for the transmission protocol so that not only bidirectional data traffic between one master and several slaves is guaranteed?
• - But in particular also how the data traffic can be handled if several masters are connected to the bus.

description

• a. dass der Bus auf der physikalischen Ebene aus maximal zwei metallischen Leitern oder einem metallischen und einem dielektrischen oder einem einzigen dielektrischen Leiter zur Führung elektromagnetischer Feldenergie besteht und der Master oder die Master vorrangig sowie die Slave(s) nach Aufforderung dem Bus ohne Einschränkung durch eine vorgegebene Topographie jeweils asynchron eine unregelmäßige Wellenform in Abhängigkeit von der Anforderung der Slave(s) gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Frequenz aufprägen, deren Gestalt weitgehend rechteckig ist, die aber durch die Rechtecke in ihrer Anordnung neben Feldenergie auch Information überträgt und die den Energiebedürfnissen der Slaves entsprechend in ihrer Höhe in weiten Grenzen variieren kann, wobei die Information einerseits durch den Wechsel zwischen Ruhepolarität und entgegengesetzt gerichteter Übertragungspolarität bitweise und bidirektional übertragen wird und wobei im Falle der Informationsübertragung von einem angesprochenen Slave zum Master die dafür notwendige elektromagnetische Energie vom jeweiligen Slave aus dem ihm eigenen Energiespeicher entnommen wird, während der Master seine Energieeinspeisung unterbricht, wobei die Ein- und Auskopplung von Feldenergie und Information durch Master und Slaves je nach Art der verwendeten Leiter und den Anforderungen an die Entkopplung der Potentiale galvanisch oder induktiv oder durch geschaltete Kapazitäten oder optoelektronisch geschieht,
• b. dass die Baudrate für die Datenübertragung dem jeweiligen Anwendungsfall entsprechend gewählt werden kann, wobei die Information über die jeweils gültige Baudrate aus der zeitlichen Abfolge der anfänglichen Übergänge zwischen Nicht-Ruhepolarität und Ruhepolarität eines Datensatzes oder einer Nachricht durch Messung beim Slave entnommen wird, wobei das Verhältnis der Zeitdauer von jeweils erster Nicht-Ruhepolarität und Ruhepolarität eines Datensatzes oder einer Nachricht innerhalb eines Bussystems festgelegt ist, und dass die Datenübertragung in Form von Datensätzen erfolgt, die eine für das Bussystem festgelegte Anzahl von Bits und damit genau festgelegte Länge haben, wobei innerhalb eines Datensatzes verschiedene Felder wie Adress-, Befehls-, Datenfeld definiert sind, in denen genau festgelegte Informationen für die Empfänger enthalten sind, wobei dies gleichermaßen für die Informationsübertragung vom Master zum Slave und umgekehrt gilt und in einem solchen Fall der jeweils angesprochene Slave seine Antwort in die für ihn reservierten Felder eingibt;
• c. dass in Phasen, in denen keine Informationsübertragung erfolgt, die eingespeiste Feldenergie allein zur Energieübertragung an die Slaves dient, insbesondere zur Versorgung ihrer angeschlossenen Sensoren und Aktoren sowie zur Auffüllung ihrer Energiespeicher und dass in einem solchen Fall Amplitude und Frequenz erhöht werden können,
• d. dass die zum Betrieb von Aktoren und Sensoren der angeschlossenen Slave(s) notwendige Energie auch aus einer vom Bussystem unabhängigen Quelle kommen kann und das Bussystem in diesen Fällen die zur Steuerung und zum Betrieb der Sensoren und Aktoren notwendige Information überträgt,
• e. dass, wenn mehrere Master im Bussystem integriert sind, diese sich über ein Protokoll über ihre Priorität verständigen, wobei dem jeweiligen Master eine unterschiedliche Frequenz und 1 oder auch eine unterschiedliche Datenübertragungsgeschwindigkeit zugeordnet werden können,
• f. dass die Übertragung des Datensatzes und die Teilnahme eines Slaves am Datentransfer durch geeignete Hardwareschaltungen unterbrochen werden kann, wenn das überwachende Übertragungsprotokoll Fehler beim Datentransfer feststellt,
• g. dass der Anschluss eines Teilnehmers (Slave(s)) an die Adern des Bussystems unabhängig von einer Zuordnung an eine bestimmte Anschlusseinrichtung eines Teilnehmers, d. h. der Anschluss verpolungssicher ist.

The present invention is based on the above problems and comprises a wire-bound bus system for transmitting information and energy between at least one master and at least one slave, characterized

• a. that the physical-level bus consists of a maximum of two metallic conductors or a metallic and a dielectric or a single dielectric conductor for conducting electromagnetic field energy and the master or masters as well as the slave (s) upon request of the bus without limitation by a predetermined Topography each asynchronously imprint an irregular waveform depending on the requirement of the slave (s) of the same or different frequency, whose shape is largely rectangular, but which also transfers information through the rectangles in their arrangement in addition to field energy and the energy needs of the slaves in their Height can vary within wide limits, the information is transmitted on the one hand by the change between Ruhepolarität and oppositely directed Übertragungspolarität bitwise and bidirectional and wherein in the case of information transfer from a contended ochenen slave to master the necessary electromagnetic energy is taken from the respective slave from its own energy storage, while the master interrupts its energy supply, the coupling and decoupling of field energy and information by master and slaves depending on the type of conductors used and the requirements to the decoupling of the potentials galvanically or inductively or by switched capacitances or opto-electronically,
• b. that the baud rate for the data transmission can be selected according to the particular application, wherein the information on the currently valid baud rate from the time sequence of the initial transitions between non-Ruhepolarität and Ruhepolarität a record or a message is taken by measurement at the slave, wherein the ratio the duration of each first non-rest polarity and Ruhepolarität a data set or a message within a bus system is set, and that the data transmission takes place in the form of data sets having a fixed number of bits for the bus system and thus exactly fixed length, wherein within a Dataset different fields such as address, command, data field are defined in which precisely specified information for the recipients are included, this applies equally to the transfer of information from the master to the slave and vice versa, and in such a case the respective addressed slave enters its answer in the reserved fields for him;
• c. that in phases in which no information transmission takes place, the fed-in field energy is used solely for energy transmission to the slaves, in particular for supplying their connected sensors and actuators and for filling their energy storage and that in such a case amplitude and frequency can be increased,
• d. that the energy required for the operation of actuators and sensors of the connected slave (s) can also come from a source independent of the bus system and in these cases the bus system transmits the information necessary for the control and operation of the sensors and actuators,
• e. if several masters are integrated in the bus system, they communicate via a protocol about their priority, wherein the respective master can be assigned a different frequency and 1 or else a different data transmission speed,
• f. the transmission of the data record and the participation of a slave in the data transfer can be interrupted by suitable hardware circuits if the monitoring transmission protocol detects errors in the data transfer,
• G. the connection of a subscriber (slave (s)) to the wires of the bus system is independent of an assignment to a specific connection device of a subscriber, ie the connection is reverse polarity protected.

• – Es werden maximal nur zwei Adern zur Energieversorgung um zum Datentransfer benötigt.
• – Es stehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Ein- und Auskopplung für die elektro-magnetische Feldenergie, sei es unter dem Aspekt der Übertragung von Information oder ausschließlich von Energie zur Verfügung, je nach dem Anwendungsfall in Form galvanischer, induktiver, geschalteter kapazi tiver oder optoelektronischer Einrichtungen.
• – Es existiert keinerlei vorgeschriebene Polarität der elektrischen bzw. dielektrischen Leiter. Es ist damit unwesentlich, in welcher Kombination Leiter zweier Teile des Bussystems miteinander verbunden, oder in welcher Kombination der Anschlüsse/Leiter Teilnehmer an das Bussystem angeschlossen werden, solange nicht beide Leiter miteinander verbunden werden.
• – Es gibt keine vorgeschriebene Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit für Daten. Damit kann die Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit in weiten Bereichen den Verhältnissen des Bussystems angepasst werden. Das Bussystem arbeitet somit asynchron und stellt damit keine besonderen Anforderungen im Hinblick an die Kapazität, die Induktivität, oder den Stromverbrauch seiner Teile.
• – Die Spannung innerhalb des Bussystems kann in weiten Bereichen frei gewählt werden.
• – Jeder Teilnehmer, der zugleich Verbraucher ist, erzeugt sich die von ihm intern benötigten Versorgungsspannungen selbst.
• – Das Übertragungsprotokoll ist derart gestaltet, dass bei einem Fehler in der Datenübertragung die Datenübertragung durch eine Hardwareschaltung soweit unterbrochen wird, dass keine fehlerhafte Übertragung von Informationen erfolgt.
• – Es wird, wenn erforderlich, eine weitestgehende Entkopplung der Bezugspotentiale hinsichtlich der Teilnehmer erreicht.

In the following, the advantages of the present invention are shown in the case of the embodiment of a two-conductor system with at least one metallic conductor compared to the prior art described above:

• - Only a maximum of two wires are required for power supply for data transfer.
• - There are various ways of coupling and decoupling for the electromagnetic field energy, be it in terms of the transfer of information or only energy available, depending on the application in the form of galvanic, inductive, switched kapazi tive or optoelectronic devices.
• There is no prescribed polarity of the electrical or dielectric conductors. It is therefore immaterial in which combination conductors of two parts of the bus system connected to each other, or in which combination of connections / conductors participants are connected to the bus system, as long as both conductors are not connected to each other.
• - There is no prescribed transmission speed for data. Thus, the transmission speed can be adapted to the conditions of the bus system in a wide range. The bus system thus operates asynchronously and thus makes no special demands with regard to the capacitance, the inductance, or the power consumption of its parts.
• - The voltage within the bus system can be freely selected within wide ranges.
• - Each participant, who is also a consumer, generates the supply voltages that are internally required by himself.
• - The transmission protocol is designed such that in case of an error in the data transmission, the data transmission through a hardware circuit is interrupted so far that no erroneous transmission of information takes place.
• - It is, if necessary, achieved as far as possible decoupling of the reference potentials with respect to the participants.

implemented is this bus system as follows The voltage curve (in phase the information transfer) turns out to be an irregular AC voltage that possible comes close to a rectangular voltage curve. At every change the voltage is a polarity change the two veins. This is done by several power semiconductors reached.

Become the coupling and decoupling of energy into the bus system like mentioned about transformers or switched capacities should be made for the phases in which no information is transmitted instead of one stationary Ruhepolarität an AC voltage higher Frequency are fed. The associated information content Although it is zero, it (is and) must be recognizable to the participants but should not have any effect in the information technology sense cause.

• – Eine Phase – im Folgenden als Startphase bezeichnet – nach dem ersten Polaritätswechsel von der Ruhe- zur Übertragungspolarität.
• – Eine zweite Phase – im Folgenden als Wertigkeitsphase bezeichnet – zu deren Beginn oder Ende je nach Wertigkeit des Bits – die Ruhepolarität erreicht wird.
• – Eine dritte Phase – Ruhephase – liegt zwischen dem Ende einer Übertragungsphase und dem Beginn einer folgenden Startphase.

Compared to a given Ruhepolarität carried exactly two polarity changes for the transmission of a bit. Thus, the state of Ruhepolarität is reached again after the transmission of a bit. With the first alternating polarity of the line pair, all subscribers are notified of the beginning of the transmission of a bit. The duration of a state of changed polarity, hereinafter referred to as transmission polarity, indicates the significance of the bit ("n" / "1" or "low /" high "). The transmission of a bit is therefore divided into at least two temporal phases:

• - A phase - hereinafter referred to as start phase - after the first polarity change from the quiescent to the transmission polarity.
• - A second phase - hereinafter referred to as valence phase - at the beginning or end depending on the significance of the bit - the Ruhepolarität is achieved.
• - A third phase - resting phase - is between the end of a transfer phase and the beginning of a subsequent start phase.

The relationship the duration from start to transfer phase is defined within a bus system. (When weighting phase and rest phase have the same polarity. so can these be considered as one phase.)

The data transfer takes the form of datasets, the one for the bus system specified number of bits, thus accurately specified Have length. The control of the transmission A record is made by one or more masters.

• – Ein Adressfeld, mit dem genau ein Empfänger angesprochen wird.
• – Ein Funktionsfeld, mit dessen Inhalt nur dem angesprochenen Empfänger mitgeteilt wird, welche Funktion er auszuführen hat, bzw. von welcher Art die Information ist
• – Weitere Felder, die u.a. die (im Funktionsfeld angekündigte und definierte) zu übertragende Information beinhalten.

Within a record, there are several different fields that contain exactly defined information for the recipients:

• - An address field with which exactly one receiver is addressed.
• - A function field, with the contents of which only the addressed recipient is informed, which function he has to perform, or what kind of information is
• - Other fields that contain, among other things, the information (announced and defined in the function field) to be transmitted.

If the addressee of a data record has to respond, eg in the case of a data transfer from the slave to the master, then this response must take place within the current data record within the framework of the specified protocol. This means that the Data transfer direction within a data set can be both unidirectional as well as bidirectional. The master formulates the answer, insofar as the response from the addressed slave is introduced at the correct time into the free fields of the data record provided for this purpose. A master must also read and control each record itself.

Within of a data set, the baud rate remains the same. The detection of the transmission speed is done by measuring the duration of the start phase of the first bit the side of the recipient.

The Power supply of a subscriber of the proposed according to this invention Bus system after decoupling (the field energy from the conductor pair) is done by rectification of the voltage applied to the two wires Tension. Downstream can be an adjustment of the rectified Voltage by a combination of galvanically coupled (linear regulators, Switching regulators or comparable components) or galvanically decoupled Components.

The primary Feeding of electrical energy into the bus system takes place exclusively through the Master or the master. This has the option of the power feed to interrupt.

The energy fed into the bus system can be used to operate the connected Participants are used, this includes in particular the operation of actuators and sensors higher Power consumption with one. Each participant, but especially the Slaves are equipped with an energy storage, which also has the fed energy is charged. The operation of actuators and Sensors needed Energy can also come from a source independent of the bus system, wherein then the control and operation of the sensors and actuators necessary information about the bus system is transported.

The Topography of the bus system is arbitrary. She can be a star-like Structure, tree structure, ring structure, or unbranched structure own, or it can Elements of arbitrary structures in a topography at the same time be used.

On the side of a recipient (also of the master) by a suitable assembly, preferably Optocouplers, the information from the two wires and decoupled read.

By the type of information collection described above by the Master and the slave (s) is an at least partial decoupling the electrical reference potentials of slave (s), master and bus system reached. By using galvanically decoupling voltage regulator on the side of the slave (s) is a complete galvanic Decoupling of all parts of the bus system.

in the Case of bidirectional data transport is the feed information from a slave through power semiconductors. In such a case, the bus is wired by the master so that from its side no energy feed takes place. The feed the for the information transfer required field energy then takes place on the part of the sending slave. This requires there a storage of electrical energy, such as it has already been described, such as in the form of a battery or a Capacitor of sufficiently high capacity.

• – Es kann ein Protokoll vereinbart werden, nach dem den Mastern untereinander eine Priorität zugeordnet wird, entsprechend der ein Master senden darf oder nicht. Dieses kann durch eine Kommunikation zwischen den Mastern erreicht werden oder ohne eine derartige Kommunikation erfolgen.
• – Es kann ein System ähnlich einem Token Ring installiert werden.
• – Je nach Art der Einspeisung von Daten und Energie und deren Auskopplung kann die Datenübertragung der Master mit unterschiedlicher Frequenz erfolgen, so dass einer oder mehrere Master mit unterschiedliche Datenübertragungsgeschwindigkeit arbeiten.

Another advantage of the bus system proposed here is that several masters can be used. It is necessary that they are controlled so that no bus collision occurs. This can be achieved through various measures:

• - It can be agreed to a protocol according to which the masters are assigned a priority among each other, according to which a master may or may not send. This can be achieved by communication between the masters or without such communication.
• - A system similar to a token ring can be installed.
• - Depending on the nature of the feed of data and energy and their decoupling, the data transmission of the master can be done with different frequency, so that one or more masters operate at different data transmission speed.

• – In einem solchen Fall erfolgt die Energieeinspeisung seitens des Masters und die Leistungsentnahme seitens der Slave nur im Zustand der Ruhepolarität.
• – Im Zustand der Übertragungspolarität muss dann nur soviel Leistung eingespeist werden, wie die Verluste innerhalb des Bussystems es erforderlich machen.
• – Damit kann die Energiespeicherung in einem Slave deutlich verkleinert werden.

If, during the laying of the bus lines, a restriction is made to the design that when the two wires and the connection of slave (s) no interchangeability of the wires is allowed, so the feed of energy from a transmitting within a record slave significantly reduce:

• - In such a case, the energy input by the master and the power extraction by the slave takes place only in the state of Ruhepolarität.
• - In the state of the transmission polarity then only as much power must be fed in as the losses within the bus system make it necessary.
• - This can significantly reduce the energy storage in a slave.

The agreed transmission protocol is like this designed that a monitoring of the entire data transfer and participation in this can be done by a slave only by suitable hardware circuits. This is especially true for security functions such as exceeding the duration of the transmission of a data set, parity checks or abort of data transmission within a data set, etc.

Claims (9)

Wired bus system based on a two-wire bus system or a single-wire bus system and a Diefektrikums, consisting of at least one master and at least a slave, the slave or slaves being from a power consuming, information processing unit and any actors and Sensors that over the information processing unit of the slave (s) are controlled, and that both the field energy coupled to the information, as well as above Going beyond, the field energy required to operate the slave (s) from the bus system be taken characterized by that is in the time course phases alternate in which information to the Transmission of the slave (s) transmitted become phases in which only electric field energy transmitted without information content to the power supply of the slave (s) become, the phase being used for transmission excluding the Field energy for powering the slave (s) is used, a Ruhepolarität the bus system represents the phase in which information is transmitted through transitions between rest polarity and transmission polarity becomes; and that the speed of information transfer for every Message or record varying according to the particular application and thus can be adapted to each individual slave, where the information about the respective transmission speed from the beginning of the transfer of a Result in a message or record transition between transmission polarity and quiescent polarity, and this information is detected by measuring the slave, wherein as a condition for the detection of the transmission speed the time relationship both states - the respectively first transmission polarity and Ruhepolarität - within a bus system is set. Bus system according to Claim 1, characterized that, controlled by a master, the information transfer can be bi-directional, with the information transfer from slave (s) to the master required field energy from the energy storage the slave (s) itself is provided. Bus system according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized that both the master and slave (s) subscribers of the Bus system, as well as the electrical connection between the participants each one individually for independent of other participants or the electrical connection are and that have the same electrical potential, a different one can have electrical potential or can be galvanically isolated from each other. Bus system according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized that the data transfer in Form of records is done, one for the bus system specified number of bits and thus specified Have length, whereby within a data set different fields as address, Functional and more Information fields are defined in which exactly specified information for the receiver this being equally for information transfer from master to slave (s) and vice versa and in such a case the respective addressed slave his answer in reserved for him Fields enters. Bus system according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized characterized in that in phases in which no information transmission takes place, the fed field energy only for energy transfer to the slave (s) is used, in particular for the supply of their connected Sensors and actuators and to replenish their energy storage. Bus system according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized characterized in that the operation of actuators and sensors as also for charging the energy storage of the connected slave (s) necessary energy complementary can also come from a source independent of the bus system and the bus system in these cases which is necessary for the control and operation of the sensors and actuators Information transfers. Bus system according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized characterized in that a plurality of masters connected to the bus system are, and that they are over a log over their priority communicate, wherein the respective master a different data transmission speed can be assigned. Bus system according to the above claims, characterized that the transmission Data from master to slave (s) as well as slave (s) to Master can be interrupted by suitable hardware circuits, when monitoring the transmission protocol Master detects errors during data transfer. Bus system according to the above claims, characterized in that the connection of a Subscriber to the cores of the bus system is reverse polarity protected and thus independent of the assignment of a particular wire to a particular terminal device of a subscriber.