DE19606424A1 - Stereoscopic imaging system for surgical microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

The imaging system has an illumination beam used to provide 2 partial beams for illuminating the object from 2 different directions, to provide images for the left and right eyes of the observer. The 2 partial beams are provided in alternation at a frequency which is greater than the flicker frequency of the human eye, the corresponding images supplied to the eyes at the same frequency, for simulating a stereoscopic image.

Description

The invention relates to a method for generating the stereoscopic image of an object and an arrangement for stereoscopic viewing.

It is in conventional transmitted and reflected light microscopes, especially in single-channel microscopic systems, preferably for stereoscopic observation of a video image applicable.

The known stereomicroscopic arrangements are based on two separate eyes microscopic beam paths. The usual arrangements are the Greenough type or the Galileo type. Your common Disadvantage is the limitation of microscopic resolution, so that apertures <0.1 are only possible with great effort. This is due to the fact that large stereo arrangements Working distances are desired and at the usual Arrangements through the required angle for the Stereo viewing, the two separate beam paths and the Socket parts of the two beam paths with manageable Dimensioning of the optics only for small apertures is available.

It is also known to achieve stereoscopic Effect in the condenser of a single-lens microscope To use half diaphragms in the form of polarization filters whose Polarization directions are perpendicular to each other and in the polarization filters oriented accordingly to both tubes to be provided (Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 153, Feb. 1989, Pp. 181-186).

DE-A1-43 11 603 describes a stereo microscope at high Proposed magnifications at the resolution limit where in the beam path of a single lens Light microscope in the object plane and an object translator beam path switch on the imaging side are arranged. The object translator is disadvantageous here, whose movement leads to vibrations of the entire microscope can, especially with large object dimensions.  

In US Patent 4,561,731 and DE 31 08 389 as well as US 4806776 a pseudostereoscopic effect with the help of a so-called Differentia polarization lighting generated. For the For lighting, two separate light sources are provided, which Polarizers for the generation of different Polarization directions are subordinate.

A real stereoscopic image, on the other hand, is to be generated in US 4561731, DE 31 08 389 according to FIG. 10 and the associated description in that polarizers are arranged in the light path of the eyepieces and a birefringence plate is arranged between the lens and the object, the single illumination beam path being polarized alternately differently .

A similar arrangement is described in WO 94/02872. Again, two light sources and two Illumination beam paths used.

This also applies to a surgical microscope according to DD-A52 90 278 to, with two diametrically opposite each other Lighting systems inclined to the optical axis are provided and the image observed with the right eyepiece is the first Lighting system and that observed with the left eyepiece Image is assigned to the second lighting system.

The invention is based on the object stereoscopic observation of microscopic images with high Resolution in normal transmitted and reflected light microscopes, especially in single-channel microscopic systems, with little additional effort and space on the Realize property side.

The task is accomplished by a method and an arrangement according to solved the features of the independent claims. Preferred developments are the subject of the dependent Expectations.  

Stereoscopic observation of microscopic images with high resolution is done by in or approximately in the Aperture diaphragm plane of the illumination beam path (or the Image of the entrance pupil of the lens) a light modulator is used, which is the focus of the Illuminating beam in cycles in two positions moves the object with the maximum possible aperture illuminated with the angle required for stereo viewing will, and continue to alternate the means of presentation two images of the stereoscopic pair of images on one Image display device are provided, the clocking the image display device in synchronism with the clocking of the Light modulator takes place and the repetition frequency one enables flicker-free image impression.

In an arrangement as a light modulator, a Liquid crystal cell can be used.

It is advantageous to use a liquid crystal cell that exploits ferroelectric effect.

Another advantageous light modulator put two close grids arranged one above the other with a division ratio 1: 1. The grid pattern is designed so that when used in the aperture diaphragm and movement one of the two grids versus the other one of the two Aperture diaphragm halves alternately opened and closed light, or when used in the binocular tube alternately in one or the other exit of one Binocular tube can occur. The lattice constant becomes like this voted that the 1st diffraction order the desired Object information does not bother.

The light output of this arrangement is not due to the required polarizing films for the Liquid crystal modulation higher than that of the previously described Variants.

Other advantages and the mode of operation of the invention will be below with reference to the schematic drawings explained.  

Show it:

FIG. 1a is a microscopic arrangement according to the invention with transmitted light illumination,

FIG. 1b is a microscopic arrangement according to the invention with incident light,

Fig. 2, produced by an inventive arrangement of lighting conditions in the plane of the aperture diaphragm of the microscope,

Fig. 3 shows the formation of a liquid crystal cell for implementing the invention,

Fig. 4 shows the configuration of another liquid crystal cell with different ranges for different lenses,

Figure 5 a, b., C an arrangement for generating the partial beams of light with two gratings,

Fig. 6 shows the allocation of the beam paths in a binocular,

Fig. 7 a disposed in the binocular tube rotating disk for image separation,

Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment with a rotating disc,

Fig. 9 shows an embodiment with a rotating double glazing,

Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of LCD cells front of the eyepiece,

Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the illumination with two light sources,

Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the illumination with two light sources,

Fig. 13-15 further advantageous arrangements for assigning the partial beam paths to the observer eyes.

A microscope according to the invention with transmitted light illumination shows

Fig. 1a. As usual, it is composed of a light source, collector, condenser 1 and objective 2 , not shown here. The objective 2 images an image of the object 3 via the tube lens and imaging optics 4 onto a video camera 5 . By the light modulator 6 according to the invention in the plane of the aperture diaphragm (or the image of the entrance pupil of the lens), the center of gravity of the illuminating beam is shifted in two positions in such a way that the beams 7 and 8 arise and thus the object with the angle required for stereo viewing with one Illuminates the highest possible aperture without unnecessarily limiting the observation aperture.

A clock generator 11 controls the light modulator 6 and a video camera 5 so that in each case one of the two images of a stereoscopic image pair is recorded. The three-dimensional image is displayed on an electronic screen 9 , which is clocked by the video camera 5 to display the two images as fields of television technology. The screen is viewed with shutter glasses 10 . A transmitter 12 (eg an LED) on the screen sends light signals, controlled by the clock generator 11 , which are received by a sensor 13 on the shutter glasses. The sensor 13 controls the switching of the openings of the shutter glasses, so that each eye sees an image of the stereoscopic image pair in time with the light modulator, the repetition frequency allowing a flicker-free image impression.

Instead of the shutter glasses, the observer can also wear polarization glasses if an electronic screen is used that has a switchable polarization filter that is triggered by the clock generator 11 when the stereoscopic fields are changed.

In principle, it can also be used without a video camera and monitor be observed three-dimensionally by the observer is equipped with shutter glasses, but with one Eyepiece of a binocular tube looks. The clock generator must then synchronize the light modulator and the shutter glasses.

Furthermore, in a manner known per se, before each eye of the Observer be arranged a separate screen, the Screens using the clock generator for light modulation clocked synchronously.

FIG. 1b shows a microscopic arrangement of the invention in epi-illumination. The illumination optics 1 illuminate the object 3 via a beam splitter 14 , the beams 7 and 8 reaching the object at the angle required for stereo viewing.

Fig. 2 shows the light conditions in the plane of the aperture stop (or the image of the entrance pupil of the objective) producing the light modulator according to the invention. 21 represents the entire entrance pupil of the lens. In one cycle, the surface 22 of the entrance pupil becomes translucent due to the illumination beam and in the following cycle the surface 23 of the entrance pupil. The focal points of the respective bundles can be adjusted within the lighting aperture in such a way that the object is illuminated with the angle required for stereo viewing. As a result of the circular triangles that go beyond half diaphragms, the illumination aperture is used as optimally as possible and the observation aperture remains unrestricted, so that a high microscopic resolution is achieved.

Fig. 3 shows the electrode configuration of a light modulator according to the invention on the basis of a liquid crystal cell. The light bundle 22 is realized by a suitable voltage on the transparent electrodes 31 and 33 , in the next cycle this voltage is applied to the electrodes 31 and 32 and thus the light bundle 23 is realized. The use of liquid crystal cells also requires the use of a polarizer before and an analyzer after the liquid crystal cell, which are not shown in FIG. 1.

For objects where the azimuth dependence of the polarized A plate with the polarization-optical path difference λ / 4 after the analyzer be used in the illumination beam path.

In order to achieve stereoscopic viewing with high resolution with lenses of different apertures, the electrode structure of the liquid crystal cell can be modified in such a way that an optimal relationship between resolution and stereoscopic effect is achieved for the respective lens. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment for two lenses with different magnifications by a factor of 2, with a first, stronger lens, the surfaces f3 and f4 for right and left and always f6, a weaker lens, the surfaces f1 + f3 and f2 + f4 for right and left and always assigned f5 + f6.

The use of a nosepiece is advantageous here with coding so that when switching the lens also the corresponding electrode configuration of the light modulator is selected.

In order to achieve a flicker-free picture, the use of ferroelectric liquid crystal switches and the presentation of the two pictures on the monitor as fields (e.g. picture left: 2n. Lines; picture right: (2n-1) · lines) is advantageous . A relatively simple possibility for modulating the entrance pupil is offered by the use of a modulator 6 consisting of two grids, which are arranged close to one another and divided in a ratio of 1: 1.

This arrangement is shown schematically in FIG . The lattice lines 54 of the lattice 51 and the counter lattice 52 are oriented from top to bottom and one of the two lattices, here 51 , is moved with an actuator 53 by ½ lattice constant to the right and left relative to the other. The drive is expediently designed in such a way that acceleration forces directed against one another occur in order to avoid vibrations and thus "smearing" of the stereo effect.

In the simplest case, in one of the two grids, the grating lines 54 in one pupil half are offset by ½ grating constant with respect to the other. The lattice movement alternately covers one of the two pupil halves, as shown in FIGS. 5b and 5c, while the other is transparent.

Patterns according to FIG. 3 are also possible. The image is displayed in the same way as for the aforementioned variants.

This principle can also be used in modified form in binocular tubes for direct stereoscopic observation. Such a basic arrangement is shown in FIG. 6. The grating constant of grating 61 and counter-grating 62 must be chosen so that the diffraction images generated by these gratings do not interfere with the desired image.

A dimensioning that is useful for practical application is a lattice constant of approx. 3 µm with a field of view diameter of approx. 23 mm and optical tube lengths around 160 mm.

The actuator 63 moves the grating by ½ grating constant. The tube openings 64, 65 are covered over the entire area and are alternately released synchronously with the modulation of the entrance pupil. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 6.

The invention is not only illustrated Embodiments bound. In particular, can be used to generate the offset partial beams at least one in the plane of Aperture aperture arranged rotating aperture can be provided where an assignment of Partial beams of lighting to the eyes of the Observer with the means outlined above.

When looking at objects where there is a change the lighting and viewing level makes sense and is advantageous, for example in the case of operating fields a surgical microscope or colposcopes can be used for rotating the openings which release the partial beams and the camera can be provided around the optical axis, for example, on the video image being viewed, the orientation of the viewed image is adjusted accordingly.

To reduce light loss through the polarizer analyzer Combination of an LCD cell as a viewing shutter too can reduce rotating discs as shutters in the binocular tube can be used.

Various advantageous variants are possible. So can the lighting shutter has a rotating disc alternating transparent and opaque areas his.

Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 7. A pupil modulator 701 according to the invention and described for example in FIGS. 1-3 is followed by a condenser 702 and an object 703 in the transmitted light beam path of a light source, not shown here.

The object 703 , which is alternately irradiated from different directions, is imaged via an objective 704 and a tube lens 705 in the direction of a binocular tube, not shown, of a microscope.

This contains a beam splitter 706 , which is followed by a rotating disk 709 , which has a light transmission opening 712 , but is otherwise designed to be opaque.

The eyepieces 710 of the microscope are arranged after a deflecting prism 707 or a compensating glass 708 .

A control and synchronization unit 711 brings about the synchronization of the beam path switching in the pupil modulator 701 with the rotation of the disk 709 , so that the different illumination directions are presented to the eye in the correct direction by means of the light transmission opening, which only releases one eyepiece at a time.

FIG. 8 shows a disk with transparent and reflective areas for assigning the partial beams to the eyepieces . The disk can carry these areas in different configurations.

Furthermore, for synchronization in the arrangements according to FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 12 analogous to FIG. 11, there can be markers, via which the trigger signal for the synchronous switching of the viewing shutter is obtained by a combination of photodiodes and photodetectors.

A rotating disk 801, which is connected to a control and synchronization unit 803 and is arranged obliquely in the beam path coming from a tube lens (not shown here), is designed to be reflective on its side opposite a light transmission opening 802 to the axis of rotation, so that when it rotates the light alternately two deflection prisms 804 , 805 and further assigned to the eyepieces not shown here.

In FIG. 9, a rotating double disk 901 with parallel, opposite transparent and opaque areas 902 , 903 is provided , which is connected to a control and synchronization unit 907 .

Via a beam splitter 904 , the light coming from the tube lens, not shown, reaches a first beam deflecting prism 905 in the illustrated position of the double disc 901 , as well as a second beam deflecting prism 906 in a position of the double disc offset by 180 degrees, and is thus alternated and with the Change of lighting synchronized to the eyepieces.

As shown in FIG. 10, an LCD cell can also be used as an observation shutter for each eye in the binocular tube.

If the lighting shutter is also an LCD cell, so each LCD cell requires a polarizer analyzer Combination. These four polar values for each ray path result but relatively high light losses. Have the optical elements between lighting shutter and viewing shutter favorable polarization-optical properties, d. H. are the effects optics for linearly polarized light in the beam path for left and right eye about the same because of small phase jumps occur and the optics used largely free of tension the analyzer of the lighting shutter can at the same time act as a polarizer for the viewing shutter and thus one polar is eliminated.

In Fig. 10 are illustrated in detail:
A polarizer / analyzer arrangement 1010 , in which an LCD cell 1011 is arranged in the light path as a pupil modulator according to the invention, to which a condenser 1012 and the object 1013 are arranged.

As already described several times, an objective 1014 and a tube lens 1015 are arranged downstream of the object.

A beam splitter 1016 arranged in the binocular tube of a microscope, not shown, as well as a deflecting prism 1017 and a compensating glass 1018 generate the beam paths in the eyepieces 1020 .

Downstream of the eyepieces 1020 are an LCD cell 1019, which alternately releases the right and left beam paths, and analyzers 1021 .

The activation and release of the beam paths in the LCD cell 1011 and the LCD cell and thus the assignment of the different illumination angles to the eyes of the viewer are carried out via a control and synchronization unit 1022 .

In order to reduce the light losses through the polarizer-analyzer combination of an LCD cell as a lighting shutter, in a further embodiment of the invention, which is shown in FIG. 11, two light sources can be used, the light of which according to the invention enters the plane of the entrance pupil of the lens or be mapped to this conjugate level.

For this purpose, almost all of the light from each light source is directed onto the circular entry of an optical fiber bundle shown. Each optical fiber bundle is a cross-sectional converter formed so that each light exit surface is semicircular is. The exit surfaces become a full circle composed and form the level of the entrance pupil (Aperture diaphragm level) or a conjugate level. Before the Everyone will enter the optical fiber bundle Light beam switched by a rotating shutter that e.g. B. can be designed as a semi-circular sector. At the same time carries the rotating shutter identification marks, through which a Photodiode-photoreceiver combination the trigger signal for the synchronous circuit of the viewing shutter is obtained. Because the rotating shutter can be assigned to the cold light source mechanical separation from the microscope stand takes place, so that there are no mechanical vibrations of the rotor the microscope stand act.  

In Fig. 11, provided with reflectors 1101 light sources 1102 are provided in detail, the above imaging optics 1103 1104, a rotating disk 1105 which has as previously described and seen in the below plan view, a semi-circular light aperture 1111 and is designed to be opaque, however, and thereby the light alternately falls on the light entry surfaces of two light guide bundles 1107 .

The light guide exit bundles, which are each semicircular in accordance with the representation of the aperture diaphragm plane 1108 , produce the image 1109 shown, alternately bright or dark on the right and left, in the plane of the aperture diaphragm. At the same time, the disk 1105 carries measuring marks 1112 , which are designed as small openings and thereby generate a synchronization signal for a control and synchronization unit 1106 by means of a photodiode-photoreceiver combination (not shown).

In order to reduce the light losses through the polarizer-analyzer combination of an LCD cell as an illumination shutter , two light sources can advantageously be imaged onto the cathets of a mirrored prism as shown in FIG. The tip of the prism is either the plane of the entrance pupil (aperture diaphragm plane) or an additional lens combination is used to image it into the entrance pupil of the microscope. A rotating double disc as a shutter forms the lighting shutter. The rotating double disc also bears marks through which the trigger signal for the synchronous switching of the viewing shutter is obtained by a combination of photodiodes and photoreceivers. In FIG. 12, light optics 1201 , 1202 are arranged downstream of imaging optics 1203 , 1204 . A rotating double diaphragm 1205 has light passage openings 1206 offset by 180 degrees and is otherwise opaque, so that in each case only the light from a light source reaches the mirrored side surface of a prism 1208 , is reflected by the prism and passes through an illumination optics 1209 into an object plane 1210 , whereby the object is illuminated in succession at different angles.

A control and synchronization unit synchronizes the movement of the double disk 1205 with suitable means for image separation in the observation plane described in the previous figures.

In Fig. 13 is a lens O, which is interspersed by two stereo beam paths generated by alternately illuminating the object, which, for example, as explained above, are generated by alternating release of diaphragms in the plane of the entrance pupil of the lens of a transmitted light microscope Tube lens L1 and a mirror S arranged downstream.

They are so-called "digital micromirror devices" (DMD) known, which consist of a variety of micromirrors, whose angular position is changed electrostatically.

The structure and operation of such arrangements is on publications in EP 664470 A2, EP 656554 A2, EP 601309 A1, US 5382961, US 5444566, and US 5285196. Such arrangements can also be unexpectedly advantageous for the generation of stereoscopic images in the microscope be used.

To do this, the DMD chip is either not orthogonal or placed orthogonally (vertically) in an intermediate image, which in its size over the focal length of the tube lens is, or in the parallel beam path between the lens and Tube lens brought.

The intermediate image on the DMD chip is over a suitable Optics mapped into the intermediate eyepiece image or in parallel The intermediate path of the eyepiece is made by a suitable beam path Optics created after the DMD chip. Between the two pictures Prismatic or mirror deflections provided for a upright, right-sided image in the form of the respective user provide the required pupil distance.  

Pupil control and DMD circuit are synchronized, so that the left and right eye of the beholder each Image of the stereoscopic pair of images are offered.

The variants described below are for opening and closing Transmitted light microscope stands as well as for Inverse microscopes and for use in endoscopy.

A is created on a digital mirror device arrangement (DMD) Intermediate image of the object under consideration, which by electrostatic control of the micromirrors alternately in a left and right optical system S1 and S2 is reflected, each from a prismatic body P1 or P2, lenses L2 or L3 as well as on the viewer's eyes deflecting double prisms D1 or D2.

The DMD chip is at an angle not equal to 90 degrees both to the lens axis A1 and to the element S through Deflection generated axis A2.

By means of a control unit AS, both the DMD arrangement as well as the aperture arrangement, not shown, in the Entry pupil of the lens synchronous with a frequency controlled above the flicker frequency of the eye.

In Fig. 14, the DMD element is perpendicular to the lens axis A in the intermediate image of the tube lens L1 positioned and directs alternatingly the path of rays at symmetrically arranged to the axis A deflecting mirror Sp3, Sp4, where lenses L6, L7 and prisms P3, P4 to deflect in the direction of Eyepieces and for generating the intermediate eyepiece image are subordinate.

A can also be between the tube lens L1 and the DMD arrangement provided further deflection element, not shown here his.

A control unit AS acting as in FIG. 7 is also provided here.

In Fig. 15, the DMD element is arranged directly after the objective O in the parallel beam path and alternately generates a beam path through tube lenses L4, L5, to which deflection mirrors Sp1 and Sp2 and prisms P3, P4 are arranged.

The intermediate eyepiece image is created after the prisms P3, P4 and is viewed using eyepiece optics, not shown.

A control unit AS is again provided.

Sufficient swivel angles can be achieved by means of the DMD arrangement can be realized to the required angle difference here produce.

An arrangement analogous to FIGS. 13-15 can advantageously also be used using a galvanometer mirror which deflects the entire beam path instead of the DMD arrangement.

With the switching off of the first deflecting mirror S in Fig. 13 and the DMD chip in Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 is possible unhindered beam path to a TV camera and an alternative monitor viewing, a stereo observation in synchronization of pupil illumination, camera, and Image playback enabled.

Claims (40)

1. Method for generating the stereoscopic image of an object, in a first step
a first partial beam is generated from an illumination beam illuminating the object, which illuminates the object at a first angle and a first image of the object is presented to an observer eye and in a second step
by fading out at least one second partial beam, which illuminates the object at a second angle and a second image of the object is presented to the other observer eye
and the first and second steps are repeated alternately at a frequency above the flicker frequency of the human eye. 2. Arrangement for stereoscopic viewing of one over a Lighting optics of illuminated object, means for alternately generating at least two Illumination beam sub-bundles are provided that the object about the lighting optics at different angles illuminate and means of assigning the resulting images of the object alternately to the right and left eye of the Viewer, with a frequency above the flicker frequency of the human eye. 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the Sub-bundles form an angle to each other, which is approximately corresponds to the viewer's stereo viewing angle.   4. Arrangement according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized characterized in that in a microscopic arrangement Light source, lighting optics and at least one the object imaging lens the means for alternate generation of the Illumination beam part bundle approximately in the plane of the Aperture diaphragm of the microscope or one of these optically conjugate plane are arranged. 5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the Means for alternate generation of Illumination beam part bundle approximately in the plane of the Entry pupil of the microscope lens are arranged. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-5, characterized in that about the light source and the lighting optics Transmitted light illumination in the direction of the imaging lens a microscope is provided. 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-5, characterized in that a reflected light illumination of the Object is provided, which is partially permeable Mirror in the observation beam path of a microscope is shown. 8. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-7, characterized by partial lighting bundles with over half each going beyond the optically effective lighting surface Cross-section.   9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1-8, characterized characterized in that the illuminating beam sub-bundle by Hiding sub-bundles from a common one Illumination beam arise. 10. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-9, characterized in that for alternate generation of Illumination beam sub-bundle at least one Liquid crystal cell is provided, which is electrical controllable sub-areas, which alternately be switched translucent. 11. The arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that for Adaptation to different imaging lenses different electrically controllable sections of the Liquid crystal cell are provided. 12. Arrangement according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that in the beam path of the liquid crystal cell downstream a plate with the polarization optical Path difference λ / 4 is arranged. 13. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-9, characterized in that for the alternate generation of the sub-bundles of Illumination beam in the illumination beam path one after the other at least two movable ones Dashed grids are arranged, the grids so to each other are offset that alternately in a shift different sections of the grid arrangement are translucent.   14. Arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that on the grids of at least one first grating Partial area by half a lattice constant against the Grid lines of a second partial area are offset and a shift of the first against a second grating half a lattice constant occurs. 15. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-9, characterized in that for the alternate generation of the sub-bundles of Illumination beam in the illumination beam path at least one rotating screen with at least one opening is provided, which alternately releases one of the sub-bundles. 16. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-15, wherein a transmission optics for generating the image of a Light source arrangement in the plane of the aperture or one is provided for this optically conjugate plane. 17. The arrangement according to claim 16, wherein the transmission optics Light guides exist. 18. Arrangement according to one of claim 16, wherein the transmission optics consist of a mirrored prism, which is arranged in the illumination beam path and the Reflected light source arrangement in the beam path.   19. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-18, characterized characterized that to assign the resulting images of the object alternately to the right and left eye of the Provided a video camera recording the object is, which is subordinate to at least one screen on which in the The alternating lighting cycles the images of the object arise. 20. Arrangement according to claim 19, characterized by arrangement of the Video camera in the beam path of a microscope after Imaging lens. 21. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-20, characterized characterized in that preferably one for consideration Glasses for the viewer are provided which in time with the alternate lighting of the object assigns a picture to an eye. 22. The arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that the Glasses shutter glasses with switchable openings for right and left eye is. 23. The arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that the Glasses are polarized glasses and in front of the screen at least one in time with the alternate lighting switchable polarization filter is arranged. 24. Arrangement according to one of claims 19-23, characterized characterized that a separate screen in front of each eye is provided and the screens in time with the alternate Illumination the pictures of the object are assigned.   25. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-24, characterized characterized that to assign the resulting images of the object alternately to the right and left eye of the In the binocular tube of a microscope Tube openings in time with alternating lighting an image of the object is assigned. 26. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-25, characterized characterized that the binocular tube a shutter glasses assigned. 27. The arrangement according to claim 25, characterized in that in Binocular tube at least two movable to each other Dashed grids are arranged, the grids so to each other are offset that alternately in a shift different sections of the grid arrangement are translucent, each with a tube opening release. 28. The arrangement according to claim 27, characterized in that in Binocular tube a beam splitter for splitting into Beam paths for the right and left eye is provided the grids are subordinate. 29. Arrangement according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the grid lines on at least a first grating of a partial area by half a lattice constant against the Grid lines of a second partial area are offset and a shift of the first against a second grating half a lattice constant occurs.   30. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-25, characterized characterized in that the by the sub-bundle of Illumination beam bundle spanned plane around the optical Axis is rotatable. 31. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-30, characterized characterized in that the alternate generation of the sub-bundle of the observation beam path in the observation beam path at least one rotating screen with at least one opening is provided, which alternately releases one of the sub-bundles. 32. Arrangement for viewing stereoscopic images, in particular according to one of claims 2-25, characterized in that between a lens and a binocular tube Tilting mirror arrangement is provided which is the stereoscopic Partial beam paths alternate between one and the other Assigns viewer eye. 33. Arrangement according to claim 32, wherein the stereoscopic images via a microscopic system through rapid alternation Suppression of partial beams of the Illuminating beams are generated with one for Hiding synchronous assignment of stereoscopic Single images of the viewer's eye in the Binocular tube using a tilting mirror arrangement. 34. Arrangement according to claim 32 or 33, characterized by Use of a galvanometer mirror for quick assignment of the stereoscopic single images.   35. Arrangement according to claim 32 or 33, characterized by the Arrangement of a digitally switchable micromirror arrangement (DMD) in the imaging beam path between the lens and tube unit. 36. Arrangement according to one of claims 32-35, wherein the Mirror arrangement in an intermediate image of the Imaging beam path is positioned and not orthogonal is arranged to the optical axis. 37. Arrangement according to one of claims 32-35, wherein the Mirror arrangement in an intermediate image of the Imaging beam path is positioned and orthogonal to optical axis is arranged. 38. Arrangement according to one of claims 32-37, wherein the Mirror arrangement in the parallel part of the Imaging beam path is positioned. 39. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-38, characterized through use in endoscopy. 40. Arrangement according to one of claims 2-38, characterized through their application to surgical microscopes.