DE19521621A1 - Unit cleaning emissions from internal combustion engines during cold starting - Google Patents

Unit cleaning emissions from internal combustion engines during cold starting

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Publication number
DE19521621A1
DE19521621A1 DE19521621A DE19521621A DE19521621A1 DE 19521621 A1 DE19521621 A1 DE 19521621A1 DE 19521621 A DE19521621 A DE 19521621A DE 19521621 A DE19521621 A DE 19521621A DE 19521621 A1 DE19521621 A1 DE 19521621A1
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porous
internal combustion
combustion engines
metal grid
gas adsorption
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DE19521621A
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German (de)
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Alvaro Prof Dr Affonso
Karin Affonso
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19521621A priority Critical patent/DE19521621A1/en
Priority to DE19651743A priority patent/DE19651743A1/en
Publication of DE19521621A1 publication Critical patent/DE19521621A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2832—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support granular, e.g. pellets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/40—Mixed oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

The unit cleans emissions from internal combustion engines equipped with three-way catalyst systems, during cold-starting. The novel system passes the exhaust stream through a metal grid, a porous metallic catalyst granule layer and a porous gas adsorption layer. Pref. the discharged stream is led through further sections of the device, or to the external air, using a reversible fan and T- connection. The metal grid consists of stainless steel wires or alloys. By adding two electrodes of the same material, and connecting to electrical current, high temps. can be achieved in a few seconds.

Description

Bei der Verbrennung von Treibstoffen bilden sich in Ottomotoren die Hauptschadstoffe Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Stickstoffoxid (NOx) und Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC), wobei letztere eine Vielzahl organischer Verbindungen darstellen und zu einer Gruppe zusammengefaßt werden. Benzin als Treibstoff wurde jahrelang ausschließlich mit Bleitetraethyl als "Anti-knock" gemischt. In Motorabgasen ist Blei ebenfalls nachweisbar. Die zunehmende Fahrzeugdichte, besonders in den Industrienationen, hat zu einer fast unerträglichen Verschmutzung der Luft geführt. Intensive Forschungsarbeiten wurden unternommen und es wurde festgestellt, daß bleifreies Super Benzin eine fast vollständige Reinigung der Abgase durch Verwendung von Edelmetallkatalysatoren ermöglicht. Es entstand dann das moderne Dreiweg-Ka­ talysatorsystem mit elektronisch geregelten Lambda Sonden. Durch Regulierung der Luftmenge ist es möglich, Kohlenstoffe und Stickstoffoxide fast vollständig zu zersetzen.When petrol is burned, petrol engines form Main pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Hydrocarbons (HC), the latter a variety of organic Represent connections and be grouped together. petrol For years, the only fuel used was lead tetraethyl as an "anti-knock" mixed. Lead is also detectable in engine exhaust. The increasing Vehicle density, especially in the industrialized nations, has almost become a unbearable air pollution. Intensive research were undertaken and it was found that unleaded super gasoline an almost complete cleaning of the exhaust gases by using Precious metal catalysts enabled. Then the modern three-way Ka was created analyzer system with electronically controlled lambda probes. By Regulating the amount of air makes it possible to almost carbon and nitrogen oxides completely decompose.

Allerdings, die Katalysatortemperatur muß über ca. 300 Grad Celsius liegen, bevor die katalytische Wirkung eintritt. Wabenstrukturen und verschiedene Edelmetallegierungen wurden optimiert, damit die Abgasgrenzwerte in verschiedenen Ländern eingehalten werden konnten. Diese Grenzwerte sind in den U.S.A. strenger als in Europa, aber es wird nicht lange dauern, bis entweder ein Nullemissionsfahrzeugmotor oder eine voll steuerbare Katalysatorvorrichtung verlangt wird. Deswegen sind viele große Automobilfirmen an der Abgasforschung interessiert. Kurz gefaßt, der heutige Stand der Entwicklung bietet ein sehr wirksames abgaskatalytisches Reinigungssystem, welches aber erst wenige Minuten nach einem Kaltstart funktioniert. Jedem ist bewußt, daß der Treibstoffgestank in Parkhäusern durch Kaltstarten von abgestellten Autos entsteht. Im Bericht Passenger Cars 2000, veröffentlicht durch FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY BERLIN im April 1995, werden die Kaltstart-Systeme der größten deutschen Automobilhersteller vorgestellt. Es gibt, grob gesagt, zwei Wege die Abgase eines Autos während der Kaltstartperiode zu reinigen:However, the catalyst temperature must be above approx. 300 degrees Celsius, before the catalytic effect occurs. Honeycomb structures and various Precious metal alloys have been optimized so that the exhaust gas limit values in different countries could be observed. These limits are in the U.S.A. stricter than Europe, but it won't be long before either a zero emission vehicle engine or a fully controllable one Catalyst device is required. That's why many are big Car companies interested in exhaust gas research. In short, today's The state of development offers a very effective exhaust gas analysis Cleaning system, which only takes a few minutes after a cold start works. Everyone is aware that the smell of fuel in parking garages Cold starting of parked cars arises. In the Passenger Cars 2000 report,  published by FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY BERLIN in April 1995, the cold start systems of the largest German automobile manufacturers presented. There are, roughly speaking, two ways in which a car's exhaust fumes to clean the cold start period:

  • a) Verwendung eines vorgeheizten kleineren Vorkatalysators, welcher vor den großen Dreiweg-Katalysator im Kaskadensystem angeschlossen ist. Durch Vorheizung des Vorkatalysators auf die geeignete Zersetzungstemperatur, werden die Abgase gereinigt, bis der große Katalysator anfängt zu funktionieren.a) Use of a preheated smaller pre-catalyst, which before the large three-way catalyst is connected in the cascade system. By Preheating the pre-catalyst to the appropriate decomposition temperature, the exhaust gases are cleaned until the large catalyst starts to function.
  • b) Verwendung von Adsorptionsmitteln wie Aktivkohle, damit die Abgase während des Kaltstarts gereinigt werden.
    Ein Nachteil von System a) ist, daß obwohl der Vorkatalysator schnell funktionsfähig ist, er immer (auch ohne Heizung) am großen Katalysator angeschlossen bleibt, so daß er durch die hohen Temperaturen und Giftspuren inaktiviert werden kann. Ein anderer Nachteil ist, daß der Vorkatalysator aus stromleitenden Wabenkeramikmonolithen mit einer Flammenheizung oder aus Waben aus einer Edelmetallegierung bestehen muß. Es ist außerdem erforderlich, daß der Kontaktweg ausreichend sein muß. Der Bedarf an Heizungsenergie ist dadurch zu groß.
    Die Nachteile vom sonst sehr wirksamen System b) liegen an der Kapazität von Aktivkohle, ihrer Re-aktivierung und Kondensation von Wasserdampf. Beide Systeme verursachen Gegendruck und beeinflussen den Motorlauf.    b) Use of adsorbents such as activated carbon, so that the exhaust gases are cleaned during the cold start.
    A disadvantage of system a) is that although the pre-catalytic converter can function quickly, it always remains connected to the large catalytic converter (even without heating), so that it can be inactivated by the high temperatures and traces of poison. Another disadvantage is that the pre-catalyst must consist of current-conducting honeycomb ceramic monoliths with a flame heater or honeycombs made of a precious metal alloy. It is also required that the contact path be sufficient. This means that the heating energy requirement is too great.
    The disadvantages of the otherwise very effective system b) are the capacity of activated carbon, its reactivation and the condensation of water vapor. Both systems create back pressure and affect engine operation.

Unsere Überlegung war, an erster Stelle zu prüfen, ob es möglich wäre, den gesamten Kaltstartabgasstrahl während der ersten drei Minuten, ohne Gegendruck für den Motor, umzuleiten. In vorliegender Erfindung wurde dies durch Einbringung von einem Stahlrohr T-Stück am Auspuffrohr eines Autos mit üblichen Dreiweg-Katalysator gelöst. Ein Arm des T-Stück wurde an einen starken Ventilator angeschlossen. Der andere Arm des T-Stücks war frei. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die einfache Vorrichtung (Anspruch 2) einen getrennten, effektiven katalytischen Reinigungsvorgang ermöglicht. Für diesen Zweck wurde eine Spezialpatrone verwendet (Anspruch 1). Diese Patrone hat am Eingang ein aus Platin oder anderen Edelmetalldrähten bestehendes Gitter mit zwei Elektroden, die an der Autobatterie angeschlossen werden können. Mit wenig Strom war es möglich, ein 100 cm² Gitter sofort rotglühen zu lassen. Wenn der Abgasstrahl dieses Gitter trifft, ist es einfach sich vorzustellen, daß der klassische katalytische Oxidationsvorgang (ausführlich von Sabatier untersucht) stattfindet und die Temperatur weiter steigt. Wenn das Gitter sich im engen Kontakt mit einer ein paar Zentimeter dicken Schicht aus porösem Granulat aus feuerfestem Material, in welchem in den groben Poren feines Pulver aus üblichen Edelmetallkatalysatoren aufgetragen auf Aluminiumoxid, eingebracht ist, wird das Granulat in einer Kettenreaktion schnell bis zu über 400 Grad Celsius erhitzt und es findet eine weitere katalytische Oxidation statt. Es ist einfach sich vorzustellen, daß Kohlenwasserstoffe kaum die Chance haben diese Barriere zu überwinden. Als weitere Sicherheit wurde eine zentimeterdicke Spezialadsorbensschicht aus dem obengenannten porösen feuerfestem Material, in dessen groben Poren sehr feingemahlener aktiver Kohlenstoff eingebracht ist, eingebaut. Der aus dem T-Stück austretende Abgasstrom ist fast frei von jeder Verunreinigung und die gesamte Vorrichtung wird durch Abschalten des Ventilators automatisch nach ca. 3 Minuten abgestellt. Nach dieser Periode ist der Dreiweg-Katalysator des Autos voll funktionsfähig. Ohne einen Regenerationsvorgang der kleinen Aktivkohleschicht, wäre die Vorrichtung nicht effektiv für weitere Kaltstarts. Diese Regeneration wurde folgendermaßen durchgeführt: Die jetzt heißen Abgase, welche durch das T-Stück aus dem Auspuffrohr strömen, können in die Vorrichtung durch Umpolen des Ventilators umgeleitet werden. Dadurch wird das Adsorptionsgranulat erhitzt und die desorbierten Gifte treffen auf das Katalysatorgranulat und das heiße Metallgitter. Dadurch wird eine sichere und vollständige Regeneration erreicht. In vorliegender Erfindung können alle Nachteile der Systeme a) und b) überwunden werden. Die Vorrichtung ist sehr wirtschaftlich, paßt zu jedem Automodell und kann ohne große Mühe durch Modulbauweise ausgewechselt werden. Da die Vorrichtung nur für wenige Minuten eingesetzt und bis zum nächsten Kaltstart nicht weiter erhitzt wird, ist eine sehr lange Lebensdauer zu erwarten.Our first thought was to check whether it would be possible to total cold start exhaust jet during the first three minutes without Back pressure for the engine to divert. In the present invention, this has been done by inserting a steel pipe T-piece on the exhaust pipe of a car usual three-way catalyst solved. One arm of the tee was attached to one strong fan connected. The other arm of the tee was free. It it has been found that the simple device (claim 2) has a separate, effective catalytic cleaning process. For this purpose uses a special cartridge (claim 1). This cartridge has at the entrance a grid made of platinum or other precious metal wires with two Electrodes that can be connected to the car battery. With little Electricity made it possible to immediately make a 100 cm² grid glow red. If the Exhaust jet hits this grille, it is easy to imagine that the classic catalytic oxidation process (extensively examined by Sabatier)  takes place and the temperature continues to rise. If the grid is tight Contact with a layer of porous granules a few centimeters thick refractory material, in which fine powder in the coarse pores usual precious metal catalysts applied to alumina, introduced in a chain reaction, the granules quickly rise to over 400 degrees Celsius heated and another catalytic oxidation takes place. It is just imagine that hydrocarbons have little chance to overcome this barrier. As a further security, a centimeter thick special adsorbent layer made of the above porous refractory material, in the coarse pores of very finely ground active Carbon is incorporated. The one emerging from the T-piece Exhaust gas flow is almost free of any pollution and the entire device is switched off automatically after approx. 3 minutes by switching off the fan switched off. After this period, the car's three-way catalytic converter is full functioning. Without a regeneration process the little one Activated carbon layer, the device would not be effective for further cold starts. This regeneration was carried out as follows: These are now called Exhaust gases that flow through the T-piece from the exhaust pipe can in the device can be redirected by reversing the polarity of the fan. This will the adsorption granules are heated and the desorbed poisons hit the Catalyst granules and the hot metal grill. This will make it safe and secure complete regeneration achieved. In the present invention, all Disadvantages of systems a) and b) are overcome. The device is very economical, fits any car model and can pass through with little effort Modular construction can be replaced. Since the device is only for a few Minutes and is not heated until the next cold start to expect a very long lifespan.

Ferner ist jede Sorte von Katalysatoren oder Adsorptionsmitteln verwendbar.Furthermore, every type of catalyst or adsorbent usable.

Claims (7)

1. Vorrichtung zum Reinigen, vorzugsweise während der Kaltstartperiode, von Emissionen aus mit Dreiweg-Katalysatoren ausgerüsteten Verbrennungsmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der austretende Emissionsstrahl durch ein Metallgitter, eine poröse Metallkatalysatorgranulatschicht und schließlich durch eine poröse Gasadsorptionsschicht geleitet wird.1. Device for cleaning, preferably during the cold start period, of emissions from internal combustion engines equipped with three-way catalysts, characterized in that the emerging emission beam is passed through a metal grid, a porous metal catalyst granulate layer and finally through a porous gas adsorption layer. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der austretende Emissionsstrahl mittels eines Absaugventilators mit wechselbarer Drehrichtung und vorzugsweise einer T-Verbindung, wahlweise entweder durch die weiteren Teile der Vorrichtung oder zu der Außenluft geleitet werden kann.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the exiting Emission jet by means of an extractor with changeable Direction of rotation and preferably a T-connection, either either through the other parts of the device or to the outside air can be. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Metallgitter aus Edelmetalldrähten oder deren Legierungen besteht, und durch Einbringen von zwei Elektroden gleichen Materials, und Anschluß an elektrischen Strom, innerhalb weniger Sekunden zu hohen Temperaturen erhitzt werden kann.3. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the Metal grid made of precious metal wires or their alloys, and by introducing two electrodes of the same material, and connecting to electrical current, to high temperatures within a few seconds can be heated. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2, und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das poröse Metallkatalysatorgranulat aus jeder porösen feuerfesten Masse, wie z. B. Schamotte, Magnesit, Ton usw. besteht, und in dessen grobe Poren feines Pulver aus Edelmetallkatalysatoren auf Aluminium Oxid oder Verbindungen des Mangan, Kupfer, Chrom oder Nickel eingebracht wird. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2, and 3, characterized in that the porous metal catalyst granules from any porous refractory mass, such as e.g. B. chamotte, magnesite, clay, etc., and in its coarse pores fine powder from precious metal catalysts on aluminum oxide or Manganese, copper, chromium or nickel compounds are introduced.   5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die poröse Gasadsorptionsschicht aus einem Granulat aus der in Anspruch 4 genannten porösen, feuerfesten Masse besteht, in deren grobe Poren feiner, aktiver Kohlenstoff oder temperaturbeständige Zeolite eingebracht sind.5. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, and 4, characterized in that the Porous gas adsorption layer made of a granulate from the one in claim 4 called porous, refractory mass, in their coarse pores fine, active carbon or temperature-resistant zeolite are. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nachdem der Dreiweg-Katalysator seine ideale Temperatur erreicht hat, durch die Änderung der Drehrichtung des unter Anspruch 2 genannten Ventilators, die Reaktivierung der in Anspruch 5 genannten Adsorptionsschicht stattfindet, da die desorbierten Gifte durch das Katalysatorgranulat und das erhitzte Metallgitter völlig oxidiert werden.6. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that after the three-way catalyst has reached its ideal temperature, by changing the direction of rotation of that mentioned in claim 2 Ventilator, the reactivation of those mentioned in claim 5 Adsorption layer takes place because the desorbed poisons by the Catalyst granules and the heated metal grid are completely oxidized. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Herstellung des Metallkatalysatorgranulat sowie des Gasadsorptionsgranulat nach Anspruch 4 und 5, kalterstarrende Doppelsalze der Erdalkalimetalle und/oder Magnesium oder Aluminium verwendet werden.7. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that for the production of the metal catalyst granules and the Gas adsorption granules according to claim 4 and 5, cold-setting Double salts of alkaline earth metals and / or magnesium or aluminum be used.
DE19521621A 1995-06-14 1995-06-14 Unit cleaning emissions from internal combustion engines during cold starting Withdrawn DE19521621A1 (en)

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DE19651743A DE19651743A1 (en) 1995-06-14 1996-12-12 Emission purifying device for internal combustion engine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1102013A3 (en) * 1999-11-20 2002-06-05 MHB Filtration GmbH & CO. KG Filtering system
US6467538B1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2002-10-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Vehicle with rapid heater warm up

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1476621B1 (en) * 1963-11-26 1970-04-23 Universal Oil Prod Co Catalytic converter muffler for internal combustion engines, especially of vehicles
DE3928760A1 (en) * 1988-09-09 1990-03-15 Toyota Motor Co Ltd EXHAUST GAS CLEANING DEVICE FOR AUTOMOBILES
US5012641A (en) * 1989-06-08 1991-05-07 Travalee Lucy M Emissions control system for use in conjunction with an ic engine primary emissions control system
DE4117364A1 (en) * 1991-05-28 1992-12-03 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Accelerating start-up IC engine exhaust gas purificn. catalyst - by catalytic oxidn. of carbon mon:oxide just before main catalyst and transferring heat to gas stream
DE4236271A1 (en) * 1991-10-28 1993-04-29 Toyota Motor Co Ltd
DE4339025A1 (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-06-16 Mannesmann Ag Catalytic purificn. of polluted air - using element with absorbent portion and catalytic combustion portion.
WO1995008702A1 (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-30 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Combined hydrocarbon trap and electrically heatable converter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1102013A3 (en) * 1999-11-20 2002-06-05 MHB Filtration GmbH & CO. KG Filtering system
US6467538B1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2002-10-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Vehicle with rapid heater warm up

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