DE19514975A1 - Method of treatment of biological waste mixed with wood - Google Patents

Method of treatment of biological waste mixed with wood

Info

Publication number
DE19514975A1
DE19514975A1 DE1995114975 DE19514975A DE19514975A1 DE 19514975 A1 DE19514975 A1 DE 19514975A1 DE 1995114975 DE1995114975 DE 1995114975 DE 19514975 A DE19514975 A DE 19514975A DE 19514975 A1 DE19514975 A1 DE 19514975A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
wood
waste
biological waste
extruder
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1995114975
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Thilo Lehmann
Georg Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LEHMANN MASCHBAU GmbH
Original Assignee
LEHMANN MASCHBAU GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LEHMANN MASCHBAU GmbH filed Critical LEHMANN MASCHBAU GmbH
Priority to DE1995114975 priority Critical patent/DE19514975A1/en
Publication of DE19514975A1 publication Critical patent/DE19514975A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04Biological compost
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Biological waste is treated along with wood or wood-like material in a screw extruder by mixing, comminution and pulping so that it can be used as a substrate with relatively short composting period. Pref. high pressures and temps. in the extruder kill off germs, viruses, weeds etc., avoiding the need for further treatment. Water content of the waste partially evaporates on emergence from the extruder, reducing the amt. of percolating water from the compost heap.

Description

Die Entsorgung der Städte und Gemeinden von Abfällen aller Art wird in steigendem Maße schwieriger. Über­ füllte Deponien und das zunehmende Problem, das biolo­ gische Abfälle auf Haus- und Gewerbemülldeponien durch Sickerwasser und Gasbildung bereiten, haben bereits zu einem Umdenken geführt und zu einer, durch Gesetze und Verordnungen erzwungene Trennung von biologischen Abfällen geführt. Die Rückführung biologischer Abfälle in den Stoffkreislauf ist insbesonders, wenn keine weitere Kontamination durch Fremdstoffe vorliegt, weitgehend unproblematisch und im wesentlichen ein Kostenfaktor, der allerdings wiederum durch Gebühren, die von den Städten und Gemeinden bzw. Entsorgungsun­ ternehmen erhoben werden, von den Abfallerzeugern zu tragen sind. Eine Akzeptanz der Gebühren wird am ehe­ sten dann erreicht, wenn die Entsorgung so kostengün­ stig wie möglich erfolgt.The disposal of cities and municipalities of waste of all kinds is becoming increasingly difficult. About filled landfills and the increasing problem, the biolo wastes on domestic and commercial landfills Leachate and gas formation have already closed led to a rethink and to one, through laws and Regulations enforced separation from biological Waste. The recycling of biological waste is particularly in the material cycle if none there is further contamination from foreign substances, largely unproblematic and essentially one Cost factor, which in turn is due to fees, by the cities and municipalities or waste disposal companies are raised by the waste producers are wearing. The fees will be accepted on Most achieved when disposal is so inexpensive done as possible.

Die zur Zeit üblichen Verfahren der Verwertung biologi­ scher Abfälle laufen folgendermaßen ab: vom Hausmüll getrennte Erfassung, Transport zur Verwertungsstelle, manuelles Auslesen von Fremdstoffen und anschließende Kompostierung, mehrmaliges Umsetzen und nach einer Rottezeit von ca. drei Monaten Abgabe zur Bodenverbes­ serung an die Land- bzw. Gartenwirtschaft usw. Dies trifft auch zu für die Kompostierung von Gülle, Klär­ schlamm, Fäkalie und ihren Mischungen. The currently usual methods of recycling biologically wastes are as follows: from household waste separate recording, transport to the recycling center, manual reading of foreign substances and subsequent Composting, repeated repositioning and after one Rotting time of about three months delivery to the soil survey Agriculture, horticulture, etc. This also applies to the composting of liquid manure, sewage mud, faeces and their mixtures.  

Durch die lange Rottezeit ist der Flächenbedarf erheb­ lich, außerdem findet eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Geruchsbelastung der Umgebung statt. Der normalerweise hohe Feuchtigkeitsgehalt biologischer Abfälle wie Küchenabfälle, Speisereste, überlagerte und verdorbene Lebensmittel, Fäkalie usw. kann dabei zu Sickerwässern führen, die wiederum aufgefangen und fachgerecht ge­ klärt werden müssen.Due to the long rotting time, the area requirement is considerable Lich, also finds a not to be neglected Odor pollution in the environment instead. Usually high moisture content of biological waste such as Kitchen waste, leftovers, overlaid and spoiled Food, faeces, etc. can cause seepage water lead, which in turn is collected and ge need to be clarified.

Probleme können ebenfalls durch phytopathogene Keime entstehen, die bei der herkömmlichen Kompostierung nur ungenügend abgetötet werden und bei der Verwertung des fertigen Kompostes Pflanzenkrankheiten weiter verbrei­ ten können. Der hohe Salzgehalt (Nitrate, Sulfate u. a.) kann Probleme bei der Nutzung und Verwertung der Kompo­ ste nachsichziehen.Problems can also be caused by phytopathogenic germs arise that only with conventional composting insufficiently killed and in the recovery of the finished compost plant diseases spread can. The high salt content (nitrates, sulfates, etc.) can have problems with the use and recovery of the compo follow up.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, bei dem biologische Abfälle so aufbereitet werden, daß sie entweder unmittelbar auf Felder als Naturdünger ausge­ bracht werden können oder nach einer kurzen Rottezeit von max. 1 Monat als hochwertiger, weitgehend keimfrei­ er Humus zu verwenden sind mit einem akzeptablen Salz­ gehalt unterhalb des Grenzwertes bzw. mineralisiert.The present invention relates to a method in biological waste is processed so that it either directly on fields as natural fertilizer can be brought or after a short rotting time by Max. 1 month as a high-quality, largely germ-free he humus are to be used with an acceptable salt content below the limit or mineralized.

Der Verfahrensablauf ist im folgenden erläutert. Die biologischen Abfälle werden angeliefert, durch ein Förderband in einen Vorratscontainer transportiert und dabei gleichzeitig manuell von Fremdstoffen wie Fla­ schen usw. ausgelesen. Aus dem Vorratscontainer werden die Abfälle einem vorzugsweise Doppelschneckenextruder zugeführt und je nach Feuchtigkeit, Zusammensetzung usw. dosiert, grob geschredderte Holzabfälle wie Bau­ holz, Baumschnitt, Rindenabfälle, Durchforstungsholz usw. zugegeben. In dem Doppelschneckenextruder wird der biologische Abfall mit den Holzabfällen intensiv ge­ mischt, geknetet, zerrieben und einem Druck bis zu 1000 bar ausgesetzt. Dabei steigt die Temperatur auf weit über 100 Grad C, so daß sämtliche Keime, Viren, Bakte­ rien, Unkrautsamen mit Sicherheit abgetötet werden. Am Austritt des Extruders findet eine schlagartige Ent­ spannung auf Normaldruck statt, wobei das im Abfall und in den Holzzellen befindliche Wasser explosionsartig verdampft und noch vorhandene Holzteile völlig zerfa­ sert. Das austretende Gemisch hat dann eine krümelige Konsistenz, ist im Volumen reduziert und kann bereits unmittelbar als Naturdünger ausgebracht werden. Um als Pflanzsubstrat bzw. Gartenerde verwendet zu werden, genügt auf Grund der Aufbereitung und des Fehlens gröberer Bestandteile eine Rottezeit von max. 1 Monat. Die Geruchsbelästigung der Umgebung ist gegenüber anderer Verfahren sehr gering, so daß eine Aufstellung der Anlage in Gewerbegebieten möglich ist.The procedure is explained below. The biological waste is delivered through a Conveyor belt transported in a storage container and while manually removing foreign substances such as fla read out etc. The storage container becomes the waste is preferably a twin-screw extruder fed and depending on moisture, composition  etc. dosed, roughly shredded wood waste such as construction wood, pruning, bark waste, thinning wood etc. admitted. In the twin screw extruder biological waste with the wood waste intensively ge mixes, kneaded, grated and a pressure up to 1000 exposed to bar. The temperature rises far over 100 degrees C, so that all germs, viruses, bacteria rien, weed seeds are sure to be killed. At the Exit of the extruder finds an abrupt Ent voltage to normal pressure instead, which in the waste and Explosive water in the wooden cells evaporated and still existing wooden parts completely sert. The emerging mixture then has a crumbly one Consistency is reduced in volume and can already are applied directly as natural fertilizer. To as Plant substrate or garden soil to be used, is sufficient due to the preparation and the lack coarser components a rotting time of max. 1 month. The smell of the environment is opposite other procedures very low, so a list the investment in commercial areas is possible.

In der Gesamtkostenbilanz wird der Maschinenaufwand durch den wesentlich geringeren Flächenbedarf für Kompostmieten und der hohen Qualität des erzeugten Produktes zu einem untergeordneten Faktor. Die Kosten­ einsparung gegenüber anderer Verfahren liegt ca. 50%.In the total cost balance, the machine expenditure due to the much smaller space requirement for Compost rents and the high quality of the produced Product to a subordinate factor. The cost saving compared to other processes is approx. 50%.

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zur kostengünstigen Verwertung biologischer Abfälle, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abfälle mit Holz oder holzartigem Material zu­ sammen in einem Schneckenextruder durch Mischen, Zerreiben und Zerfasern so aufbereitet werden, daß sie bereits nach einer relativ kurzen Rottezeit als hochwertiges Substrat verwendet werden können, wodurch Kosten für Lagerplatz und Lagerzeit einge­ spart werden können.1. A process for the cost-effective recycling of biological waste, characterized in that the waste with wood or wood-like material is processed together in a screw extruder by mixing, grinding and shredding so that it can be used as a high-quality substrate after a relatively short rotting time. whereby costs for storage space and storage time can be saved. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch die im Extruder auftretenden hohen Drücke und der damit verbundenen hohen Temperatur Keime, Viren, Unkrautsamen usw. mit Sicherheit ab­ getötet werden, so daß eine kostenaufwendige Nach­ behandlung entfallen kann.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that by the high occurring in the extruder Pressures and the associated high temperature Germs, viruses, weed seeds, etc. with certainty be killed so that an expensive after treatment can be omitted. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß der normalerweise hohe Wassergehalt biologischer Abfälle beim Austritt aus dem Extru­ der teilweise verdampft, wodurch Sickerwässer aus den Rottemieten, deren fachgerechte Entsorgung wiederum kostenaufwendig ist, vermieden werden.3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized records that the normally high water content biological waste on leaving the extrusion which partially evaporates, causing leachate from the rotting rents, their professional disposal again, is expensive to be avoided. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-3, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß durch die geringe Geruchsemission die Aufstellung der Anlage in einem Gewerbegebiet möglich ist.4. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized is characterized by the low odor emission the installation of the system in a commercial area is possible.
DE1995114975 1995-04-24 1995-04-24 Method of treatment of biological waste mixed with wood Withdrawn DE19514975A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1995114975 DE19514975A1 (en) 1995-04-24 1995-04-24 Method of treatment of biological waste mixed with wood

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1995114975 DE19514975A1 (en) 1995-04-24 1995-04-24 Method of treatment of biological waste mixed with wood

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19751034A1 (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-06-10 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Preparation of plant substrates especially using lignocellulose
DE19757028A1 (en) * 1997-12-20 1999-07-08 Preussag Ag Process for the production of a high quality peat substitute
WO2010086158A2 (en) 2009-01-28 2010-08-05 Michael Niederbacher Fermenter feed system for fermentable biomass of a biogas system and method for operating the feed system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4402692C1 (en) * 1994-01-29 1995-04-20 Heraklith Baustoffe Ag Use of lightweight building products made of wood wool
DE3707515C2 (en) * 1987-03-09 1995-04-27 Josef Willibald Process for the mechanical processing of coarse organic materials, in particular branch wood, shrubbery or similar materials, and device for carrying out the process

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3707515C2 (en) * 1987-03-09 1995-04-27 Josef Willibald Process for the mechanical processing of coarse organic materials, in particular branch wood, shrubbery or similar materials, and device for carrying out the process
DE4402692C1 (en) * 1994-01-29 1995-04-20 Heraklith Baustoffe Ag Use of lightweight building products made of wood wool

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19751034A1 (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-06-10 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Preparation of plant substrates especially using lignocellulose
DE19757028A1 (en) * 1997-12-20 1999-07-08 Preussag Ag Process for the production of a high quality peat substitute
EP0923854A3 (en) * 1997-12-20 2000-09-13 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg GmbH Process and device for making a high value peat substitute
DE19757028B4 (en) * 1997-12-20 2004-03-04 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg Gmbh Process for the production of a high quality peat substitute
WO2010086158A2 (en) 2009-01-28 2010-08-05 Michael Niederbacher Fermenter feed system for fermentable biomass of a biogas system and method for operating the feed system

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