DE1949649A1 - Noise-free static discharge device - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl. - Ing.F. Weickmann, 1949649

Dipl.-Ing. H.Weickmann, Dipl.-Phys. Dr. K. Fincke Dipl.-Ing. F. A. Weickmann, Dipl.-Chem. B. Huber

8 MUNICH 86, DEN

PO Box 860 820

MDHLSTRASSE 22, NUMBER 48 39 21/22

ΜΑ / ΕΙ

! Technology for Communications International 1625 Stierlin Road, Mountain View, California 94040 Y. St. A.

Noise-free static discharge svorri cn t-- ~ ^

The present invention relates to a static discharge system, and more particularly to a discharge system "in which the noise radiation passing through the static discharge caused are essentially completely eliminated.

The use of static discharge devices for mini-output of the noise in radio receivers, in particular in those that are transported in a vehicle, for example a plug-in kit,

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is already well known. The puncture of this Devices is to prevent the disturbing effects of noise on the receiving antenna caused by corona or static discharges at various points on the aircraft frame will. Minimizing this disruptive Effects has so far been achieved by the geometric relationships between the static Discharge device and the high frequency field of the antenna controlled · In all these known devices the corona discharge causes noise energy to be radiated, but becomes as a result of the special geographic conditions the discharge device and the antenna array determine the amount of noise energy that is coupled to the antenna is largely reduced and in this way the annoying noise effect in the receiver is minimized «,

Known devices of this type also include those disclosed in U.S. Patents 2,933,732 and 3 106 663 described static discharge devices of Applicant, In the arrangement described in US Pat. No. 2,933,732, the Effect of noise energy in the receiving system of a vehicle, e.g. a plug-in item, minimized by manipulating the high-frequency field in the receiving antenna, such that a null field zone is created and the entire static discharge process causing the noise takes place in this Mullfeldzone. As a result, there is hardly any coupling between the antenna and of the static discharge, so that theoretically no radiation from the static discharge system Noise energy reaches the antenna terminals.

In that described in U.S. Patent No. 3,106,663

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The coupling of the noise energy radiated by the static discharge device is prevented on the antenna by looking at the direction of the discharge currents at right angles to the antenna field

Those described in the aforementioned patents Devices, at the time of their development, represented a considerable advance over the devices known at the time. The dependence of their effectiveness on a fixed geometric The relation between them and the antenna field, however, as has since turned out, constitutes one considerable difficulty, since any change in the necessary and fixed relation or Orientation the decoupling effect between the noise energy and the antenna largely destroyed. There are considerable difficulties and disadvantages in the need for peaks directed at right angles to the airflow, which the fixed Meet orientation requirements. Such protruding pins can only be achieved by rigid, sharp tips be realized, which in addition to the fact that they can be damaged very easily, a hazard of maintenance personnel and other equipment. Try to mitigate this risk by Covering the tips with protective plastic layers has only proven to be partially effective.

Another disadvantage of the known static discharge devices, the exact orientation with respect to the antenna field, lies in the need to use relatively thicker Rods, so that the defined orientation can always be maintained, however, in order to act as an effective discharge

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devices to work, these rods with large Diameter have etched tips that become blunt with repeated discharges. ■

As a result of these disadvantages and difficulties, there is now the need to create static Discharge devices whose modes of operation do not on a fixed orientation between the tip generating the noise energy and the field of Receiving antenna are based. In practice, this requirement can only be satisfied by using static Provides discharge devices that emit minimal noise energy so that they are independent practically no noise energy is coupled to the antenna from the orientation of the noise energy source can. ·

The present invention has set itself the task of to provide such a static discharge device which emits very little noise energy and at the same time has a simple and inexpensive structure.

To solve this problem is according to the present Invention proposed a static discharge device that has a conductive current, which, in addition to a first part in the form of a discharge tip, has at least a second conductive part Contains part which is oriented with respect to the discharge tip so that a component of the induced therein Current in a direction opposite to the direction of the straw flows in the discharge peak. So that has The dipole moment of the second part has the opposite polarization as the dipole moment of the discharge tip, so that the dipole moments cancel each other out, or at least

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• partially obliterate, resulting in a substantial reduction of the total dipole moment of the discharge device responsible for the radiated noise energy. Anyone skilled in the art knows that the amount of noise energy radiated from a discharge device is directly proportional to the total dipole moment of the discharge device, so that one by one Reducing the dipole moment can proportionally reduce the radiated energy.

In addition to the discharge tip, the discharge device can have a multiplicity of conductive parts λ , whose liäxigen and geoemetric orientation are selected so that the currents induced therein cause dipole moments that compensate for the dipole moment of the current in the discharge tip and the corona discharge, so that the total dipole moment of the discharge device is substantially zero and accordingly no noise energy can be radiated.

With the aid of the exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the figures of the drawing, the invention is to be explained in more detail below with further features. It shows: (

Figure 1 is a simplified sectional view of an arrangement according to the invention,

Figures 2 and 3 sectional representations of two other exemplary embodiments of the invention,

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of the invention and

Figures 5 and 6 are sectional views of additional embodiments of an inventive Gate direction.

With the aid of the simplified exemplary embodiment according to FIG

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is the working principle of a novel according to the invention Discharge device will be explained · With the reference numeral 10 is the electrically conductive This structure 10 includes a discharge part or a pin 12 which is tapered at one end to form a tip 14. The other end of the pen is connected to a base part 16 of the structure 10. The entire structure or arrangement 10 is electrical with the aircraft frame, which is represented in FIG. 1 by a wing 18, with the aid of a high-resistance Resistor 20 connected. This resistance forms a direct voltage or static voltage Connection between the wing 18 and the assembly 10, so that a static charging voltage present on the wing 18 causes a high static field at the tip 14 of the pen 12.

The structure 10 also contains a conductive part 22, which is larger in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG is directed as the pin 12 and parallel to this is. The part 22 is rounded with the base part 16 by a part 24 running perpendicular to the part 22. The structure 10 can be viewed as an electrically conductive rod, which at one end (tip 14) pointed and bent at the other end so that you see the bent part parallel to the first part extends and protrudes slightly beyond the tip 12.

It is known that noise energy is radiated from a corona discharge device because the discharge device has a resulting dipole moafizii. The noise energy is proportional to the square of the total dipole moment · In addition, the induces Corona, which is provided with the reference number 25 in FIG

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is, when leaving the pen 12 at the tip 14 currents in the discharge pen 12 itself, which, to the Add the total dipole moment and therefore increase the total radiated noise energy. In the one in figure The illustrated embodiment induces the corona 25 leaving the pin 12 currents in 'the conductive parts 12, 22 and 24. The directions of the currents in pin 12 and in parts 22 and 24 are indicated by arrows 12c, 22c and 24c.

The total dipole moment of the discharge gate is a puncture of the dipole moment of the corona discharge itself as well as the dipole moments of the currents in pin 12 and in parts 22 and 24. However, there the Stroa in part 22 in the opposite direction as the current in the corona discharge itself and the induced current flows in pin 12, the dipole moment of part 22 is the dipole moments of the Konrona discharge and of the pin 12 in the opposite direction.

The magnitude of the current in part 22 is more than the current in discharge 25 or in pin 12, there the induced current with increasing distance from the tip 14 (measured from the rod axis) decreases, and at the extreme tip of part 22 becomes zero. By appropriately choosing the length of the part so that as a result of the increased length the lower current in it is compensated, the dipole moment of part 22 is equal to the sum of the dipole moments of the current of the corona discharge 25 and the pen so that the resulting total dipole moment of the arrangement is only the dipole moment of the current in the part 24 running perpendicular thereto remains. However, this dipole moment can be made very small so that the noise energy radiated from the entire arrangement, if not completely

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eliminated, so it can be reduced very much.

The amount of thimble energy that arises as a result of the dipole moment of the vertical part 24 can be through Providing a further part 28 (Figure 2) can be completely eliminated. This should be pointed out at this point that corresponding parts in the different figures are provided with the same reference numerals. The direction of the current in Part 28 in Figure 2 is indicated by the arrow 28c.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the dipole moment of the current is compensated in the part 24 by the dipole moment of the current in part 28, which flows in the opposite direction as the current in Part 24e The division of the current flow between the Pin 12 and parts 22, 24 and 28 takes place roughly proportional to their lengths. The part 22 is longer than the pin 12, so that the dipole moment of the current in part 22 is sufficient to absorb both the dipole moments of the corona discharge current and the To compensate for the current in pin 12. The current in part 24 is also significantly greater than the current in Part 28. A compensation of the dipole moments of the currents in the two vertical parts 24 and 28 is obtained however, by adding £ to part 28 (as in Fig shown) makes it longer than part 24.

The length of the part 28 can be chosen to be the same as that of the part if an additional length is added to the part 28 Part 30 provides, which runs parallel to pin 12 and part 22 (Figure 3). The direction the flow of current in part 30 is indicated by arrow 30c. The conductor structure 10 in Figure 3 is a two-branch symmetrical with respect to the pin 12

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Structure, while the structures 10 in FIGS and 2 are unbalanced. The corresponding lengths of the parts 22 and 30 are selected so that the dipole moments of their currents, the dipole moments of the corona discharge current and the induced current compensate in pin 12. If the lengths of the parts 24 and 28 are chosen to be the same, then flow in them Currents of the same size but in opposite directions, so that consequently the dipole moments of these two Compensate currents. The resulting total dipole moment of such an arrangement according to FIG therefore Bull, so that no noise energy is radiated from this arrangement.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the conductor structures 10 are each with the aircraft frame, for example a wing 18, connected by a high-ohmic resistor 20 in order to establish a direct voltage or static connection between the two To create parts so that a static tension occurring on the aircraft creates a high static field at the tip 14 of the pen 12. The distributed resistance of part 20 must be large enough to the ladder tincture 10 in relation to those interested To isolate high frequency signals, but still have a sufficiently good DC voltage connection to the frame to Böhaffen

In order to ensure proper operation of an arrangement according to the invention, it is necessary that a charge only at the tip 14 of the pen 12 takes place, and not also at the free ends or Spitaen of the other parts, such. B. of parts 22 and 30 * Any discharge at the tips of these parts would induce currents with a relatively large dipole moment

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and consequently to the radiation of a considerable Conduct noise energy · Because the free ends of the parts and 30 protrude beyond the tip 14 at which the corona discharge takes place, they are exposed to high fields. Without special precautions therefore, the discharge would normally occur at these tips rather than the tip 14 of the pen These relationships can, however, be overcompensated by removing the free ends of the outer parts and 30 forms round, while the tip 14 is very strong, so that the static electric field is concentrated at the tip 14 and not at the tips of the outer parts, so that none at these either Discharges can occur. The appearance of static discharges at the tips of the outer parts 22 and can also be additionally reduced by making these parts 22 and 30 with a layer 32 insulating material is coated while leaving the pin 12 exposed with the very sharp tip 14 · On this Way every discharge takes place compulsorily at the Tip 14 instead.

Preferably, the tips of the outer parts are blunt, even if they are additionally provided with a Insulating layer 32 are coated »Although the If the insulating layer is only shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, it can of course aUGh for every »other discharge according to the invention« find device use.

The discharge devices according to FIGS. 1 and 2 contain only a single outer part 22 parallel to the pin 12, while the embodiment according to Figure 3 contains two such parts 22 and 30 » It should be noted at this point that if

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- 11

if desired, more than two outer parts can also be used in a conductor structure 10. as An example of such an arrangement is referred to in the figure, in which the conductor structure 10 symmetrically to the pin 12 contains three parallel outer parts 22, 30 and 34, which are connected to the pin 12 by three transverse parts 24, 28 and 36

It should also be noted that the present invention does not apply to discharge devices is limited with ladder structures in which the outer parts run parallel to the discharge pin and connected to the base part 16 by parts perpendicular to the pin. Rather can any symmetrical or asymmetrical structure can be used as long as the various parts of the Conductor structure with respect to the pin 12 and with each other are oriented so that the currents induced therein Have components that flow in directions such that they have the resulting dipole moment of the If not completely eliminate the discharge device, at least minimize it to a large extent.

So z. B. the conductor structure 10 have a V-shape formed by the outer parts 12 and 44 (FIG. 5). Each of these parts is connected at one end to the base part 16 from which the pin extends. The stroke directions in the two parts are indicated by arrows 42c and 44c. The lengths of the two parts and the angles at which they are inclined towards the pin 12 are selected in such a way that the components of the currents in the two parts parallel to the pin 12 have a magnitude _f which is sufficient to reduce the dipole moments of the corona- Discharge current and the induced current in the pen

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to compensate.

Another embodiment of the invention, in which the ladder structure 10 includes external parts, which do not run parallel to the pin 12 is shown in FIG. The conductor structure 10 contains two curved outer parts $ 6 and 4-8, which together form a semicircle, while the pin 12 in the direction of a radio of this circle runs.

In all of the illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention, there is a single discharge pin 12 shown. However, if desired, a variety of pens, each with its own, can be used has a sharp discharge tip. In such arrangements, individual groups Consists of one or more external parts used to measure the dipole moments of the discharge currents and to compensate for the currents in the discharge pins.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments limited. For example, it is not necessary to just have a discharge peak to use, but there could also be several discharge pins, each with a sharp point are provided and to which outer parts are arranged in such a way that the dipole moments of all parts practically compensate, In addition, more than three outer compensation parts be provided for each discharge pin, the mutual arrangement of all parts in the most varied Wise can be done as long as the requirement is met that the dipole moments of the corona discharge current and the one induced in the discharge pen

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On the one hand, largely compensate for the current with the dipole moments of the outer parts

- patent claims -

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Claims (11)

Claims Noise-free static discharge device for a body collecting static electricity featured by a conductive structure (10) with a base part (16), an essentially straight one Discharge part (12) which is attached at one end to the base part and at the second End terminates in a tip (14) and at least a second one extending away from the base part in this way Part y that of a corona discharge at the tip (14) in this second part induced current has a component that flows in the opposite direction as the current, which is induced by the corona discharge in the discharge part (12) and a resistive support device (2.0) to this conductor structure (10) in such a way at a distance from the collecting the static electricity To hold the body so that the tip of the discharge part (12) facing away from the body. 2. Noise-free discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second part (22) is attached at one end to the base (16) and is rounded at the other end, 3. Noise-free discharge device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second Part is embedded in a layer (32) of insulating material. 4. Noise-free discharge device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the length 0Q9826 / U5O . - 15 - of the second part (22) is matched to the dipole moments generated by the corona current and the current in the discharge part (12). 5. Thimbles-free static discharge device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized »that at least two compensation parts (22, 30, 34-5 4-2, 4-4} 46, 48) are provided in such a way that that the dipole moments of the currents induced in them are the sum of the dipole moments of the discharge (25) and the Compensate at least partially discharge part (12). 6. Noise-free static discharge device according to one of claims 1 "to 5, characterized in that a plurality of straight parts is provided. which are connected at one end to the base part (16) and the other ends of which are spaced perpendicular to the direction of the discharge part and that at least a further compensation part is arranged on one of these straight parts, which is essentially extends parallel to the discharge part. 7. Noise-free static discharge device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the base part (16), aas loading part (12), ( and the conductor structure containing the compensation parts is made up of rods, the compensation rods rounded at their free ends being longer than the discharge part (12) ending in a tip. 8. Noise-free static discharge device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that all conductive parts with the exception of the shorter discharge part (12) are separated by an insulating pot are coated. 009826/1450 - 16 - 19 A 9 6 4 9. Noise-free static discharge device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the lengths and the angular arrangements of the compensation rods are chosen so that the The sum of the dipole moments of the currents induced in them by the discharge contrasts with the sum of the Dipole moments of the discharge itself and the dipole moment of the current induced in the discharge rod (12) cancels. 10, "Noise-free static discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 _f characterized in that the compensation portions are arranged symmetrically to the discharge part (12). 11. Static discharge device according to one of the Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that when several discharge parts are provided, corresponding Groups of compensation parts are provided in such a way that the total dipole moment of the Discharge in the individual parts induced currents essentially disappears. 009826 / U50