DE1948153A1 - Electron beam tube as a writing tube - Google Patents

Description

Cathode ray tube, as. Character writing tube

The invention relates to a cathode ray tube, in particular for the continuous converting of electrical data in on a phosphor screen, z "B ₀ in linework to be reproduced any desired characters, symbols, or the like, in which several arranged in a plane electron beams parallel deflectable individually or bright to several - are darkly palpable and which, among other things, consists of a beam generation system * a controllable beam shaping device (matrix, grid), a simple electron-optical accelerating lens, a z, B "magnetically acting deflection system and a fluorescent screen (target)"

Occur for crisp text and numerical values as inebesondere at Datenverarbeitenden- and calculators, are relatively fast and silently working where possible, electronic Geräie required "This problem may be with the help ^ on electron electric discharge & SSE much like * 3.ösen _o

It is known to write the characters with a simple cathode ray tube in such a way that the electron beam successively follows the lines ZoB _{0 of} a letter or number. Apart from the fact that the control device for complex characters is quite complicated, the process takes a relatively long time »

In a further known tube finished characters are used in the tube by an electron beam hidden by letter and number stencil and

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the luminescent screen is displayed ₀ The process works very quickly - but the tube is complicated ₉ because the electron beam already requires a two-dimensional deflection device for its deflection in front of the template is necessary, then the beam must be deflected back to the center of the tube and projected onto the screen by a second deflection device Tube to capture only a limited number of characters «

It is also known, the individual characters in Porm of halftone dots reproduced by the total electron beam are hidden by a Lochrastez-plate ropes, while the rest similar to the reproduction of a television picture over a given cable of the screen _S from the reproduced character "Each hole in the grid plate has an electrically conductive ring to which electrical signals are fed from the outside via a line leading to it." , since the light keying takes place in the form of individual time delays, which must be very precise ..

To avoid these identified difficulties and disadvantages object of the present invention "In addition, another problem The aforementioned tube types namely an imaging system in which the screen has one relatively large distance from the Elektronenliiise _s so that in general a magnified image produced" To but

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as many characters as possible on a given screen To be able to accommodate, therefore, small, sharply drawn characters are desired, which may be “optically”, ie already outside the tube, enlarged

The problem shown is solved with a cathode ray tube described in the first paragraph, in particular for the continuous conversion of electrical data into any characters, symbols or the like made up of raster points on a fluorescent screen, ZoBo in line arrangement, in which several electron beams arranged in a plane are parallel are deflectable and individually or several light-dark palpable and which, among other things, consists of a beam generating system ₉ a controllable beam shaping device (matrix _s grid), a simple electron-optical accelerator _{lens 5} a z _o B "magnetically acting deflection system and a collecting fluorescent screen (larget) according to the Invention characterized in that between the deflection system and the collecting screen (target) at least two lenses forming a common electron-optical imaging system are arranged in such a way and their focal lengths are dimensioned so that that achieved by them. Image on the target is reduced and of which two lenses arranged directly in front of the target form a correction system consisting of cylindrical lenses, especially in the corners.

The used in this case be arranged from the deflection system for the individual letters, characters or the like in a row and the rows thus formed offset successively vertically expanded occurs z <To the single electron beam, z "B _o in the beam generating system outgoing individual parallel electron beams strong

Distraction, in the space behind the deflection system, doh _o in the area of the cylinder lenses obliquely and experiences as a result

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its a more or less significant distortion corresponding to a spherical aberration, which to eliminate this fuzzy provided cylinder lenses "consist in a particularly advantageous manner of a metal housing and two galvanically separated metal strips, with the metal housing facing the luminescent screen open and towards the beam generating system with a large Entry pinhole is o Cylindrical lenses are from the outset afflicted with a low aberration and can also to compensate for the otherwise resulting imaging errors in the deflection of the electron beam in their Voltage changed v / ground "

In front of the deflection device and the cylinder lens system arranged behind it, a beam-shaping device is provided for forming an electron beam matrix, which in the simplest form consists of electrodes, such as Wehnelt electrodes and anodes, which are arranged parallel to one another and usually formed from flat metal sheets ) which is the same for all associated electrodes _{o In} addition to these electrodes namely the first pulling anode and the main anode _P which together with the Wehnelt electrode form the first accelerating lens, there is another perforated grid plate with the same hole spacing, but smaller, at a distance behind it in the direction of the beam Holes are provided which, in a particularly advantageous manner, represent the relevant object plane for the subsequent acceleration lens dneten,. Holes by means of small tubes, made of z <, B ₀ metal, distanced and connected /earth

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used for further illustration, with the perforated grid plate itself acting as an object level * for a subsequently arranged electron-optical system ₀ Such an inserted acceleration system prevents the electron beams from spreading and also directs them to a common location of a further downstream lens system »From this two lenses In the imaging system formed, the individual lenses are arranged in relation to one another and designed with regard to their focal length in such a way that a reduced "image of the perforated grid" is created on the luminescent screen.

The hole grid matrix _or the hole grid structure of the individual electrodes belonging to the beam shaping device can have up to 20 χ 30 circular holes, of which holes assigned to one another of the electrodes or sub-electrodes arranged one behind the other are in congruence hole grid array of about 5x7 holes in order letters, characters or the like about to typewriter quality for imaging bring ₀ to selection of the points on the vertical and horizontal rows of the dot matrix is in a particularly simple embodiment, the first Zuganode a system of crossed perforated Anode strips are provided, which can be individually controlled. These perforated sheet metal strips are each galvanically separated from one another and provided with an electrical connection to the outside, are arranged in two levels one behind the other according to the number of columns. The electrons emitted by a common, mostly large-area and productive cathode are first divided into a corresponding number of areas by the Wehnelt electrode arranged in front of them, based on their grid structure. Thereupon a selection is made for the respective columns, z »Bo for the vertical lines, in each case by the individually controllable punched strips of the arranged in the foremost level!

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beam path, so to speak, retrospectively allowed or; _o prevented both the electrode array and the implementation of the light-Dunkei-iastens is particularly easy in this electron beam shape because each anode hole strips only an electrical connection is required from the outside _o However, this method has eineii ^<; Disadvantage, which is that not all points can really be controlled simulstan or "lightly scanned"

In an advantageous further development, therefore, the cathode in a corresponding the bitmap number of individual cathode split Each of these single cathode has a separate lead from the outside, raised above each the potential of the individual cathode opposite to the common Wehnelt or ₀ can be lowered "In this case, It is not necessary to divide the anodes into perforated strips.! Instead, perforated sheets are provided in one piece, so to speak

In the drawing are to explain more details of the invention, embodiments of the cathode ray tube described illustrated! hatchets that do not necessarily contribute to the understanding of the invention have been omitted or remain unmarked »

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the electrode arrangement and the course of the electron beam, in particular in the case of a common cathode,

Pig «2 shows * the generation system for simultaneous sampling separate single cathodes

3 schematically shows a possible technical embodiment of an eye with regard to the electrode design and -arrangement-.

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Figo 4 shows the raster image of the ^digit:; 3 ^U as an example of the possible formation of the v / ie of the digits and characters to be added «

In Figo 1, the Wehnelt electrode 2 is connected to 1, a common cathode designated, which must be formed on a large area and productive "Before that is already formed as a hole pattern arranged, which is arranged upstream, in turn, which consists of crossed anode ribbons first Zuganode 3 and 4 _o The degree of The dot grid on which these electrodes are based can be varied between 7x5 and 20 χ 30 pixels ₀ Experience shows that the last-mentioned arrangement of holes is by far sufficient for writing letters with good typewriter quality ₀

To select the points on the vertical and horizontal rows * of the point matrix, the crossed, galvanically separated perforated strips 3 and 4 serve as electrodes of the first pull anode ο They can be controlled individually and thus resulted in the selection for a column, Z ₀ B ₀ a vertical one Lineο A positive voltage of just a few ToIt, SoBo of 10 to 50 YoIt is enough to achieve a current of the order of 1mA per pixel at a distance of a few tenths of a millimeter »The second row of anode strips 4 v.on £ $. '"similar form is in the beam direction behind the previously beschrie" surrounded group of anode ribbons 3 mounted to extend in the Figo 1 parallel to the plane _o by applying a positive voltage to said anode strips 4, the beam passage achieved by the first * ¹ anode ribbons 3 subsequently allowed ; while by applying a small negative voltage of only a few volts below zero (cathode potential) even the passage of the beam is forbidden «This measure makes it possible to control individual points of the grid at will, such as Z ₀ B ₀ for writing the number 3 in a form such as

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this is shown separately in Figo 4 _o According to the dot pattern of the drawing, in the case of the digit blocked 3, the first column in all the lines connected to the second column, only the 2 _O5 3 ο, 8 opens _O and 9ο series ge =, in of the third column only the 2 "and 9" row and opened immediately "The embodiment shows that point grids with less than 20 χ 30 points" already allow sufficiently clearly recognizable digits but as this can be done with the further development shown separately in FIG. 2 φ o

Following the anode ribbons 4 a ^ z _o B _o square plate is located as a main anode 5 "which according to the selected at the Wehnelt electrode and the first Zuganode hole grid spacing with ZOB 5 ₀ x 7-55 circular solu-

'is provided with brazen and which are made to coincide with the openings of the anode strips 3 and 4. Between the anode strips and the main anode 5, lenses from ₃ are formed during operation, which push the electron beams through the holes onto very, small openings in the distance ^ Focus on the perforated grid plate 6 behind it. The electrodes 5 and 6 can be connected by small tubes 15 in such a way that channels are formed, so to speak, between the holes of the two electrodes that are assigned to one another the picture can not move to the _o the focused, senkrepht through the fine openings of the grid plate passing electron beams are but so * further illustration used such that the electrode 6 itself, so to speak acts as the object plane for subsequent electron-optical lens 7 "such a lens

. ZoBo - in the form of an accelerating lens, prevents a Spreading the electron beams and also directs the

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5 χ 7 = 55 individual rays on a common location of the following lens _{system. 8 Mn 0} Both lens 7 and lens system 8 are arranged in relation to one another and their focal lengths are designed so that on the fluorescent screen (! Target) Φ a reduced image of the -Hole grid of plate 6 is created «,

While the lens 7 can be a simple accelerating lens, as is common in electron beam systems, the (lens system 8 consists of two electron-optical cylinder lenses ^ Between the lens 7 and the lens system 8 there is the zoom ₀ magnetically acting deflection system.It serves to mark the individual letters To arrange digits or the like in a line and then to offset the individual lines vertically one after the other _P For this reason, the deflection angle of the deflection system must be relatively large ₅ which is why it is again necessary that the diameter of the lens system 8 is much larger than the diameter of both the Diaphragm electrode 3, 4 »5 and 6, as well as lens 7 is ₀

With the particularly advantageous electrode arrangement shown in Figure 2, in contrast to the arrangement described above, it is possible to control each individual point of the dot matrix simultaneously a separate supply line from the outside, via which - for the purpose of darkening - the relevant potential can be raised toav / o lowered. . Instead, in each case a single mzs Fässiv-lot hplatte 5 ells anode vorgsse / iÄäc. Sia calibrate in it. ..- ien ilba? i (p: n 2isktrc4tE eird die gisieiieiu "like that of. άΰϊ- Vi ^ rur 1 ν? 4si? '«

Fig ₀ 3 shows an etv / a scale accurate representation of the tube described, in which, however, _r are drawn from the seheraatisehen shown in Figo 1 in a much smaller scale to 7 differs from the lower part of the electrodes 1 'The same is true for the deflection system

After leaving the deflection system 10, the respective electron beams 20, Z occurs ₀ B ₀ at high deflection to its further sheet, the metallic tube envelope obliquely into the room in which the cylindrical lenses are housed _s a "This system of cylindrical lenses belongs namely (Enclosures ) 12 and zv / ei is arranged perpendicular to each band-shaped metal rods 13 and 14 ° the Zylindei \ lenses are necessary because the inevitable spherical aberration of a normal lens would bring a significant uncertainty in the edge of the image with itself ₀ cylinder lenses, however, are from the beginning with a lower spherical aberration afflicted xmä k'onnen also to compensate for the aberrations in the deflection of the BlektronenetrahJs depending on the Afelenkspamrang changed in voltage _y dadureh to a so-called dynamic focusing to ers5ielen _o While dae SeMuse '12 at a high positive potential of about. 10 kV, measure the potential d he bands 13 and 14 SoB ₀ for the sesit ^ ale beam assume values in the range of about 0 volts in %@gv.g on the cathode. © ine the corners of the zoB ₃ square GfeM ^ sesg w <$ tMqs & ■ mxm teide pairs of blowers 13 and 14 switched to positive poseatial _Ρ mm ae each sleli between the Ssiiäus9-12 vmM ds »bands 13 fesw _o 14 ausMlftssiöen Einsei- ISjmevt (stsiß sefeSoii'iHS B ^ eGi & ssft si? e ^ share _o Bi © Eöhr-e ar «" beltst m ^ a Mit tSjmx SpiaisiecAenfclaJsiasaiesiAB ^ j SJi ₀ the KLek-

13 WQ £ ~ ^r > t- far each 21 & 0I1 iotslenfetmg des

The tube described is ζ ".B ₀ provided for playing characters iii Ralimen of a document the size of sth & a Schreibmasahinenseite _o But it can also relatively easy uRage into a tube for non-mechanical bridge" - are converts ,, This Pail is only a line used, so that the deflection system for the entire area of the phosphor screen simplifies ₀ such a printer thus operates as a serial BZV; ₀ line printer, in which the feed of the intended paper transport 16 is used to write further lines »Since the character first appears on the luminescent screen (target) 9, light-sensitive paper is preferably used in this case» Such paper ₉ as it is in sufficient quality is generally available today, but works primarily with ultra-violet light. For this reason, both a UV phosphor and a UV-permeable front glass pane must be provided for the printer _o However, this front glass pane 9 only has the shape of a single line “The letter size is in this case most advantageously normal, d _o h _o etv / a 2.5 to 5 mm high is selected and to the photosensitive paper directly to the windscreen in contact placed When using an additional imaging optical system, however, a loss of light must v accepted / ground , but on the other hand it has the quite significant advantage that the size of the letters etv / a can be chosen at will ₉ so ZoBo can be enlarged to a desired size or for microfilms it can also be reduced accordingly ₀

Another alternative for the writing tube is that the horizontal deflection of the entire beam to write the letter is used with o In this case only a column of points that are perpendicular lying on top of each other-used ο During the electron beam a row running horizontally across the screen are automatically switched over as the deflected beam advances one pixel width, the relevant 7 or »30 points one Vertical column switched to light-dark at will

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this creates a character writing tube with the same writing speed as previously described, but at a substantial rate simpler structure «, it has a special meaning whenever it is a question of writing a continuous text in which the deflection speed of an electron beam is constant ,, analogously the same arrangement also applies to the use of the described tube as a printer ,,

Significant advantages of the tube described "are against, over other known tubes in that a matrix of Electron beams is used, which originate either from a common cathode and by applying crossed The anode strips are touched liell-dark or come from a corresponding number of single cathodes themselves Light-dark to be felt «By these electron beams the points required in each case are written at the same time You can use any character, including Greek characters, simply by changing the control system located outside the tube and Arabic letters, as well as drawings with curves of various line markings be o

4 figures

15 claims

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Claims (1)

- 15 claims Cathode ray tube, in particular for the continuous conversion of electrical data into any characters, symbols or the like to be reproduced in a line arrangement made up of raster points, in which several electron beams arranged in a plane can be deflected in parallel and individually or in groups of light-dark can be felt and which, among other things, consists of a beam generation system, a controllable beam shaping device (matrix, grid), a simple electron-optical accelerator lens, a Z ₀ B ₀ magnetically acting deflection system and a fluorescent collecting screen (target), characterized in that between the deflection system (10) and the collecting screen (! target) (9) at least two, a common ^ electron-optical imaging system forming -Consen (7, 8) are arranged and their focal lengths are so dimensioned. That the image achieved by them on the coffin is reduced and two of them immediately before the! Ta rget arranged lenses form a correction system consisting of cylindrical lenses (12 - 15, 12 - 14), which corrects distortions, especially in the corners « Cathode ray tube according to Claim 1, characterized in that that the two cylinder lenses are made of a metal housing (12) and two galvanically therein separately housed metal strips (15, H) consist, that the metal housing (12) to the luminescent screen (9) open and to the beam generation system with a large inlet aperture plate (11) is provided 9/492/642 -H- 1098U / 1820 3 «cathode ray tube according to claim 1 and 2, characterized characterized that for the beam shaping device corresponding to an electron beam matrix the electrodes, which are arranged parallel to one another and are usually formed from flat sheet metal, such as the Wehnelt anode have the same hole pattern (structure), ο cathode ray tube according to claim 1 Ms 3, characterized in that apart from the electrodes (2 _S 3) of the first pulling anode and the perforated main anode (5) j as the electrodes of the first accelerating lens, in the direction of the beam at a distance behind another perforated grid plate ( 6) is provided with the same hole pitch, but smaller holes "', which formed the object plane for the subsequent accelerating lens ο Cathode ray tube according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the holes assigned to one another are separated from the perforated grid plate (6 and the main anode (5) by means of tubes (15), made of Z ₀ B ₀ metal, which form channels ₀ 6ο cathode ray tube according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized ge characterized in that the hole grid matrix (structure) consists of up to 20 χ 30, in particular 5 x 7 ₃ circular holes that the mutually associated holes of the individual one behind the other arranged electrodes or! Deilelectrodes are in cover » PA 9/492/642 '- 15 - 1098 U / 182 0 AS 7ο cathode ray tube according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 Ms 6, characterized in that the front plate (Sarget) (9) carrying the luminescent screen is made of UV-permeable glass _9, in particular from a 'Glaaf ^ sofplättet and the luminescent screen itself is made of UV phosphor Exposing a photosensitive paper (16) that can be moved with feed consists «, Cathode ray tube according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cathode is common to all electron beams arranged in a plane according to a matrix and that of the beam shaping device the first pulling anode (3 ₅ 4) in the manner of a point matrix of several regularly perforated galvanically separated Sheet metal strips (bands) (3, 4) consists of ₈ which are arranged in two planes directly behind one another in such a way that the metal strips of different planes cross each other vertically and each strip can be controlled independently according to a selection according to columns ₀ 9ο cathode ray tube according to claims 1 to 7 ₃ characterized in that a corresponding number of independent cathodes that can be controlled from outside are provided for the individual electron beams of the matrix and the anode consists solely of two perforated sheets arranged one behind the other » lOoVer'fahren for operating an electron tube according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrons emerging from the cathode through the hole pattern structure both the Wehnelt electrode (2) and the subsequent anode electrodes (3, 4, 5 and 6) in one Matrix be divided by electron beams and that ^ öavon »ieinEGlneä.VOne3.nander independently by negative keys the tension anode sheet metal strips at a low positive potential to be darkened » 9/492/642 1098U / 1820 -16- 11o method of operating an electron tube according to claim because you rc hg e ke η η ζ e i c hn e t that the electrons emerging from the individual cathodes through the Hole grid structure of both the Wehnelt electrode (2) as also the subsequent anode electrodes (5 and 6) divided according to a matrix of electron beams remain "and that independent of each other v / ground some of the cathode in question darkened by negative mats » 12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a high.positive potential of Z ₀ B ₀ 10 kV is applied to the metal housing enclosing the two crossed cylinder lenses, and a potential lower in the order of magnitude of the cathode potential, in particular _{Cathode potential is placed, which changes v / ird 0} for the purpose of dynamic focusing depending on the size of the respective deflection 13 «. Method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the simple acceleration lens (7) as well as the two cylindrical lenses (12-13, 12-14) applied potentials are dimensioned so that, due to the focal lengths that develop during operation, when imaging on the luminescent screen the perforated grid in front of the accelerator lens is reduced » PA 9/492/642 - 17 - 1098 U / 1 820 ORIGINAL INSPECTSD ο Method according to claim 12, 'since you r c h characterized, that "when used as a serial printer, the deflection system only uses the line deflection and light-sensitive, especially TJV-sensitive, Paper is transported past the windshield in such a way that the UV-radiating fluorescent screen is the light-sensitive one Paper line by line directly in the contact process or through an additional optical imaging system exposed » 15o method according to claim 12, characterized in, that when used as a writing tube there is only one vertical column and that Writing the characters by horizontal deflection of the entire electron beam takes place and thereby each matrix point depending on - a time function is keyed light or dark o PA 9/492/642 1 0 9 8 1 A / 1 8 2 0 Blank page