DE1944868A1 - Control device for gas turbine engines for driving motor vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Control device for gas turbine engines to drive motor vehicles

The invention relates to a control device for gas turbines to drive motor vehicles.

JDIe gas turbines to drive motor vehicles exist in the essentially consists of a gas generator, i.e. a compressor, a Brennkaiafter, a first turbine to »drive the compressor, a second turbine, which delivers the useful power, and a heat exchanger, which collects the exhaust gas heat from the combustion air feeds. A diffuser in front of the second turbine can be adjusted for good operating behavior.

Control devices for such gas turbines have on the Enter properties of the engine and therefore show the following special Merkealeι

• inen speed control loop for the gas generator, • inen speed r * gel * Gimmick "door to door courage ζ bine, a speed loop tikt the gas temperature.

T-272 - 2 -

109813/0769

8AO ORlOtMAL /

According to one known proposal, it is found to be particularly advantageous viewed that the temperature control circuit on the adjustment device the guide vanes acts. It turns out, however, that the regulation of the oast temperature is due to the inertia of the thermocouples causes considerable difficulties. Quick thermocouples are used to quickly and precisely regulate the oas temperature which are not yet available for these purposes.

The gas temperature has not yet been derived directly from this orund regulated, but indirectly controlled. A measurement of the oast temperature itself and other variables were used such as pressures or pressure ratios for controlling the amount of fuel or the Leltschaufeiste llung, and thus the Oaetemperature used.

Experience has shown, however, that when controlling the oast temperature, the following conditions must be taken into account:

the speed of the oasis aspirator, the temperature of the sucked in air, the pressure of the air sucked in, the "! guided fuel quantities, the position of the guide vane", transferred by the heat exchanger · amount of heat, <Jie fuel type and

the fuel temperature.

109813/0769 .3. BATH

For a correct control of the gate temperature everyone would be Measure these above-mentioned quantities and bring them into a certain relationship to one another, so that the gas temperature does not exceed a specified maximum value. These Setup would be very costly because of the large number of parameters that have to be taken into account. In addition, grains furthermore, that across lazy operating pages, errors arise, see B. by changing the efficiency of the flow machine or by changing the degree of burnout of the combustion chamber, which is not detected by the control device can be.

The object of the invention is to regulate a gas turbine the critical size to eat directly to the long-term failure to balance world-wide.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the Temperature controller contains an integral part, where the temperature is sat directly and the Leitsehauf one of the Sum of the temperature control output value and other characteristic values of the engine is adjusted.

As characteristic values for the guide vane adjustment, all those variables can be used, which are the oast temperature change and which are the same or faster than the temperature control in terms of time behavior, sum other those Find out which you can see from the amount of fuel and the speed

T-272 1098 13/0 7 69 *

1.9.69

SAD ORJOINAL

of the gas generator and the heat exchanger transferred by the heat exchanger put together. As an additional parameter for the guide vane position According to the invention, the inverse time behavior of the heat exchanger can be used.

Accordingly, the disturbance variables, which, however, are in the tent behavior are so quick that they are not regulated by the temperature control circuit can be recorded separately via a control and connected to the actuator of the controller.

Signal summaries are used to record the individual variables or characteristic values arranged «in each of which the largest signal of a fuel reduction or guide vane enlargement Has priority.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the sum of the temperature control output value and the characteristic values which Verl Indians the * Leitechaufeletellung the free turbine results, upon reaching a a particular guide vane position value corresponding to a signal which influences the fuel quantity and ttberregelt the effect of the speed controller.

Another feature of the invention is that the Speed deviation of the free turbine a luscious input signal the SignalEueaenfaseung forms, whereby when reached a certain, maximum speed of the free turbine whose diffuser is opened.

T-272 -

I.9.69 1098 Ί 3/0 7 69 " ⁵ "

Also is the pressure change measured downstream of the compressor speed as signal In the signal summary can be entered «whereby when a predetermined pressure change rate is exceeded, the diffuser is in the open position position is.

In addition, the brake signal goes into the signal failure sensor an «in which the guide vanes can be pivoted in the opposite direction are.

Finally, in a further embodiment, the control device consists of the signal summaries a diode matrix known per se, its output and a neutral conductor using a resistor and a signal limiter connected «whereby the largest negative input signal has priority over the other signals.

With the inventive control device the advantage becomes reaches "the oaeteaperatur both at very fast and at even with very long changes in the operating status In to maintain predetermined limits.

In addition, it is achieved that, as a result of the activation of the aforementioned signals, safe operation of the engine is possible 1st, since it is the recording of the free turntable speed Use against «In over-turning of the free turbine is guaranteed.

⁷ ? - 6 -

1.9.69 109813/0769

With the additional signal of Druokinderungsgesehwindlgkeit

the optional guide vane position of the free turbine during dee

Acceleration process set. A unique and effective

Saiie achievement of the motor vehicle is achieved »notwithstanding the

Brenssignal swiveled the Leltsohaufeln in Oegenrlohtung

"earth.

On the basis of some »enemati eon illustrated examples the invention is further elucidated in the drawings. Show it

Pig «1 the seed structure of the gas turbine engine«

Fig. La shows an implementation of the control device according to the invention in fore of a signal flow * Sohe «as _#

2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the Signalxusa size version the signals influencing the amount of fuel and

3 shows a first implementation of the signal mmimnnfnnning the Leltsohaufelstellung influencing signals.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the compressor 17 is driven by the first turbine via the shaft 18, while the compressor 17 compresses air flows through the Mtrattauseher 23 was Brennkaaser · £ ;;. # Miru nlfc <** " Brennatoff B burned and relaxed in the turbine created. The combustion air passes through the adjustable diffuser 25 into the oil transmission 24

109813/0769

, _::.: ^ Λ ^, 8AD OBlGINAL

_ ₇ _ 194 * 808

driving free turbine «from which the exhaust gases via the heat exchanger 23 are discharged into the open.

The respective guide vane position is denoted by L.

About the fuel pump 21, which is from the one on the compressor shaft lying conical gear pair 20 is driven, the fuel flows to the ignition device 16, which the combustion chamber 22 old fuel supplies.

The opposite Afle controller A influences both the Fuel metering device 16 as well as the adjustable diffuser 25 of the free turbine 26.

The arrows (on the lower side of the block) represent one of its characteristic values of the engine, which are in the control device can be entered.

In Flg. la will be the one in Flg. 1 illustrated block A of the erfindungsgeaieen Control device in a design bracket described.

The accelerator pedal 1 actuates the setpoint generator 2 for the gas aspirator speed n _{1 #} which is the speed of the first turbine (compressor turbine) over * lnstlaat. The deviation from the setpoint is transmitted via an amplifier 3 ait PZ behavior as a signal Bg to a member acting as a signal bevel, where the setpoint deviation is converted into a proportional signal for the amount of fuel B, which

1098 13/0 7 69 " ⁸ -

the fuel metering device 16 affects. It is possible to limit the _{amount of} fuel upwards and downwards using stops B MMV and B. Furthermore, the actual max mxn

Gas generator _{speed n ^ let used to form a signal I 2} below a predetermined speed η _χ , for example η _χ »0.5 ^ _{1 8oll} via the amplifier 4, which holds the guide vane of the free turbine in a predetermined position. In the start area the guide vanes are held in the open position with the signal Eg.

The speed η _χ is also used to form a signal Eg with the fuel quantity B and the temperature behavior Tw of the heat exchanger 2j5, which is obtained via the function generator 6 and which is included in the signal summary 8 via the amplifier ^ in addition to the output of the temperature controller and the Leitachauf eletstellung L controls. In this way, the disturbance variables, such as the amount of fuel B, twisting speed n ^ _let and behavior Tw of the Väremtausohers 23, which exert a very large influence on the temperature control variable, detected by means of a disturbance variable.

Rtj from the bawling _{1 | jt,} T _{1 let} (Verdlchterelngangstemperatur) and Tj _{1 igt} (gas temperature before the first turbine) is the function generator 9, the difference (T ^ - ^T i ^ e ₀ Il e * ^ ¹¹ "<Set, which with the GrOIe - is compared _LLT which is passed through a Bntzerrernetzwerk Io Since the thermocouples an inert behavior in the temperature measurement (T ^ T _l).

1 ~ ψ, 1 ₉ 1098 i 3/076 9 - 9

BATH ORIGINAL

«• igen, so not nimble enough faster changes of the Qasteaperatur would be able to follow in the comparison the actual temperature "with the setpoint temperature falsifications occur" which can be compensated by the equalization network.

The resulting deviation E, is over the amplifier 11 ait PI - behavior of the signal usage recording 8 passed on, on which the previously mentioned signal Eg acts.

Furthermore, the Leitsohaufelstellung nooh of additional QröBen influenced. The speed deviation of the old of the rotary SAhI to running free turbine is sent as signal E via the amplifier 14 passed on to the signal additional version 8 and serves as over-speed protection for the free turbine.

The additional signal Ej | for acceleration processes «which from the predetermined maximum and the actual pressure change “speed results” is passed through the amplifier 15 of the Slgnalzuii — snare 8 to.

_{Basically, a signal B 5} is recorded in the signal feeder 8 so that the guide vane position can be swiveled in the direction.

_{The signals K 1} to 1 «captured in the adding circuit result in an output signal» the electrohydraulic servo

m ~ * 109813/0769

T-272, _

For example, it is converted into a “translational movement of the seaweed 13, whereby the adjustment of the guide vanes of the free door” is achieved. With the stop L ^ _1n the smallest guide vane opening necessary for operation of the oasturbine is marked.

The signal acquisition 8 is such that among the χ input signals E ₁ bla B- the largest signal has priority, which acts in the direction of an enlargement of the guide vane channel cross-section. In the event of a certain negative output signal, which corresponds to a certain guide vane position, the switch 16 turns off, so that the output signal of the signal output sensor 5 resulting in the input signal 8 is applied as signal K.

Results in the signal 'uaiwenfaasung 5 * "1" in the voltage at the one Zeioh- * a Vergleiohstellen the sizes indicated - a positive signal "is increased, the Brenistoffteeage; a negative signal causes the fuel level to decrease.

While a positive signal of Signalmsiwnnission 8 a decreasing Leitsohaufelkanalquersohnitt results * l ^ stMt a negative signal *: r .., -, zwpfr- ■ :: ^Ά :: '< Tieschaufelkanalquersohnitt the free turbine.

T-278
1.9.69

1098 1 3/0769

OB) GiNAl.

- 11 -

In Pig * 2, for example, the electrical circuit diagram for the signal assembly 5 is shown. The Drehsahl setpoint deviation of the deserved is seen as a signal Eg in the element that encompasses the signals. In addition, the signal E-, for example the maximum guide vane position, is issued. The corresponding diodes Dg and Bu form an output a, which is connected to a neutral conductor by means of a parallel-connected resistor R _{1 of} the Zener diode (signal limiter) D _x .

In FIG. 3, a version of the execution version 8 according to the invention is reproduced. The respective input signals E ₁ to Ec are assigned diodes D ₁ to D, -, the output of which forms "two thresholds" due to the fact that a susceptible diode is kept out of the way. In the example shown, the output of the diodes D ₁ , Dg and D ^ su are a single signal and connected to the conductor via a resistor H ₁ connected in parallel and a signal limiter _{D 11.} This signal arrives via the downstream diode D sub the actual matrix output a, into which the outputs of the diodes D and D are also connected. _{The resistor R a} and the signal limiter D ^ _{2 are} connected in parallel between the output a and dea multiconductor.

The diode coabination shown in FIG. 3 could be expanded as desired so that the numbers correspond to the thresholds according to the signal limits on the number of input signals atelgefn läST.

7th
1.9.69 1098 13/076 9

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Control device for gas turbine engines for driving motor vehicles, the engine consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber, a first turbine to drive the compressor, a second turbine to deliver useful power, whose diffuser is adjustable 1st, a heat exchanger, a speed controller, which is driven by the first turbine is changed and the amount of fuel, and a temperature controller, which the gas temperature downstream of the combustion chamber measures and changes the guide vane position, characterized in that the temperature controller has an integral part contains, whereby the temperature is measured directly, and the guide vanes as a function of the sum of the tea temperature controller output value and other parameters of the engine is adjustable. 2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that that all values are used as characteristic values, which T-272 1Qy ^ ι j / 0 V b 9 BAD ORtQfNAL change the gas temperature and which in time behavior are the same as or faster than the temperature control loop. 2. Control device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the parameters from the quantities of fuel quantity (B), speed of the first turbine (nl) and the worm exchanger transferred amount of heat exist. 4. Control device according to claim 3, characterized in that the inverse tent behavior of the heat exchanger is used as an additional characteristic of the guide vane adjustment (L). 5 «control device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that da3 for the detection of those characteristic values which influence the guide vane position, the signal bevelling (8) is arranged, in which the largest, acting in the direction of a cross-sectional enlargement of the guide vane Signal has priority. 6. Control device according to claims 1 to 5 *, characterized in that the Signalxuaaaeenfaesung (5} arranged to detect the signal of the speed deviation (Eg) of the Oaserseugere and the signal (EU) which exceeds a predetermined maximum value in the Signalzueaeeenfaesung , with the largest signal acting in the direction of a reduction in fuel consumption, overturning the priority. 6AD OfUQlNAU 19AZf868 1Η 7 * Hegeleinrichtimg according to claims 1 to 6, characterized «that from the sun from temperature control output and the characteristic values which change the guide vane position of the free turbine when a certain one is reached Guide vane position of the corresponding value, a signal (EL,) results, which affects the amount of fuel and overregulates the effect of the speed controller. 3. Control device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the speed deviation of the free turbine is an additional input signal (E,) of the signal combination (3) forms, with the nozzle being opened when the free turbine reaches a certain speed. 9. Control device according to claims 1 to 7 »thereby ge * indicates that the downstream vas compressor is measured DruokSnderungsgesohwindlgkelt as a signal (Eg) in the Sig ~ nalzusaonenaufnahme (3) can be entered, whereby when exceeded a given pressure change rate the distributor is in the open position. lo. Hegel device according to claims 1 to 7 * thereby ge » indicates that in the Signaliusaeoenfaseung (8) in addition the Breoflsignal (E ~) is received, in which the Leitichauf «In can be swiveled in the opposite direction T-272 - * - 109813/0769 Jf ~ 1 Ο /, ΛΟ 11. Control device according to claims 5 to lo, thereby marked «that the respective signal summary consists of a known diode matrix, the diode output rait the neutral conductor by means of parallel switched resistor and Zener diode is in connection, whereby the largest negative input signal opposite has priority over the other signals. T-272
1.9.69 1098 13/0 76 9 ... ORtGINAi. Blank page