DE1933011C3 - Surface radiator for receiving electromagnetic waves with a circular aperture subdivided into concentric ring zones - Google Patents

Description

19 33 Oil

Tending signals are finally branched into the intermediate frequency range for each

circuit with correct phase and amplitude wave type separated

merged. The process of merging In Η waves, the electric field lines run

tion of the signals passing through the partial apertures in exclusively transversal, d. H. in the cross section of the

one of the aperture occupancy in the transmission case approximated 5 waveguide, and there is no Ej component.

In the following, amplitude and phase should be described with Dia- In the case of the U ₁₁ - and H ₁₂ -WeI-

grammsynthesis. lenmodes in round or coaxial waveguides

The invention is therefore concerned with the syn- indicates the electric field strength on a certain

thesis of a sector-shaped reception diagram with a radius has a radial direction. The field strength of the

a surface radiator with a subdivided circular io H ₁₁ wave changes its sign along this radius

Aperture. If one does not want the synthesis of the receiving _{slide, while the H 12} -WeIIe is a unique

reversal takes place in the above-described manner. To distinguish the different

aim, a number of difficulties arise.

th, some in the radiator structure, some in the different radial and circular field strength progression

different wave types occur and in the main 15 draw;

thing justified in the present frequency range With the radiator, the two perpendicular to each other

are. During construction, dielectric phase shifters - standing linearly polarized waves are to be received,

plates required, and in addition, the achievement is to bring the mixer diodes in each of the two

of the amplitude distribution adjusted dielectric polarization planes, whereby a separation of the

constant distribution is practically difficult to displace, differently polarized waves

to make changeable. The adaptation of the mixer diodes to the head of the

The invention is based on the object that for emitters? isit somewhat frequency-dependent and depends on the the diagram synthesis required at the axial distance of the diodes from the back wall of the network to realize a lower frequency range in order to depend on the waveguide concerned. If two or more this makes the circuit technology easier to master and the special coaxial structure of the distance from the back wall of the waveguide Free the emitter. Furthermore, by eitui one is supposed to simplify by an equally large distance in each case Amplitude control opens up the possibility of being offset and the signals are appropriately combined, the radiation diagram of the antenna in the process depends on the diode combination to adjust, regulate or control the drive. The one here has a smaller frequency dependency than one Continuous control of the individual diode for the synthesis is necessary.

decisive signal amplitudes prepares a transmission of the auxiliary oscillation in the intermediate order

frequency range no difficulties. To reduce the partial apertures are, expedient

Based on the area mentioned in the introduction, at a distance of half a line wavelength of

radiating, this task is, according to the invention, removed from the first mixer diodes towards the aperture, each

solved by the fact that in the inner hollow tube as well as in the second one subjected to the same auxiliary oscillation

the coaxial mixer diodes formed by the coaxial casing tubes are provided,

axial lines for frequency conversion of the on-off measurement of the field strength in three points

individual partial wave mixing diodes are arranged, the adaptation state can be fixed on a line.

are acted upon by an auxiliary oscillation, and set that 4 °. This well-known one that works with three diodes

to lead out the intermediate frequency to each method can be used in connection with the over-

Mixing diode one line is switched on. conditions according to the invention for the investigation

The diagram synthesis is therefore not in the middle of the operating state of a surface according to the invention

Use the microwave range, but rather in the intermediate frequency range.

made rich. This is possible because a half-wave type through a channel contains only one mode and its linear equivalent circuit is shown, although a non-linear relationship between voltage and current is given can. Between the network of oscillator and intermediate frequency see the microwave input voltage of the mixer is used at the same time (figure),
diode and the intermediate frequency output voltage 5 ° An incident linearly polarized wave is detected, there is a linear relationship if only the micro aperture with the hollow tube 0 and the coaxial wave input voltage are sufficiently small compared to channels 1 to 3.
is the oscillator voltage. By means of thin coaxial cables 5 they are with the

The various networks 6 necessary for the diagram synthesis are connected, which continue to the output

to which the large amplitudes of the converted individual connection 7 lead. The channels of the radiator are

signals can advantageously be closed by short-circuit slide 8 on the back of different sizes,

Achieve DC biases on the mixer diodes. which move axially to adapt the diodes

Another electronic amplitude control can be issued and fixed with the screws 9

is given by differently large amplitudes of the can.

Auxiliary oscillation on the mixer diodes. If necessary 60 behind the microwave part of the radiator)

If both measures can be provided jointly, the IF part 10. The output connection of the beam

being. lers is mounted on a carrier 11. The ZF part is

Since the mixer diodes are axially accessible directly in the individual co-axially accessible after removing a plate 12 from the outside Lines and the inner hollow tube. In the channels of the radiator are the mixing are arranged, there are advantageous differences 65 diodes 4 attached.

possible, if several wave types in The required networks 6 in addition to the quadruple

the individual coaxial lines and / or the branch 7 can, for example, be subordinate to coaxial

Duct occur. In this case, I am using commercially available plug-in connection

5 6

share build. For example, you can use the ~ ~ ~ ~

branch of three coaxial T-branches together- "^ ™ "

stuck. Commercially available coaxial attenuators can be used in the networks 6. The length of the S coaxial cables (o + b) 2 {a-b) 2 {a-b) (a-b) coaxial cables 5 is suitably selected for setting the correct phase , or waveguides can be inserted into these lines by means of plug-in connections.

Attenuators and phase shifters are from In the circular waveguide can be a diagram synthesis Oscillator and IF voltage are stressed at the same time. io with the W ₁₁ - and the E ₁₁ -WeIIe Due to the attenuators, on the one hand, the den, with higher wave types being sufficient Oscillator voltage supplied to diodes is reduced, small radius α suppressed. In the coaxial

whereby the generated IF voltage drops, and further waveguide is a diagram synthesis with the H ₁₁ -

the latter becomes known on the way through the same damping and the / Z ₁₂ -WeIIe.

fulcrum weakened again. The achieved attenuation 15 With such a synthesis one can use all higher

The IF is thus greater than the value of the damping wave types by being sufficiently small (a-b)

fung of the attenuator in question. suppress, but not the E ₁₁ -WeIIe, which the

By serving as a phase shifter, it has the same cut-off wavelength _{as the H 12 wave.} This Pieces of cable are initially the phase of the oscillator - here the interfering wave occurs but only in low intensity

Tension pushed what ao did because of their length. In one that occurs linearly in the case of reception

succeeds with relatively short cable lengths. polarized wave is not a z-component of the elec-

This results in a phase shift in the IF-Span- tric field strength that is required for the excitation

tion. The ZF then suffers on the way through which e-waves are necessary. Since the coaxial

same phase shifter channel again a phase surface radiator cross-section jumps in the hollow tube

shift, which can be avoided because of the large shaft length 35 and the coaxial channels.

the IF is comparatively low. there are no E waves in the waveguides themselves. It

For the diagram synthesis in round and coaxial there is therefore the possibility of diagram synthesis with len waveguides are the following wave types of two wave types in round or coaxial wave meaning, the cutoff wavelength of which is given in the following ladder of a surface radiator according to the invention (a - Enter outer radius, * = inner 30, if the distance between the coaxial tubes (sufficient radius) is kept small.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (8)

19 33 Oil l 2 9 surface radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to avoid radiation of an auxiliary oscillation, one at a distance 1. Surface emitter for receiving electroma- half line wavelength a second, with the Magnetic waves with auxiliary oscillations acted upon in concentric ring zones 5 equal to Mischuri dividers circular aperture consisting of diode is arranged an inner hollow tube and one or more casing tubes surrounding this coaxially
to the synthesis of a sector-shaped reception diagram in the or the outer sub- "
apertures received RF waves before they are agreement with the emp- The invention relates to a flat radiator for HF waves caught and partly in reception of electromagnetic waves with concentrated the phase are rotated, thereby characteristic ring zones subdivided circular aperture, shows that in the inner hollow tube (0) is composed of an inner hollow tube and a as well as in the coaxial casing pipes or several casing pipes surrounding them coaxially (1, 2, 3) formed coaxial lines for the Fre-Rohr, in which for the synthesis of a sector-shaped frequency conversion of the individual partial waves mixed reception diagram in the or the outer diodes (4) are arranged, the HF waves received with an auxiliary partial aperture before they are vibrations are acted upon, and that in order to harmonize with the received in the inner partial aperture Execution of the intermediate frequency to each mixed genes HF waves attenuated and partly in the diode (4) a line (S) is connected. Phase are rotated. 2. Surface radiator according to claim 1, characterized such antennas are the Grui.dkonzept after characterized in that the different sized Am- known from the German patent specification 10 51 342, amplitudes of the in the intermediate frequency range and it is also set up by the DT-AS 12 93 254 Signals due to coinciding with different sizes, surface radiators of this type with subdivided Bias voltages achieved on the mixer diodes (4) are circular aperture for generating a sector, shaped radiation diagram. Here- 3. Area radiator according to claim 1, characterized ra must be an alternating in the subdivided aperture characterized that the different sized Am- 30 occupancy with decreasing amplitudes towards the edge the amplitude in the intermediate frequency range, which is roughly based on a Λ, function set signals through different sized Am- runs. This is the case with the known area beam amplitudes the mixing diodes (4) fed to the ler achieved in that the inner hollow tube and the Auxiliary oscillation are achieved. through the casing pipes surrounding each other coaxially 4. Surface radiator according to claim 2 or 3, 35 formed coaxial lines separated with signals entdakter characterized in that the receiving diaphragm speaking of the Λ , occupancy of different ampligrams can be controlled during operation. tude and phase are fed. This consideration 5. Surface radiator according to claim 1, which applies to the transmission case of the radiator,
characterized that in the presence of several further wave types in a concentric line 40 4 94 925 an arrangement for direction reception with (1, 2, 3) or in the inner hollow tube (0) the surrounding of a plurality of antennas The oscillation wave type is carried out separately using setting in the intermediate frequency range for each electrical time compensations. processes for determining the maximum vector, 6. surface radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that the identified by the individual antennas, that in order to distinguish between received currents received, an in-phase one ltypes with different radial course auxiliary frequency is superimposed and the forming the electric field strength for each wave type under intermediate frequencies after their rectification two oppositely connected semiconductor diodes (4) interposition of phase compensators one are provided, which are fed to the reception of waves common to the circle in which the antypes with a polarity reversal in the radial course 50 is pointing device. In this known arrangement electric field strength in each area, however, the individual antennas are spatially in different polarity are arranged. arranged a predetermined distance. In the lite 7. surface radiator according to claim 1, characterized raturstelle "communications journal", year marked that the implementation of signals gang 19, issue 12, December 1966, p. 697 to 701, perpendicular polarization for 55 antennas are also described in which one each polarization direction separated by a sink mixer diode or a transistor directly into the right to each other in the concentric lines antenna can be used. and / or the inner hollow tube (0) arranged. In the case of receipt, the ones mentioned in the introduction Mixing diodes (4) takes place. Surface emitters the partial apertures of the surface beam 8. surface emitter according to claim 1, characterized by 60 lers occupied with the same intensity. However, the characterized in that to improve the Fre- through the outer coaxial lines passing signals quenzganges for each wave type two or more weakened by means of a damping circuit Semiconductor diodes (4) are provided which are used as the signals in the inner coaxial lines and the axial inner hollow tube required for the adaptation case and also partly in the len distance from the metallic termination (8) of the 65 phase rotated. This happens to the same extent concentric lines (1, 2, 3) around one each as in the case of transmission, whereby in the case of reception also the the same distance offset from one another the same radiation pattern exists as in the transmission case, are. The pass through the partial apertures in the case of reception