DE1929195A1 - Composts prepd from industrial waste - Google Patents

Abstract

Coffee-bean residues e.g. from prodn. of soluble coffee powder, is mixed with (pref. 0.5-30% v/v) finely divided mineral, pref. SiO2, Al2O3 and/or Kieselguhr, and opt. with other organic waste matter, 0.01-10% soot and/or charcoal, mineral and/or vegetable oils, 0.5-5% polymer waste (e.g. alginic acid, polyethyleneimine, polyacrolein gel, phenylenthylene and/or methane polymers), 0.1-10% CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH2), Ca3(PO4)2, and/or CaSO4, and allowed to ferment 12 hrs., 10 days, (pref 24 hrs.) anaerobically followed by up to 48 hrs. aerobically with added Fe powder. The anaerobic fermentation is pref. interrupted periodically for 2-12 periods for 1 hr., increasing to 4 hrs., and the aerobic fermentation interrupted 6-24 times for periods of 6 hrs., decreasing to 0.5 hrs. The product is used as a fertiliser and soil improver.

Description

Means for soil protection, soil improvement and horticultural Soils and processes for their production.

(Addition to the patent ......... (Pat.Anm. P 18 03 103.3) The invention relates to a means for soil protection, soil improvement and horticultural soil on the basis of natural organic substances, which are essentially digested through fermentation Substances and / or waste materials from powder coffee production (extraction residues) and a method for their production.

It is known to remove organic waste from treatment with lime and subsequent months of fermentation (hot fermentation) to prepare as fertilizer. However, this process is cumbersome and lengthy and requires considerable amounts of lime and large space requirements for waste materials that are produced in large quantities. Furthermore, the temperatures can rise to such an extent that the masses spontaneously ignite intritt0 From the German patent specification 1 082 603 are now means for soil improvement based on org. Natural substances as well as tin processes for their production known, by means of which ber @ its avoids the main disadvantages of the aforementioned methods can be. The resulting from the powder coffee production (bean coffee and surrogate coffee powder manuf.) by hot extraction of roasted coffee beans or roasted barley grains, Figs and chicories and drying the extract flood water-soluble powder in the Waste (coffee grounds) arising from the spray drying tower is then premixed with inorganic and organic compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur, in particular ammonium sulfate, aqueous ammonia solution, thiourea, guanidine or urea-containing organic substances, with the addition of dilute acetic acid solution or acetates processed. The preparation is done in such a way that one dio mass in a closed container, e.g. a silo, liner anaerobic Undergoes fermentation and interrupts it with donation. Then the mass is dried and stored as dark as possible, with the characteristic after processing The smell of forest soil.

The main patent. (Pat.Anm. P 18 o3 103.3), which is a further development represents the aforementioned method relates to a means for soil protection and soil improvement as well as horticultural soils on the basis of essentially digested by fermentation, natural organic waste products and mineral additives, which characterized in that the agent contains extraction residues from powder coffee production, water soluble organic polymer.

and / or mineral and / or vegetable pure or consumed Oils, finely divided naturally occurring or synthetically obtained silicon dioxide or fillers containing this and optionally carbon black or charcoal powder contains.

This product is able to absorb large amounts of moisture and which are only slowly released back into the environment, preferably only below the sucking baw. adsorbing and / or absorbing effect of the underground plant shoots, and which at the same time is characterized by a high content of humus substances (humic acids) aussichnet.

The extraction residues from powder coffee production prove their implementation according to the known method according to DP document 1 082 603 a extremely high content of humic acids, which are essential for the cultivated plants able to bind (chelate) important trace elements Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn complex, so that these are no longer absorbed by the plants and trace element deficiency diseases may occur.

According to the procedure according to the Hauptpit-nt .... (Pat. Ann.

P 18 o3 103.3) these free humic acids are partly due to the Silicic acid is adsorbed and thus remains for longer periods of time up to about 2 up to 5 years in the soil, which ensures the long-lasting effect of such complete fertilizers is to be explained.

Due to the stabilizing effect of the active, highly dispersed silica but also at the same time a certain part of the trace elements, which already is chelated by the iluminic acids, is retained and thus the plant nutrition withdrawn.

In most of the cases you will encounter the application of this fertilizer no damage to plants, however, can occur in very poor soils, such as e.g. sandy soils, a partial binding of the trace elements is disadvantageous affect plant nutrition.

For example, it has been observed that when concentrated Coffee grounds, which are only partially implemented by storage as a result of putrefaction and had experienced incomplete rotting, all vegetation, especially Weed growth also did not occur, but after about a year there was increased vegetation occurred. However, it is not the purpose of a fertilizer to act as a herbicide, but to develop its growth-promoting properties as soon as possible.

This herbicidal effect is created by the means according to the main patent when used appropriately in not too high a concentration and well mixed in largely avoided in the soil to be fertilized, but this is necessary precise soil control with regard to pH and composition to ensure perfect To enable fertilizing effect.

The aim of the invention is therefore to provide a soil improver to develop which is suitable for all soils even without prior soil investigation is by depending on its composition of the respective soil type adapts and an optimal fertilizing effect over longer periods of time, i. e.

over several consecutive growing cycles, shows.

The invention was based on the task of providing a means for soil protection, for soil improvement and horticultural soils on the basis of essentially through Fermentation of digested, natural organic substances and / or in powder coffee production resulting extraction residues as well as a process for their production according to Main patent. <Pat.Not.

P 18 o3 103.3) indicate by means of which, on the one hand, the plant nutrition necessary humic acids are fed into the soil and on the other hand a continuous Release of trace elements to the plants is made possible.

The characteristic of the invention can be seen in the @ means has a content of formates of the alkali and / or alkaline earth metals.

By adding calcium formate in particular, the previously Already practiced hot fermentation of organic waste materials, in particular of Extraction residues then from the powder coffee production, which are used for sterilization the humus fertilizer is carried out by killing germs at such high temperatures, that ignition of the material can occur with close packing, since due to the presence of calcium formate in addition to controlling the release of trace elements during the growing season also sterilization of the fertilizer during storage is guaranteed.

The preparation of the agent according to the invention can essentially be carried out according to the method described in the main patent, but only one batch Implementation, which is sufficient if there is less extraction residue, is possible is. As a result of the constantly increasing consumption of powder coffee and the resulting resulting growing production, connected with the great Accumulation of extraction residues, however, arises for the coffee processor Industry the problem of the ongoing disposal or recycling of coffee grounds.

In the present case, there is therefore the further task that Implementation as continuously as possible within short periods of time, since with an average accumulation of coffee grounds with an average operation of about 30 to ao t per. Day storage in rent is no longer possible.

According to the invention, a continuous conversion can already be achieved perform within 72 to 24 hours; by placing the raw material (moist coffee grounds with a water content of approx. 60 to 90% via a transport device into a mixing device is introduced, with the silica or

the silicates and possibly the other additives, such as e.g. water-soluble organic polymers and / or styrofoam powder and / or carbon black or charcoal powder, are added in such a way that for 100 weight units of crude product in each case 0.5 up to 10 weight units of silica.

This cools down a lot during transport to and in the mixing device the hot raw material is already so low that it releases moisture brief anaerobic fermentation in a filling tank, e.g. a rotary kiln or in particular Digestion tower, can be subjected. The digestion tower is divided into several chambers, in which the entered raw material is subjected to a gradual digestion. The transport from one chamber to the other prevents overheating, whereby the goods are required for implementation when they exit the last chamber Temperature of about 45 to 550 ° C.

The anaerobic fermentation takes place in the digestion tower, largely without air initiated, which is interrupted after exiting the digestion tower and in the following rotting container, e.g. a rotary kiln or in particular a rotting tower in a rapid aerobic fermentation passes. From the digestion tower, the goods get into the rotting tower, where iron powder or iron filings, for example, are added to the mass. The rotting tower consists advantageously of several floors, in which.das Gut from top to bottom is promoted below with air supply and moisture removal. Already in the top The implementation process begins on the floors of the rotting tower, which is reflected in the following floors so that after a throughput time of 48 within 24 hours the process is complete and a crumbly, loose after humus earth-smelling product can be discharged.

After discharge, calcium formate is used in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, added and mixed well. The finished one The product now has a moisture content of about 0 to 60% and can be filled into containers provided with openings for air admission.

Claims (1)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e t.) Means for soil protection, soil improvement and horticultural Soils on the basis of natural, essentially digested by fermentation organic substances and / or extraction residues from the production of powder coffee as well as a process for their production according to patent ....... (patent application P 18 o3 103.3) dadurth marked that it also contains formates the alkali and / or alkaline earth metals. 2.) Agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is calcium formate contains 3.) agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is sodium and / or Contains potassium formate. 4.) Means according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Contain the formates in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% are. 5.-) Process for the preparation of the agent according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the raw material has a water content of 60 to 90 % by means of a transport device with air admission into a mixing device is introduced, the admixture of finely divided, active silica and / or Silicates, optionally together with water-soluble organic polymers and / or Styrofoam powder and / or Rufes or charcoal powder, is carried out in such a way that on 100 Parts by weight of crude product each contain 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of silica or silicates, then the mixture product in at least one of the outside atmosphere closed digester after a dwell time of up to 24 hours is entered in at least one ventilated rotting container, then with a Partial amount of the formates and / or finely divided iron or substances containing this is charged and discharged after a dwell time of up to 48 hours and with the formates or the remaining amount of the formates is added. 6.) The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixture product in the digester within the dwell time evenly from the entry to the discharge under Air exclusion and evenly in the rotting container within the dwell time is required from entry to discharge with aeration. 7.) The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixture product in the digester within the; dwell time with interruptions from the entry mam Discharge under the exclusion of air and in the rotting tank within the dwell time is conveyed with interruptions from the entry to the discharge with aeration. 8.) The method according to claim 7, characterized in that in the digester two to 12, preferably 6, interruption periods with increasing interruption times from one hour to 4 hours in the last interruption period and in the rotting container 6 to 24, preferably 12, interruption periods with decreasing interruption times from 6 hours to half an hour in the last interruption period will.