DE1910671A1 - Musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Pavia-larny Associates

Morris Plains, New Jersey, V _f St.A.

The invention relates to musical instruments that have a vibrating element, for example a string, and a mechanism which set this element of a string in vibration

In the development of stringed keyboard instruments, various lon Wirkuhgen achieved, depending on the way in which the sides were vibrated. So be at Plucking the strings through a spike on a spinet, while plucking the strings on a clavichord and piano, for example to be struck by hammers

The spinet has a particularly pleasant ion, but the conventional ones Spinets have several problems · lines consist of the need for constant adjustment and maintenance the individual spikes to ensure proper plucking of the strings. There is a second problem in the relatively intricate arrangements necessary to achieve a large volume ion

Spinets are particularly affected by changes in (temperature and "Moisture affects. Since only a small area of the string is plucked from the mandrel, the physical.

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Drawings between the string and the mandrel with great accuracy are respected, which requires continuous adjustments of the mandrel.

In a piano, the hammer strikes a large area of the String, so that adjustments "in the load effect are not required to compensate for changes in the physical distance between the hammer and the strings. Hitting one String through a hammer, however, does not give a! Eon that is equal to that of a spinet tone, mainly due to the damping effect the hammer that initially sits on the string when it strikes.

The invention has a contrast to the goal of making an instrument available that has a Son that is similar to that of a Spinets is, however, without the need for a plucking effect, but the sound is actually sufficiently different from that of a spinet, so that the invention is an entirely new type of musical instrument, especially a new one Kind of a stringed keyboard musical instrument exposes.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the musical instrument has a vibrating element, for example a string and a mechanism to make the element vibrate. The mechanism includes a vibrating link, which usually rests on the individual string. The vibration link sticks to the string so that it is lifted of the vibration link simultaneously through the adhesion

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with is raised, and the string is then. , admixed in. vibration when the Haftun _o szugkraft overcome · is.

If, in such a way, a load is struck, it will • Vibration link raised. » The {tone generation is somewhat delayed because the 'Hon does not start immediately. The string will due to liability. the vibrating link is raised by this G-song. However, it is raised against that inherent in the string Tension that is brought into resonance between, the tuning bolt and the tensioning post, or bolt. When lifting, of the vibrator element eventually becomes the tension of the string large enough to hold the adhesive forces. overcome and the string snaps free, causing it to vibrate «

Sg is su note that in accordance with one aspect of the Invention the string is not plucked or struck; Farther is it not particularly biased in any way «

Liability may be in accordance with the present. Invention via an in. Regarding the spinet tone. relatively large area of the string take place, and as long as the vibrator element on the string can rest in a normal or not played position, have minor dimensional changes. owing to. Changes in. The Temperature or humidity different from traditional spinet ta no influence.

The resilient part of a vibrating link also serves to dampen

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vibration of a string when the key is released, becomes and the vibrating member by its G-ewiclit or, I'ederffekt returns to au on the string. lie, too. come. Accordingly should be the resilient part, which «made of a rubber cushion or a-G-ummibuch.se does not exist ». be small, or the vibrating link strikes the string. hard on when it returns to its release division and creates new vibrations, instead of dampening the string. Likewise, the resilient part should not be too. soft or too big to be too. stretch when the vibrating member is raised.

It should be noted that different from most known. Mechanisms that serve to keep the string in. Vibration, too. move, the mechanism in accordance with one aspect of the invention is not a mechanical action that is a. Striking, required either for a hammer action or a. Plucking, but the vibrating member according to the invention is based on the Haftun _L .seffekt, wherein the string adheres to the vibrating member and is thereby raised from an untensioned storage position.

The keyboard according to the present invention can be very compact be designed, and therefore has the. additional benefit, that less space is required. However, the main advantage of the invention lies in the achievement of a tone that is best described can be considered slightly more rounded and slightly wider than that of a spinet and avoiding the perpetual Settings that a üpinettdorn required You can also

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when playing the embodiments according to the invention, the strings feel due to the directly provided coupling by the The string is attached directly to the key by the adhesion of the string to the vibration element ".

l / other aspects that occur in the various execution forms of the invention to 'ask, come, are the following:

(1) the member resting on the string comprises a piece of resilient material to close the vibrating element. dampen, when the limb returns to rest on the string. come, and an outer surface with adhesive properties;

(2) the adhesion effect is brought about by a layer of a Glue on the string itself;

(3) the mechanism for lifting the string comprises a body of solid material, of a layer having thereon from a soft, resilient material, in which the string sinks so that it (is surrounded by it when the member rests on the string, and thus the desired adhesion effect arises;

(4) the vibrator also causes a wider strike of the string, the IIaftun _(j vibrator normally lies on the string and provides an initial vibration of the string rather Cfuinuiistari £, ü provided, do α Loh solbub na oh uirbcm rubbed the Üaibcj Press brockt »Am Bodoü diener ütan ^ -3 and iinoor dLe Su Lte

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a stop member is provided extending '.

The flexible rod is dimensioned so that, when, the button is struck and the vibrator is lifted to in turn by the adhesive effect according to the invention to the string. to lift and thus to set it in vibration, the stop member does not come into contact with the string »If, however, the key is struck very sharply, then the vibrator, moving very suddenly, reaches the flexible rod and after the string is first vibrated by the adhesion effect of the vibrator, according to the present invention butted the stop member against the underside of the string. Accordingly, a second vibration of the string occurs with y more different Timbre on «

(5) The mechanism comprises a keyboard and an arrangement for reciprocating the keyboard to remove the links from the string in spite of the adhesion. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, the keyboard mechanism is not mounted on the bed of the instrument, but is mounted on a separate keyboard bed or panel which is attached at each end to the bed of the instrument by individual screws or rods, one The oversized washer surrounds the screw and is located between the instrument bed and the keyboard bed. The discs allow the keyboard bed to move a little forwards or backwards . move, a Vorochiebeotauge forms a handle for the player, (inn TiUJta turbo tu obwau to move, duo serves dom 3 we eic, aLLüq> L ± g. JlaLbuu ^ jyUmitoren von den üaifcen

QBKälNAL INSPECTED

aui ^{1 to take off} once, and at the same time to ground. The virinnig adhesion of the vibrators is prevented. These differences, which were especially noticed at higher notes, occur when the instrument has not been played for a while and the vibrators are in their normal position on the strings.

(6) The ϊοη. depends not only on the force used to make the strings vibrate, but also on. the au α _t -e optionally th. mechanism responsive on the on the vibrations of the strings, to generate the musical notes, au. This is traditionally achieved with keyboard instruments of this type by means of a soundboard. It is also known to use microphones and individual magnetic pickups for each string of the instrument. use. According to another aspect of a specific embodiment of the invention, a particular type of magnetic receptacle is selected, the arrangement of the receptacle determining the quality of the son of the instrument. In particular, a pair of magnetic flux plates have a magnetic plastic material disposed therebetween. A coil of wire is wound around this magnetic material. This so limited recording extends over a plurality of strings, for example five or six and a group of recording devices are electrically connected in series to a suitable amplifier device.

When the instrument is assembled for the first time, it is desirable individually the receiving facilities with the help of the

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To be arranged in order to achieve the desired sound quality of. the liability procedure, for making the strings vibrate, too. receive th.

The invention is intended below, for example, on the basis of the. "attached drawings are explained in more detail. In the drawings, demonstrate:

Pig, Fig. 1 is a perspective top view of a musical instrument according to the invention;

Pig * 2 is a plan view of the Pig instrument. 1, with the top plate removed;

Pig. 3A and 3B: Views of the magnetic. Receiving facility in the Pig embodiment. 1;

Pig. 4 · a partially schematic representation of the pestilence the instrument strings and the series connection of the recording devices according to the design Pig. 1;

Pig «5 the representation of a single wire of the instrument according to Pig. 1, where the wire is between the voting and savings fund extends;

Pig, 6 a side view of a single one. Embodiment button after Pig. 1;

Pig, 7A, 7B, 70 and 7D: views of the vibrators of particular ones different embodiments of the invention, all in the musical instrument after Pig. 1 can be used;

Pig. 8 is a side view of the slidable. Keyboard beds

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along with the sliding rod, as in the Instrument according to Figure 1 is provided;

9 is an enlarged view of a single wire with an associated actuator installed in the musical instrument according to Pig · 1 and other embodiments the invention is applicable; and

10 shows a modification of the actuating mechanism, a double-acting button being provided, which is shown in FIG the musical instrument after Pig. 1 can be provided.

In Pig. 1 shows a musical instrument according to the invention which has a single manual or keyboard 10 »Das The instrument is shown with the lid in place and a first lid flap extends over the keyboard 10 and a second cover flap that closes the front of the instrument. The keyboard 10 is higher above the floor 13 of the instrument arranged than is usual for keyboard instruments. The reason for this embodiment is that the keys Above the strings are arranged, v / ie best from Pig. 6 and the voting pins are under the keyboard located behind the voting pin strip. 14 »the easy one can be removed to provide access to the voting pins KLi. enable,

Dio Τίί .j tu door 10 extends, see, between the two sides v / LiruLüu 16, 17 ". Adjacent to the at υ one / and 17 iut a

ge ZO and is located in one of two 9098 4 0/0216 ■

lungs held by a bolt, or pin 21, which is The push rod 20 extends through the side wall 17 and their puncture is described below with reference to]? ig, 8 will be explained.

Inside the instrument are in 'compliance · with the special Embodiment arranged individual strings 23, as in the top view of the instrument according to Fig. 2, v / o the cover 11 has been removed can be seen. As 3? Ig, 5 shows, runs each string 23 from a tuning pin 25 "located below the keyboard 10 via a bridge 69" shown in FIG 3? Ig »6, and the web 27 to a clamping post 30 of the clamping bracket 29 back over the webs 27 and 69 to the neighboring one Tuning pen 25 · Accordingly, two adjacent tones are determined by a wire; however, the two can be separate The strings or ropes of the wire that determine the two tones can be individually tuned without affecting the adjacent tone, which is also determined by the same wire, although the strings are under relatively little tension,

While the clamping post 30 is shown in a clamping bracket 29 the same result can only be achieved 'by drilling adjacent holes in the clamp and pulling it through' de α wire through two! holes for the two strings. 23,

By referring again to Ji ¹ Ig, 2, it should be noted that there is no provision for a floor-mounted roof with this instrument

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is, as it is "customary with! keyboard instruments the tones generated by the uniform adhesive effect, such as is to be described below in this particular Execution forra caught by electro-magnetic transducers and fed to an amplifying device (not shown). A multitude of individual transformers, äiey as am can best be seen from Fig. 3, there are over a number of. Strings. 25. The lon. of the instrument depends on the arrangement of these transducers 33 along the strings 23 and each should advantageously be arranged relative to the bridge 27, depending on the character of the harmony for the particular type of tone desired, each transformer 33 extends in in such a way advantageous over five or six strings. Furthermore, the transducers 33 overlap, so that two adjacent Transformer energized can be v / grounded by the same string. In this particular. Embodiment where the manual 10 61 keys has, twelve transformers 33 are provided, each extending over five strings 23 with the exception of the. first Transmitter that responds to the highest notes and that extends over six strings.

Each transducer or magnetic pickup 33 comprises more advantageously Way a magnetic material, for example a magnetic plastic, which has the ability to produce the desired magnetic field too. generate and between two flow directional steel plates 36, 37, the whole being held together as a unit by screws 38. The unit itself is supported by a handle 39 from the bottom 13 of the

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Instruments held., On. which it through. Screws 40 attached is. The units can, also from. a support rail over the The strings hang down.

A variety of. Turns of wires 42, for example only 25 turns are around the magnetic material between the. Plates. 36, 37 wound to form a coil. These turns. 42 are connected in series by wires 43 and the series is in turn connected to an amplifier. While in the embodiment according to Fig * 2 all coils. 42 in series with a single. Amplifiers shown, it may also be advantageous to split the coils 42 into two sections, for higher and lower notes, and each section with a separate one. To connect amplifier equipment and loudspeakers.

Like Pig. 4 shows, it is further advantageous to ground the bridge 27 like the amplifier, so that the strings 23 themselves are electrical Form a grounding grid.

The special key action in accordance with one aspect the invention, which gives the instrument uniform tonal properties, gives is in Pig. 6, which shows a single key 50 used by. a key bed for a swivel movement is worn, as is customary with keyboard instruments. In particular, the buttons are on a curved one. Swivel rail 53 pivotably mounted on a swivel bracket 54, with a swivel bolt 55 from. the bracket 54 by an enlarged Slot in. Of key 50 extends as is known in the art

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191067t

Heard an inevitable return of the load 50 will achieved by a compression spring 57 which is arranged between the key 50 and a bracket 58 which is attached to the key bed is.

The pivoting movement of the key about the pin 55 is limited by a limiting finger 60, which is located under the key between a first mushroom pocket 64 on the key bed 51 and a second mushroom pocket 62 on a stop 63 mounted on the Key bed 51 moves,

It should be noted that, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, the key bed 51 is not firmly attached to the bottom 13 of the instrument is attached, but something is movable itself. In particular it is connected at its ends, adjacent to the side walls 16, 17, by a screw 65, which is enlarged by a Washer 66 extends to two keybed mounting blocks 67 which are themselves secured to the floor 13 at each end of the Keyboard are attached, with the one side block 67 broken away is to show the location of the bar 69 mounted on the bed 13.

The strings 23 run from the tuning pin 25 in the tuning pin block 68 under the keys, as explained above, over the! Tut or the second web 69 and between the Keybed mounting blocks 67 and keybed 51,

In accordance with a primary aspect of the invention, the string neither plucked like a spinet nor struck through

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a hammer like "on a piano or through a stick like." "With a clavichord; rather, there is an even effect here provided to vibrate the strings. This effect as well as other aspects of the present invention give to the. (Keyboard instrument its unusual tone, in particular. In]? Ig. 6 can be seen that in the normal position before a Key is played, on the string 23 a vibrator 70 rests, which serves both to set the string 23 in vibration, when the button is pressed, and also to dampen the vibration when the button is released »

The vibrator 70, which is attached to the En.de 71 of the key 50 may have any of a number of particular shapes and forms, such as those shown in Figures 7A, 7B, 70 and 7D are shown. Each of these embodiments has in common that the vibrator has an outer surface which applies sufficient adhesion to the string 23 in order to close the string lift · The vibrator is also sufficiently soft, either through the part carrying the adhesive material or through a separate one Link to dampen the vibration without making an additional sound. In. each example can be the length of part of the Vibrator 70 may only be in the range of 1/4 to 3/8 of an inch along the wire. '

The vibrator 70 after]? Ig. 7A, which is the in Pig, shown in Figure 6, comprises a section of sponge rubber 73, the lower part of which is coated with a thin layer of an adhesive 74 ir.it. The rigidity can be achieved

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the. by brushing the long side of the vibrator with a Varnish, glue or other material that stiffens the v / oak sponge rubber after drying. The layer of glue can be very thin, e.g. only in the range from 1/16 to 1/32 of a target »

If more stiffness is desired, it can. a. Vibrator 7OB according to Pig. 7B are used where the sponge rubber 73 is designed differently and the lacquer layer 75 is applied on both sides.

In. two embodiments according to the Pig. 7A and 7B can, the Adhesive be a rubber solution or any other adhesive that retains its adhesive properties and does not harden. Many such adhesives are known nowadays and are used for various purposes. Purposes used, for example for window sealing. The adhesive serves to lift the strings 23 against their natural tension. The string rises until the tension in the string overcomes the tensile force of the adhesive; at. At this point the string loosens and begins to vibrate. E3 it should be noted that the string is not particularly through biasing the vibrator 70 resting on it or pushing it downward. Instead, the vibrator just rests the string and sticks. this due to the adhesive properties of the adhesive layer 74, while the string is in its normal, is not in a tensioned position. Different adhesives produce tones with different timbres.

The sponge rubber 73 serves to soften the string. dampen,

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when the load is released and the vibrator 70 returns, to come to rest on the still vibrating string.

In the Pig. 70, the body 76 of the vibrator 700 is made of a solid material, for example wood, and on the bottom surface of the body 76 a first layer comprising a rubber pad 77 and a second layer 74 of an adhesive are arranged. As explained above, the adhesive 74 serves to grasp and lift the string 23 through the adhesive or the adhesiveness, so that it is caused to vibrate. The rubber pad 77 serves instead of the sponge rubber body 73 to soften the damping of the string. design. The rubber pad can be several times larger than the adhesive layer, such as on the order of 1/8 inch thick, depending on the particular one selected. Material. However, care must be taken in determining the thickness of the pad 77. If the pad is too thick, the pad itself has a tendency to expand when the vibrator is lifted by depressing the key, thereby preventing the string 23 from immediately lifting up by the plastic layer. If, however, the rubber cushion too. is thin, then when the vibrator 70 returns, strikes the string 23 to strike it. dampen, the vibrator is too hard and acts as a hammer and generates an additional vibration.

In each embodiment according to the Pig. 7A, 7B and 70 was that Adhesive effect of the vibrator a surface effect due to the

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Adhesive property of the selected. Materials, however, there are too Materials that remain in sufficient quality during use to allow the string to sink into and off the material this is surrounded. In the Pig embodiment, 7P is a. such vibrator 7OD shown where the body 76D again is made of wood. In this embodiment, a material 78 layered over the bottom, and advantageously partially over the sides, of the body 76, the material from the group originates, which includes sealing connections (Caulkin.g connections), which allow the string to sink into and adhere to the layer. Because of this effect, the string becomes lifted again and caused to vibrate by the adhesive effect. It may be desirable in this embodiment to have a separate attenuator, such as a mushroom finger 79, attached to body 76D.

As has been explained above, a sliding rod 20 can be seen adjacent to the side wall 17 in Pig, FIG. The purpose and the The operation of this rod will be explained below with reference to Pig, 8. As can be seen, that is The rod 20 is screwed into the branch bed 51 or firmly attached to it in some other way. This bed 5'1 can have a small Perform sliding movement, if, stand 20 as it is through the arrows 80 indicated iot, is moved to either side of the bolson 21 attached to side wall 17. The end of the Llolaens 21 is π i directly at. the rod 20, and the bar has enough lateral flexibility, that is it can be brought to one of the pages of Bolaen 21,

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- Ίβ -

The bed 51 is secured by two screws 65 at each end of the bed mounted on zv / ei bed mount side blocks 67 that again firmly held by the bottom 13. A disk Oversized 66 allows screw 65 to move a little while allowing bed 51 to slide or pivot slightly. The shifting movement can be so small be that the handle of the rod 20 itself moves only a quarter or a half inch, that is, one Side of the bolt 21 to the other.

Because the influence depends on the adhesive properties of the vibrator 70 which, when no load is depressed, sits on string 23 when the instrument is not in use, There may be a tendency for the strings to stick to the vibrators more than they would while playing the instrument is desirable and the degree of adhesion can be different for the individual vibrators and strings. Accordingly Before playing the instrument, it is desirable that all Vibrators are removed from the strings at the same time. This can be achieved by placing the rod 20 on the front of the bolt 21 is moved (away from that shown in Figure 8 Position), which causes the glued load bed 51 to be slightly is moved, with all of the. Strings, lifted, is. the Rod can be moved just before the instrument is played is, or if the instrument is not being played, the Load the rod in the position so that the vibrators, except contact with don. Strings raised at this time, aixid.

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In the embodiments as described in particular in reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D, the adhesive whirling results from the material on the vibrator 70. In FIG. Consistency with another aspect of the present. According to the invention, this adhesive effect can be brought about by an adhesive coating 95 »which is applied to the string 23, as described in Pig. y is shown. Here, the vibrator 70 can be made of a solid material, for example wood, with a layer 94 immediately adjacent to the string 23. This layer 94 is used to dampen the string, if the vibrator 70 as well. the string returns, as well as a quick gripping, through the adhesive layer 95 ·

The layer 94 can consist of a sponge rubber or a poly foam cushion. The material of layer 94 should be soft, but not too. fibrous like I ¹ Uz or cellular, as these materials have a tendency to break out and on. the adhesion layer 95 of the string 23 to get caught.

In this embodiment of the invention, the link 70 is actual not an actuator or vibrator, as actually the main element for causing the vibration, in or on the string is trained by himself. The adhesion layer 95 can consist of various Glues exist, depending on the one you want Tone character. A thin layer of rubber-based adhesive gave very good effects and very good results Clay, furthermore, the coating 95 does not need to be used any longer. aein as the width of the associated link 70 with which it

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works together.

In a modification of the Me clianism of excitement, used in some of the embodiments described apply can, a double-acting load is provided that is controllable by the force with which the player operates the button. ¥ ie Pig · 10 shows, the vibrator shown there is the vibrator 7OC according to]? Ig, 70, which comprises a wooden body 76 and an outer adhesive layer 74 and an inner rubber layer 77 · In addition, a bolt 32 extends outwardly from the key end 71. the end 71 and then at an angle down to string 23A rubber rod 83 is attached to bolt 82 attached, which extends at an angle to the side surface of the string 23. A metal driver is again at the bottom End of the rubber rod 83 attached and is usually located under the string 23 at a right angle,

When the key 50 is pressed normally or softly, the vibrator lifts the string 23 and vibrates it the adhesion effect described above, whereby the driver 84 upwards, but not against, the string 23 "lifted “If, however, the key 50 is pressed hard or suddenly When the player is depressed, the vibrator is suddenly lifted up. This sudden movement is sufficient to cause the rubber rod 83 to snap slightly upwards, whereby the driver 84 against the underside of the string 23 is lifted will and a second. Attack on the tone there, the generated by the string.

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In both cases, the string is dampened when, the player lets go of the load and the vibrator returns to rest on the string.

While the embodiments described above only on one A manual instrument has been explained, several manuals can also be provided. A second manual can be provided in which the loads are placed under the strings and a linkage can be provided: v / earth to the vibrators with the adhesion effect according to the invention over the strings to arrange. In the same way, a second Taatenbloek be placed above the second keyboard and within the main body of the instrument, as in a spinet and in Pianos, rather than under a! Keyboard, as described above.

If a third manual is desired, its tuning block can be placed at the outer end of the string where the Spannbügelx ^ the embodiment described above dargeatellt

While a separate bridge web and tension web are shown, feeidez 'can be combined in a single rope and the bridge 3-way seibat serves as a tensioning bar, since none Pins are required and the wire extends straight through and around the tensioning post, making two adjacent strings determined by a single wire,

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While cushioning or felt pads are not shown, can also be arranged on the strings between the bridge bar and the tension bar, advantageously adjacent to the bridge as it is known ".

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Claims (7)

Musical instrument with a vibration element, for example a string, and a mechanism to make this element vibrate su displace, characterized in that the mechanism comprises a member (70) which is normally on the element (23) rests and that the limb adheres to the element, so that when the member is lifted due to the adhesion, the element is lifted at the same time and then vibrates is relocated, if the adhesive tensile force is overcome, will, 2. Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism has a device (Pig. 6) for lifting the limb and that the member comprises at least a part of resilient material (75 »77) for damping the vibrating element and an outer surface (74) with adhesion properties. having, 3. Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism comprises means (Pig. 6) for lifting the link and that the link comprises at least one. Part (94) of resilient material for damping the vibrating element (23) and the adhesion of the member to the element by a layer of adhesive (95) on the vibrating element xvird. 4. Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism has a device (Fig. 6) for lifting, des Member comprises and that the member has a body (76D) 909840/02 16 having solid material on which a layer (78) of a soft, flexible material is attached, in which the Yibra ti ons element one inlet, in order to be surrounded by the material when the link rests on the element. 5. Musical instrument according to one of the previous ones. Expectations, characterized in that the mechanism also includes a follower (04) flexibly attached (33) to the link and normally extends under the vibrating element " 6. Musical instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism comprises a keyboard (50, 51, etc.) and an arrangement (20, 66, etc.) for moving the keyboard to the limbs of. remove the string * 7. A musical instrument according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of strings $ e is associated with a mechanism for setting into vibration, characterized in that the mechanism comprises a keyboard bed (51) which supports the keyboard and that a sliding arrangement (20, 66, etc.) .) moves the keyboard bed to remove all links from all strings at the same time. 0, musical instrument according to one of the preceding claims, in which a multitude of strings is assigned a mechanism for in-vibration Verification, thereby marked. net that the vibrations of the strings are recorded by an electronic recording device, which a plurality 909840 / 02T6 " from. Receiving elements (33) comprises, each having a magnetic member. between flux guide plates. (36, 37) and one waved around it Coil (42), the magnetic member and the coil extending at right angles to and across a plurality from. Strings extend, the receiving elements connected in series with a "known YerStärkeinrichtung" are and the recording elements are arranged individually along the strings are, depending on the desired (Eon effect, 909840/0216 e e r s e it