DE1906793A1 - Engine operated by fluid pressure - Google Patents

Description

, E. SPLANEMANN GASES 5 * • OOO MUNICH Q 1306 G. J. JUDGE - ThMfintnfrae S / 34 6- R. SPLANEMANN T ^ rammil'lnvtnHw Al Where PATENT LAWYERS HAMIUHG 1906793 DIPL..ING, - tOnditfl DIPL.-IN DIPL . - 1 NG. MOMCHEN

Fii.wa

BUTTÜRWORTH HYDRAULIC DBVELOPMLIiTS LIMITEDi

Manchester, Kn ^ land Patent application

Engine operated by fluid pressure

The invention relates to a fluid pressure operated motor with an axially displaceable device in a piston cylinder mounted piston, whose axial movement through the outlet of the fluid aut a pressure chamber connected to it is made possible, which decreases in volume during the axial movement of the piston.

Brfindungegeaäß is formed such a motor to, that the pressure chamber old connected to a control port ie Kolbensylinder or connectable iet over wtloht dat Strömungsaittel aua can iioh entweiohen In the volume reducing pressure chamber, that the control port duroh an extension of the piston is controlled, whereby during the axial movement of the piston in the direction of movement that reduces the volume of the pressure chamber.

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gives way to this control opening through the piston «» Extension. Is closed in order to prevent the To block fluid from the pressure chamber and stop the piston at the end of its stroke.

The motor is preferably designed so that a plurality of openings are provided in an axially extending region of the piston-cylinder, which are controlled by the piston extension, so that a device is provided for selecting the openings through which one or more . Openings in the area can be selected as control openings for connection to the outlet, and that this area of openings is controlled by the piston extension in such a way that the end of the piston stroke is determined by the closing of the selected opening or "openings through the piston extension" by selection one or more of the axially spaced openings can change the effective position of the control opening in the piston cylinder in the axial direction and thus the position in which the movement of the piston by closing the control opening or control openings and the consequent blockage of the outflow path we finished d (da h. the end of the piston stroke is adjustable).

In a preferred embodiment of the motor, the piston is able to perform a reciprocating movement in its cylinder, in that two pressure chambers are provided, one of which can alternately decrease or increase in volume during the reciprocating movement of the piston, while the other at the same time alternately increase in volume Ihto. can reduce the fact that the piston has a piston enlargement which opens and bottom-out of wet bit axially spaced apart control openings

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in the piston cylinder controls that a first pressure chamber during the reduction of their volume under the influence of the piston movement in an axial direction of movement via a first one controlled by the piston extension Control port emptied and the end of the piston stroke in this direction of movement by closing the first control opening is determined by the piston expansion, and that the second pressure chamber during the Reduction of their volume under the influence of the piston movement in the other axial direction of movement. the second control opening controlled by the piston extension can be emptied, the end of the piston stroke in this direction of movement through the closing this second control opening is determined by the piston enlargement »

Duroh such a construction will spring on the piston The end of its stroke is stopped when the control opening, through which the pressure chamber, which is decreasing in the volume, is emptied, is closed by the piston extension.

Advantageously, the piston has two axially spaced extensions which, together with the piston cylinder, form an outlet chamber which can be connected to the pressure chamber, which is decreasing in volume, during the axial movement of the piston. Preferably, the decreasing volume pressure chamber with the discharge chamber through an inlet port connected in the piston cylinder, which is in constant communication with the discharge chamber and arranged in the axial direction between the two control openings "The first control orifice is formed by a first piston extension and the second control opening controllable by the second piston extension in such a way "that its connection to the outlet chamber is alternately open or closed."

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connections are arranged in such a way "that during the and. Moving piston movement at least one or the other of these control openings in connection with the Outlet chamber stands, the first pressure chamber being reduced in volume via the outlet chamber and the first The control opening can be emptied and the end of the piston stroke in the first axial direction by closing the first control port is determined by the first piston extension, while the second pressure chamber at their Volume reduction via the outlet chamber and the second Control port is drainable and the end of the piston stroke in the opposite axial direction through the Closing the second control opening is determined by the second piston widening, wherein a valve device is provided, v / elohe blocks the connection between the second control opening and the outlet and the connection between in a first operating position the first control port and the outlet opens when the piston moves in the first axial direction and in a second operating position the connection blocks between the first control port and the outlet and the connection between the second control port and the outlet opens when the piston moves in the opposite direction of movement.

The engine according to the invention, in which the piston can perform a reciprocating movement, can be of the type known as a double-acting piston-cylinder unit. In order to create such a unit, one pressure chamber can alternately be connected to the fluid pressure ^ wH, the outlet and the other pressure chamber can be connected to the outlet at the same time and alternately. the fluid pressure o For this purpose, according to a further advantageous feature, the motor is provided with a further valve device, in the first operating position of which the second pressure chamber with the pressurized fluid and the first

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Pressure chamber with the outlet Can be connected via the first control opening while in its second operating position the first pressure chamber with the pressurized fluid and the second pressure chamber with the second control opening. can be connected to the outlet, the reciprocating movement of the piston in its cylinder being brought about by moving the second valve device from its first to its second operating position _y and vice versa preferably coupled to one another so that they can be switched from their first to their second "operating position" and vice versa at the same time fcriebsatell and at the other end of its stroke in the mentioned second operating position brings _o

It can be seen that in the case of the double-acting device it is necessary to achieve a continuous back and forth forward movement of the piston is required, the Ventileinriohtung and the further Ventlleinriohtung alternately and simultaneously between their first and to switch to their second operating position. Preferably, the first valve device and the other Ventileinriohtung controlled by the position of the piston in its cylinder, so that when sioh the piston is at the end of its stroke in one axial direction of movement or is approaching this end, the first Ventileinriohtung and the other Ventileinriohtung at the same time from their first operating position to their second operating position are switched, and that then, when the piston is at the end of its stroke in the opposite direction opposite axial direction of movement is or nearing this end, the first valve device

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and the other valve equipment on the same side their second division of operations to be switched to their first operating position. To this end can das.Kolbenschieberventil are operated by fluid pressure, so that the piston valve by a alternating connection of one or more slide chambers of the piston slide valve with the one under pressure standing fluid or the outlet is reversed 9, for example, as in a piston slide valve preloaded under pressure or a double-acting piston slide valve. Advantageously, will the connection of the pressurized fluid or the outlet with the piston valve chamber or the piston slide chambers through a shuttle valve controlled »which is operatively connected to the piston, so that at each end of the piston stroke the shuttle valve is switched over to the piston valve from to reverse one end of its stroke to the other (and vice versa) to reverse the direction of movement to cause the piston.

Although the engine according to the invention with a back and forth The foregoing piston can be provided with a non-adjustable stroke of fixed length, is in another AusfUhrungsform according to the invention the engine with a reciprocating pistons and two Druokkanmern provided, with a ^ Ejade or both ends of the piston stroke, in the axial direction relatively sum Kolbensyllnder are adjustable »so that the axial long · of the piston stroke and / or the effective position at which the Piston changes its direction of movement, can be adjusted by predefined axial distances »With a Engine construction in which the end of the piston stroke fixed in the opposite direction of movement by the fixed arrangement of the second control opening can be provided in an axial Benloh openings la KoI-benzylinder as well as connected outlets

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selection means "is selectable by means of which at least one opening of the range as the first control port for connection to the outlet, and wherein the end of the piston stroke in the one axial direction is determined by _r that the selected aperture or selected apertures of the area duroh the Kolbenerwei" esterification closed be _a It may be desirable that both ends of the Kolbenhübea are adjustable in the axial direction, it can be provided in such a case, a second section axially spaced openings in Kolbezizylinder, and a second associated selection device for the openings through which at least one opening ia the second area can be selected as a second control opening for connection to the outlet, and wherein the end of the piston stroke in the opposite axial direction is determined by the fact that the selected opening or openings of the second area through the piston enlargement G be closed *

Preferably and especially danrij when the engine is at Machine tools are to be used, only one has to be of the two control openings © »can be changed in the axial direction. Such a construction is of considerable value when applied to machine tools, because a cutting tool such as a comb steel is often arranged on the piston for reciprocating movement and it is often desired is to have a fixed »non-adjustable position in which the tool is always at one end of the piston stroke movly and a given, but adjustable Position in which the tool always moved at the other end of the piston stroke

At a Hotor, where a precaution for axial adjustment of one or both ends of the piston stroke is made, it is necessary to regulate the

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position of the first valve device and the other Valve device from its first to its second operating position and vice versa required, with the selected end or the selected ends of the piston stroke to be kept in phase, and preferably adjusting means for the changeover timing are ineffective connect with this first valve device and the further valve device, whereby when a Adjustment of the axial position of one or both ends of the piston stroke is carried out, an automatic adjustment takes place at the timing of the two valve devices between their operating positions in phase with the selected end or ends of the piston stroke. When the end of the piston stroke which is axially adjustable in one axial direction, the adjustment means for the order » Control time for simultaneous adjustment be connected to the selection means through which the first Control opening is selected · The arrangement of the setting means for the changeover time is selected in such a way that one of the selection means for the Off · * Adjustments made to adjust the axial position, in which in the one axial direction of movement the The end of the stroke of the piston is to occur, at the same time an adjustment of the setting means for the changeover time of the two valve units between their first operating position and their second operating position causes, so that the reversal of the two Ventileinriohtungen in Phaee with the end of the piston stroke in the one axial direction remains · When the ends of the Piston stroke can be adjusted in both axial directions, second adjustment means can still be used for the The changeover time must be functionally connected to the two valve devices · The second setting means for the changeover time are to the same side Setting coupled with the wide selection means for the openings and the arrangement of the «toeiton Sin-

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Adjusting means for the changeover time are made in such a way that the axial position at which this second selection means is set the linde of the piston stroke should occur in the opposite axial direction, at the same time a Adjustment of the Umateuerzeitpunkta causes at which the two valve devices from this second Operating position can be switched to their first operating position, so that the reversal of the two valve devices in phase with the end of the piston stroke remains in the opposite axial direction

It can be seen that stopping the piston at the end or ends of its stroke can be very difficult, especially if the piston itself is a heavy load or carries such a load. "" Palis it is necessary Orifice, nozzle Od ₀ like *, can be incorporated into the motor so that the pressure chamber or a pressure chamber can come into contact with the outlet via the flow resistance when its volume is reduced which the pressure chamber, which is decreasing in volume, is emptied, is closed by the piston enlargement, maintains a connection with the outlet via the flow resistance in order to dampen the stroke end of the piston are used to form a double acting device, it is preferred that each pressure kkammer is in communication with the outlet via a flow resistance when the volume is reduced, and the further valve device is arranged in such a way that in its first operating position it establishes a connection between the first pressure chamber and the outlet via a flow resistance and in the two-

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th malfunction establishes a connection between the second pressure chamber and the outlet via another Flow resistance, causing both ends of the piston stroke to be dampened "

Based on the following description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention shown in the drawing this is explained in more detail »

It shows:

1 shows an axial section through a fluid according to the invention

pressure operated motor »in which the reciprocating movement of the Piston is controlled by a piston slide valve and the position of the stroke end of the piston in an axial Direction is adjustable relative to the piston cylinder,

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the motor shown in Fig. 1, in which the positions of the both ends of the piston stroke are adjustable relative to the piston cylinder,

Fig. 3 shows a further modification of the engine shown in Fig. 1, in which the piston has a fixed length stroke and the reversal of the piston slide at the end of the piston stroke is controlled by a valve device «which in sucked up the piston and cylinder is,

Fig «, 4- yet another modification of the in Figo 1 shown engine, in which one end of the piston stroke in the axial

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Direction is adjustable and means are provided through which the reversal of the piston slide can be carried out at the end of the piston stroke, so that the reversal of the spool and piston is kept in phase, and

a modification of the engine shown in Fig. 2, in which both ends of the Piston stroke can be adjusted in the axial direction and gowns are provided are, through which the reversal of the piston valve at the ends of the Piston stroke can be carried out, so that the reversal of both the piston slide and the piston is kept in phase.

As far as possible in the following description identical parts in each figure with the same reference number chen marked

The motor shown comprises a piston 1, which is axially movable in a piston cylinder 2 formed in a housing 3. The piston 1 extends at each end through seals from the housing. The piston cylinder 2 is provided with a truncated bore, wherein a flange is arranged in the bore portion 2a 4- old larger diameter displaceable, which is formed in one piece with the piston. One end face of the flange 4 and the adjacent end part of the cylinder part 2a with a larger diameter together form a pressure chamber 5 and the other end face of the flange 4 and the adjoining end part of the bore section

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2a with a larger diameter together form a further pressure chamber 6α.It can be seen that when the chamber 5 is pressurized and the chamber 6 is emptied at the same time, the piston 1 will move in the axial direction to the right in the drawing, and that when the chamber 6 is pressurized and simultaneous emptying of the chamber 5 the piston is moved in the axial direction to the left in the drawing * so that the mechanism is effective as a double-acting piston-cylinder unit _e The piston 1 is provided with an annular recess, which sttsamraen ηύΛ the piston cylinder 2 an outlet karamer 7. Forms, wherein the axial length of the outlet chamber 7 by a Paas? etacn the axial distance from each other having piston extensions 8 and 9 is limited «

The engine further comprises a spool valve, indicated generally at 10, in which a stepped spool 11 is slidably disposed to move axially in a stepped bore slide cylinder 12 which is advantageously formed in the housing 3. The piston valve 11 is arranged in its cylinder in such a way that the cable with the smaller diameter of the piston valve is arranged in the part with the smaller diameter of the valve cylinder and the piston valve part with the larger diameter is arranged in the cylinder bore of the valve cylinder with the larger bore «The smaller-diameter end 13 of the piston valve together with one end part of the valve cylinder 12 forms a pressure chamber 14 with constant pressure and the end 15 of the piston valve with a larger diameter forms a pressure chamber 16 with changing pressure with the other end of the valve cylinder 12. The piston slide is provided with five piston-like extensions 17 to 21, which together with the slide valve cover a range of

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The transmission chambers 22 to 25, which are axially spaced from one another, form the transmission chamber 22 is in constant communication with the outlet via a channel 26 in the housing 3 and the transmission chambers 23 and 25 are each in constant communication with the outlet Outlet via flow resistances I) EWo 28, which are arranged in channels 29 and 30 in housing 3 o The valve chamber 14 with constant pressure can be connected to a source of a fluid under constant pressure via a channel 31 and the transfer chamber 24 is connected to the valve chamber 14 at a constant pressure through an internal passage 32 which passed through the piston slide ^{i3 t "so} that the transfer chamber is always common with the chamber 14 under pressure _β the spool chamber 16 with alternating pressure can be from" partly through a channel 33 having a Source of a hydraulic flow under constant pressure a = · by means of and connected to the outlet so that when the chamber 14 is under pressure, when the chamber 16 is connected to the outlet, the piston slide 11 moves in the axial direction of its preload, i.e. to the right in the drawing, while when the pressure chamber 16 alternates pressure is connected to the source of pressurized hydraulic Strömungemittels, the piston slide 11 in the axial Kichtung against its biasing, d _o h. to the left in the drawing. It can be seen that the spool valve 11 can be reciprocated intermittently or continuously when the chamber is alternately connected to the pressurized fluid and the outlet

The pressure chambers. 5 and 6 are connected to the piston valve cylinder 12 via channels 34 and 35, respectively, which sieve through axially spaced openings 36 and 37 in the valve cylinder

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12 open _β The openings 36 and 37 are arranged in such a way that at the end of the piston valve stroke in the direction of its preloading the opening 36 is connected to the via tragua & skaoiBier 55 and the opening 37 to the transfer skamaer 24 (as shown). The openings 36 and 37 are respectively controlled by the piston slides 19 and 20, so that when the piston slider is moved to the opposite end of its stroke in the direction against its preload, the swivel widening 19 opens the opening 36 closes and it reopens to transfer chamber 24 and at the same time the widened sight 20 closes opening 37 and reopens it to transfer chamber 25. Transfer chambers 23 and 25 are continuously connected to one another and to piston cylinder 2 by channels 33 and 39. As shown, iat the channel 39 is expediently a side branch of the channel 38. The channel 38 opens sion into the piston cylinder 2 via an inlet port 40, we lche is in constant communication with the outlet chamber 7 _o '

There are control openings 41 and 42 in the piston cylinder 2 (Figo 1} arranged, which is an axial distance of the inlet port 40 and in the axial direction arranged on both sides of the inlet port 40 sinäö The control port 42 is by a piston extension 9 during the reciprocating movement of the piston controlled, so that it is either closed by this piston extension 9 or in ate Auslaßkataiser 7 opens. Likewise, the control opening 41 is duroa the piston extension 8 controlled during the piston movement so that it can either be through this extension 8 is closed or opened into the outlet chamber 7 aioh

The control opening 42 is connected to the slide cylinder 12 via a channel 43 and opens into the Slide cylinder through an opening 44 ". The opening 44

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let arranged so that when the piston valve at the end of its stroke in the direction of its preload is located, the opening with the transfer chamber 22 is in communication (as shown) »The opening 44 is through the slide extension 18 in such a way controlled that when the piston slide moves against its bias and at the end of its stroke is reached, the opening 44 through the extension 18 closed is. The control opening 41 is via a channel 45 with a chamber 46, one generally with 47 designated selection device in connection «The chamber 46 is constantly in communication with a line 48, which in turn is connected to the slide cylinder 12. and opens into this via an opening 49, the opening 49 is arranged such that when you see the Piston valve 11 opposite to that of my preload directed end of its stroke, the opening opens into the transmission chamber 22 o The opening 49 is controlled by a piston slide extension 17 in such a way that when the piston slide is in Moved towards his preload and at the end of his Stroke has arrived in this direction, the opening 49 is closed by the slide extension 17 (as shown). The openings 44 and 49 have one opposite the axial distance between the sliding area extensions 17 and 18 enlarged axial distance so that the two openings 44 and 49 are not simultaneously with the Transfer chamber 22 are in communication.

The selection device 47 for the openings advantageously comprises a cylindrical part 50 which rotates inside a hoof-like body 51 is adjustable about its axis. The part 50 is on its surface with an ice recess 52 in the form of a Ring section provided, which recess together with the inner cylindrical wall of the sleeve-like Part 51 forms a chamber 46A plurality (in the-

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Sera trap four) of channels 45, 48, 53 and 54 lead through the sleeve to the cylindrical part 50 and are connected to this in an area distributed over the circumferential direction so that a rotation of the gylinö. they just part 50 of the channel 48 via the chamber only with the channel 45 or both with the channel 45 and with the channel 53 or with the channels 45 * .53 and can be in connection ₀ other constructions for. the selection device 47 can be used, for example an adjustable spool valve ₀

The control openings 41 and 42 have an enlarged axial distance relative to the piston extensions 8 and 9, so that when a control opening is closed off from the outlet chamber 7 by the piston extension assigned to it, the other control opening always with the outlet chamber 7 is in communication "Assuming that only one of the control openings 41 and 42 with the discharge chamber 7 is thus _s in compound may further control port connected to the chamber 7 via the ÜbertragungsSsaaimer 22 and the channel 26 by a suitable position of the piston slide 11 are connected and the piston valve 11 is suitable to control the plus of the pressurized fluid and the outlet from the pressure chambers 5 and 6, so that the piston moves axially in a direction ₈ in which the control opening opened to the outlet chamber 7 subsequently through the piston extension assigned to it is closed while this piston extension is moving in the direction of moved to the opening 40

Bs is now the operation of the explained above in Figure l _o dargestellten'Motors "A source of under constant pressure hydraulic Strömun ^ sfiiittels is connected to the channel 31 UNAE the channels 26, 29, 30 and 33 are connected to the outlet verbundenο The piston valve 11 moves axially in

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Direction of its preload until it strikes the housing 3 at the end of its stroke (as shown). The pressurized hydraulic fluid travels through the channel 32, the transmission chamber 24 nnä the channel 35 into the pressure chamber 6 * The pressure chamber 5 becomes the same over the channel 31-> the transfer chamber 23 'the passage 33, .the off Xaßkammer I ₉ äie control opening 42, the channel 43, the transfer chamber 22 and the channel 26 connected to the outlet. Accordingly, the piston 1 moves axially in the direction of the arrow X _e The control opening 41 is closed in the direction of the outlet because the opening 49 in the slide cylinder 12 is closed by the slide extension 17 »The piston 1 continues to move until the extension 9 separates the opening 42 from the outlet chamber 7, whereby the * connection between the pressure chamber 5 and the outlet is interrupted o This blocks the fluid outlet from the pressure chamber 5 causes the movement of the piston 1 in the direction X regardless of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the pressure chamber 6 sti It can be seen that the stopping of the piston can be hard and therefore the stopping is advantageously dampened by the flow type resistance 27, which is connected to the transfer chamber 23. A hydraulic pressure builds up in the pressure chamber 5 when the control opening is closed and this}? Pressure is gradually diverted through the resistor 27 in order to dampen the stopping of the piston.

For practical purposes it can be found under. Neglecting the fluid effluent are assumed to be the position by the resistance of the following to movement of the piston 1 in the direction X of the piston stroke, in which the extension 9

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Control opening 42 closes. The piston therefore remains in this? Bndlage asines Hubes, up to the pressure chambers 5 and 6 connected to the pressurized fluid and outlet in such a manner that the piston can move axially in the Y direction. This is achieved by an axial movement of the Piston valve 11 reaches its end position at the end of a stroke directed against its preload,

Of the"? Channel 33 is connected to the source of the hydraulic fluid under constant pressure and the pressure in the slide chamber 16 with changing pressure moves the slide against its preload on the transfer carames? 22 “the slide valve 18 closes the opening 44? the slide extension 19 closes the opening 36 and opens it again for connection to the transfer chamber 24 and the slide extension 20 closes the opening 37 and opens it again for connection to the transfer chamber 25 o Pressurized hydraulic fluid can now flow out of the transfer chamber 24 via the opening 36 and the channel 34 pass into the pressure chamber 5, while the pressure chamber 6 via the channel 35, the opening 37, the transfer chamber 25, the channels 39 and 38, the outlet chamber 7 »the control opening 41, the channel 45» the chamber 46, the channel 48, the opening 49 ', the transmission chamber 22 and the channel 26 connected to the outlet istο Accordingly, the piston 1 »caused to move in the axial sighting Y" the opening 42 and the channel 43 remain inoperative until the opening 44 is blocked by the slide extension 18 opposite the outlet »

The piston 1 continues to move in the direction of the arrow

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les Y until the basket extension 8 finally the connection between the control port 41 and the discharge chamber 7 closes off "whereby the connection between üez pressure chamber 6 and the outlet is interrupted and a barrier of the fluid outlet of the pressure hammer 6 enters" which the piston independently of the pressure of the hydraulic flows! ttels in the pressure chamber 5 sets. In a similar manner to the movement of the piston 1 in the direction S, the stopping of the piston is advantageously dampened in that the pressure chamber 6 is connected to the outlet via a fluid resistance and the channel 30. For practical purposes for which the loss of fluid via the resistor 28 is negligible, it can be seen that the end of the piston stroke following a movement of the piston 1 in the Y direction corresponds to the position in which the control opening 41 from its connection with the outlet chamber 7 is separated by the piston extension 8 _e

It is often desirable to adjust the axial length of the stroke of the piston 1 and this is advantageously achieved by providing means by which the position of the control opening 41 can be selected from a range of axially spaced openings the channels 53 and 54 emanating from the selection device 47 are in communication with the piston cylinder 2 and open into the piston cylinder via openings 41a and 41b, respectively. The area of the mouths 41, 41a and 41b is arranged on the side of the opening 40 which faces away from the control opening 42 in the axial direction. As mentioned above, the end of the stroke of the piston 1 will occur following a movement in direction Y, when the opening through which the outlet chamber 7 is connected to the outlet

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In connection with this is closed by the KoI benerweiterung 8. By turning the cylindrical part 50 in the direction of the arrow Z, can the outlet chamber? continue with the Auelaß over the channels 45 and 53 or, if desired, the channels 45> 53 and 54 are connected. It can be seen that the shortest stroke length of the piston 1 is obtained when the channels 53 and 54 through the cylindrical Part 50 are closed and the longest stroke is obtained when channels 48 and 54 are in communication.

In the embodiment shown in Fig * 1 is the the axial length of the stroke of the piston 1 can be adjusted in that a region of openings 41 »41a and 41b is provided and the selection device 47 »Be it can be seen that the position dee Hübendea in Direction X relative sum piston cylinder 2 in the axial Direction is adjustable by connecting the channel 48 with one or more of the openings 41, 41a and 41b with Using the selection device 47 connects, while the position of the piston stroke end in the direction X is relatively sum Piston & ylinder is set and is determined by the piston extension 9, which is the control opening 42 closes. " Ea may be desired, a motor su create, in which the situation of the two pretty women Pistons independently of one another in axial direction relatively sua Piston loader divisible into one and one The construction is explained on the basis of flg Me tore represents.

In Pig. 2 becomes the axial position of the control opening 42 (which is shown in Pig. 1) a range of axially spaced openings are selected, all of which are arranged on the side of the opening 40

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are which in the axial direction from the position of the Area of the openings 41 * 41a, 41b is facing away. In the present example, the control port 42 is actually selected from three ports 42a, 42b and 42o. These openings 42a, 42b and 42c protrude Channels 55 to 57 each associated with a selector, generally designated 58. The selection device 53 is constructed similarly to the one marked with 47 and comprises a cylindrical part 59 "which by rotation Uta its axis inside" " half of a sleeve 60 is adjustable. The part 59 is shaped with a recess 61 on its surface a ring section provided, v / elche together with the inner cylindrical wall de? Sleeve 60 a Chamber 62 formed

The opening 44 in the slide cylinder 12 stands over a » Channel 43a with the selection device 58 and its cam * mer 62 in constant communication <> channels 55 to 57 are passed through the sleeve 60 to sum cylindrical rope 59 and meet this in circumferential direction distributed distances, so dad by rotating the part 59 of the channel 43a over the chamber 62 only with the channel 55 or bit can be connected to the two channels 55 and 56 or to all channels 55 to 57

When the selection device 5c is set as in FIG. 2, the channel 43a is only above the chamber 62 in connection with channel 55. As a result, flows into a movement of the piston 1 in direction X the fluid flowing out of the chamber 5 via the channel 34 » the transmission chamber 23 »the channel 38, the outlet chamber 7, the opening 42a, the channel 55, the chamber 62, the channel 43a, the transfer chamber 22 and the channel 26 sub outlet, and the end of the hubea of the piston in Direction X is reached when the selected and effective control opening 43a through the piston widening

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9 is closed. It can be seen that through appropriate setting of part 59 the end dee Hubes in direction X is determined by the point on which the piston extension 9 is the control opening closes, wherein this control opening can be both the opening 42a or 42b or also 42c see below the possibility of the position of the two end positions of the piston stroke relative to the piston cylinder, the two opening areas 41 »4la, 41b and 42a, 42b, 42c and their associated selectors 47 and 58 are also used to adjust the length of the piston stroke and the actual center of reciprocation relative to the piston cylinder to be determined. The shortest piston stroke is obtained when the channel 48 connects to the channel 45 via the chamber 46 and the channel 43a via the chamber 62 with the channel 55 connected (as shown). The longest stroke of the piston 1 is obtained when the channel 48 over the Chamber 46, with the channel 54 and the channel 43a via the chamber 62, with the channel 57 is connected.

The piston slide 10 is advantageously arranged in such a way that it is automatically reversed at the end of each piston stroke, causing the piston to retreat. This can be done by changing the pressure in the valve chamber 16, which alternately with the Auelaß opening and with dar under constant pressure connected via valve devices) dl « reciprocating · movement of the piston 1 and «in ·, Such an arrangement will be followed and subject to criticism on Fig. 3 explained.

The engine shown in Fig. 3 let with the Auenahne de « similarly shown in Fig. 1 that the openings 41a, 41b and the selection device 47 and the control opening 41 via the channel 45 directly to the opening 49 are absent

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connected is. Accordingly, the piston 1 has a fixed stroke length and the end of the stroke generally in the X direction is determined by the fact that the control port 42 through the piston extension. 9 is closed and the end of the cube ih direction Y is determined by the fact that the Control port 41 is closed by piston extension 8 *

The piston 1 has a further annular recess 63p which is arranged between piston extensions 64 and 65. The recess 62 is arranged in such a way that it comes into connection at the end of the piston stroke in the direction X with help openings 66 and 67 in the piston cylinder 2 and at the end of the Piston stroke iö direction Y with auxiliary openings 68 and 69 also in the piston cylinder o The auxiliary openings 66 and 68 are available via channels 70, 711 72 and J3 with de :? Slide chamber 16 with changing pressure Xn connection _s the opening 67 is via the channel 73 with the source of the ink? Pressurized fluid can be connected and the opening 69 is in communication via the channel 74 with the outlet. The IColbensylinder 2, the ICOI-benerweiterungen 64 ₁ 65 and the Ililfsöffnungen 66 to 69 provide a valve of the type represents "which is known as a piston slide valve, and change its mode of action now be described wirdo

When the piston 1 moves in the X direction, the end of the stroke is determined by the fact that the control opening 42 is closed by the piston extension 9 (as shown). The piston extension 64 is disposed such that the auxiliary opening 66 is opened immediately prior to the closing of control port 42, to be engaged with the recess 63 and thus with the opening 67 and the fluid pressure in conjunction "Since the channel 73 stationary with the lower pressure fluid is connected, fluid is now under pressure via the recess 63 »

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<- «Ü4 · = - BAO ORIGINAL

the opening 66 and the channels 70, 72 and 33 in the slide chamber 16 with alternating pressure (it should be noted that the opening 68 is closed by the full diameter of the piston), whereby a reversal of the piston slide 11 and. its movement against the Yorbelastungsrichtung is caused o A reversal of the piston slide causes the reversal of the piston and its movement in direction Y ₀ When the piston moves in direction Y, the end of its stroke is determined by the fact that the control opening 41 is closed by the piston extension . The piston extension 65 is such

"Arranged that the auxiliary opening 68 is opened immediately before the closing of the control opening 41 in order to come into connection with the recess 63 and via this with the opening 69 and the outlet _o The slide chamber 16 with changing pressure is now via the channels 33 * 72, 71, the opening 68, the recess 63, the opening 69 and the channel 74 are connected to the outlet (whereby it should be noted that the opening 66 is now closed by the full piston diameter). The piston valve 11 is thereby reversed and caused to move in the direction of its preload ^ and thereby the piston 1 is reversed and now moves in the direction. X «

Bs can be seen that in engine designs, at which the end of the piston stroke is axially adjustable relative to the piston cylinder, either at one end of the stroke, for example according to the construction shown in Pigο 1, or at both ends of the stroke, as for example in the construction according to FIG. 2, setting means for the changeover time can be provided so that one or more auxiliary openings in the piston slide shuttle valve, which determine the reversal of the piston valve 11, from one or more areas of auxiliary

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BATH ORIGINAL

can be selected to ensure that the piston valve 11 is reversed at the end of the piston stroke, regardless of the relative position within the piston cylinder ₉ in which the piston stroke ends of the piston remains, the setting means for the reversing time and the selection device by which the control opening or openings is selected are advantageously coupled for simultaneous setting, so that when the end or the ends of the piston stroke are set, the lateral point is set at the same time which the piston valve 11 is reversed in order to keep the reversal of the piston valve in phase with the end or ends of the piston stroke »A construction by which the reversal of the piston valve is kept in phase with the selected axial setting of one end of the stroke of piston 1 is, is now based on the J? ig . 4 explained »

The engine shown in FIG. 4 is that shown in J? Ig..l similar, in which the end of the stroke of the piston 1 in direction Y can be selected from three positions, namely by setting the selection device 47 ″ around the channel 48 with the channel 45 or with the Channels 45 and 53 or with channels 45, 53 and 54 connect to·

In the selection device 47 for the openings, a setting means for the changeover time is included and comprises a recess 75 provided in the cylindrical part 50 in the form of an annular section. The recess 75 is advantageously located diametrically opposite the recess 52 and forms together with the inner cylindrical wall of the Sleeve 51 a chamber 76 «four channels 77 to 80 are

909839/0286 _ ₂₆

now passed through the sleeve 51 to the cylindrical part 50 and are connected to one another in an area with spacings in the circumferential direction, so that by rotating the cylindrical part 50, the channel 77 passes through the chamber 76 now. with channel 78 or only with both channels 78 and 79 ß which can get in connection with all channels 78 to 80 o The channel 77 is arranged in such a way that it is in constant communication with the chamber 76 and via the channel 72 with the slide chamber 16 is connected to alternating pressure "the channels 48 _S 45» 53t 54 and 77 to 80 and the chambers 46 and 76 are arranged in the selecting device 47 that, during 'a rotation of the! part 50 when the channel 48 with the channel 45 communicates, all channels 78 to 80 are connected simultaneously to channel 77 'that if channel 48 is only connected to channels 45 and 55, only channels 78 and 79 are connected to channel 77 and that then if that? Channel is connected to channels 45 »53 and 54 at the same time _t channel 77 is only connected to channel 78«

Di8 channels 78 to 80 are each respectively with HiIfsöffnungen 68b, 68a bsw "68 in the piston cylinder 2, in conjunction" The openings 68b, 68a and 68 are arranged in the Kolbenzylinäer axially in a similar manner to an area as the openings 41 _f 41a and 41b and are controlled by the piston extension 65 in such a way that during the movement of the piston in direction Y the opening 68 first opens into the recess 63 immediately before the opening 41 is closed by the piston extension 8, that the opening 68a opens into the recess 63 immediately before the opening 41a is closed by the piston extension 8 and that finally the opening 68b opens into the recess 63. immediately before the opening 41b is closed by the piston enlargement 8, the openings 68, 68a and 68b are positioned with the outlet above the openings 69

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BATH ORIGINAL

iind channel 74 in communication when passing through the Kolbezierweiterung 65 are opened in the direction of the recess 63 «

When operating the engine shown in Figo 4, it can be seen that the end of the stroke of the piston in direction X is determined thereby _? that the control opening 42 is closed by the piston widening 9 o Immediately before the closing of the control opening 42, the auxiliary opening 66 is opened by the expansion in the direction of the recess 63 ₉ whereby pressurized fluid flows through the opening 67 o The slide chamber 16 with changing pressure is put under pressure and the piston valve is reversed, whereby the piston 1 is also reversed. When the cylindrical portion 50 is set in the _{position shown in J? Ig 0} 4 while the piston is moving in the Y direction, fluid from the pressure chamber 6 passes only through the opening 41 to the outlet and immediately before the opening 41 is closed through the Piston enlargement 8, the auxiliary opening 68 is opened via the recess 63 and the opening 6.9 to the outlet «Accordingly, the slide chamber 16 is opened with alternating pressure in the direction of the outlet via the channels 33, 72 and 77», the chamber 76 and the channel 60, whereby the piston valve is reversed and moves in the direction of its preload in order to reverse the piston so that it moves again in direction X.

If the cylindrical part 50 is adjusted by rotation in the Z direction so that the channel 48 only with the Let both channels 45 and 53 be connected, the end will be of the piston stroke in direction Y is determined in that the piston extension 8 closes the opening 41a. As a result of this setting of the part 50, however, the channel 77 stands above the chamber 76 only with the channels 78

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ORlGIHAL

and 79 in connection "Accordingly, the basket extension 65 opens during the movement δββ piston" in the direction ¥ the auxiliary opening 68 without effect and the slide chamber with changing pressure is only emptied when the piston extension 65 opens the opening 68a Ui) Qv the recess 63 in the direction the opening 69 opens, which takes place immediately before the opening 41a is closed,

Palla the sylindriache part 50 further in the direction of Z is adjusted so that the channel 48 comes with the channels 45, 55 and 54 in connection, the end of the piston in the direction Y is determined by the fact that the piston enlargement 8 closes the opening 41b «Duron this further setting of the part 50 is the channel 77 via the chamber 76 only with the channel 78 in connection. As a result, the piston extension 65 opens during the piston movement in the Y direction the help openings 68 and 68a without effect and the Slide chamber 16 with changing »pressure is only de» empties when the piston extension 65 reaches the emergency opening 68b over the recess 63 in the direction of the opening 69 releases what is immediately before the closing of the opening 41b takes place.

In Fig. 1, the end of the stroke of the piston 1 in direction X is beetioat _F that the control opening 42 is closed by the piston extension 9, and the end of the piston stroke in direction T can be set in one of the three positions by setting the selection device 47 and, as described in the introduction, the reversal of the piston ohmic 11 for reversing the piston is automatically kept in phase with the selected end of the piston stroke in the direction T by the adjustment device _{for the reversal point t which}

9GS839 / 0266

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direction is included, is adjusted in order to control the connection between the slide chamber 16 with changing pressure and the outlet via the area of auxiliary openings 68 _f 68a and 68b axially adjustable in one of three positions by setting the selection device 58, and the end of the piston stroke in sight Y is axially adjustable in one of three positions by setting the selection device 47 and a construction in connection with Pig. 5, by means of which the reversal of the piston slide 11 for reversing the piston is automatically kept in phase with the selected ends of the piston stroke in both axial directions.

As can be seen from the explanation of the engine shown in FIG. 4, the end of the piston stroke in direction Y in S ¹ Ig. 5 axially in one of three positions by setting the selection device 47 and the reversal of the piston slide »bars 11 for reversing the piston is automatically kept in phase with the selected end of the piston stroke in direction Y in the same way, as above the Pig «, 4 was explained ·

In Figure 5, the selection device 56 is connected to an adjustment device for the changeover point, which comprises a recess 81 in the cylindrical part 59 in the form of a ring hub. The recess 81 is advantageously diametrically opposite the recess and forms together with the inner cylindrical wall of the sleeve 60 a chamber 82. Four channels 83 to 85 and 70a are ge leads through the sleeve 60 and form an area in which they follow one another at intervals in the circumferential direction, so that by rotating the cylindrical part 59 of the channel 70a over the chamber 82 with all channels 83 to

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85 or just mil; both channels 64 and 85 or only with the channel 85 in connection. The channel 70a is arranged so that it is in constant communication with döü? Chamber 82 stands and is connected to the slide chamber 16 via the channel 72 with fluctuating pressure. The channels 43a, 55 to 57, 70a and 83 to 85 and the chambers 62 and 82 are arranged in such a way that during a rotation of the cylindrical rope © 59 »when the channel 43a is only connected to the channel 55, all channels 83 to 85 are connected to the channel 70a at the same time, and that when the channel 43a is connected only to the channels 55 and 56, \ the. Channel 70a communicates only with channels 84 and 85, and that when channel 43a is connected to all channels 55 to 57, channel 70a is connected to channel 85 ₀

The channels 83 to 85 are each with auxiliary openings 66a or 66b or 66o in the piston cylinder 2 in connection. The openings 66a, 66b and 66c are in the piston cylinder 2 in a similar manner to an axial one Area arranged as the openings 42a, 42b and 42c and are controlled by the piston extension 64 so that during a movement of the piston in direction X, the opening 66a first in the direction of the Recess 63 is opened immediately before the opening 42a is closed by the piston extension 9, whereupon the opening 66b calibrate in the direction on the recess 63 opens immediately before the opening 42b is closed by the piston extension 9 is, and that finally the opening 66c in the direction to the recess 63 is opened immediately before the opening 42c through the piston extension 9 is closed «, the openings 66a, 66b and 66o are with the opening 67 in communication when they are through the piston extension 64 in the direction of the Recess 63 are opened, the opening 67 via the channel 73 to a source of a pressurized

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standing fluid is connectable.

When operating the engine shown in Fig. 5, it can be seen that the selected end of the stroke of the piston 1 in direction Y and the phase reversal of the piston slide at this selected end of the stroke of the piston is achieved in the same way as with the one based on FIG. 4 explained engine. At the end of the piston stroke in direction Y, the piston slide is automatically reversed by emptying the slide chamber 16 with changing pressure and the piston slide valve 10 is brought into the operating state shown in J? Ig ₀ 5, whereby the reversal of the piston 1 and its movement, in direction X is effected.

When the cylindrical part 59 is brought into the position shown in Fig. 5 and the piston Moved in the direction X, the fluid flows out of the pressure chamber 5 only through the opening 42a and the outlet immediately before the opening 42a Kclban - Extension 9 closes, Opens Via the opening 66a via the recess 63 and the opening 67 for the pressurized structural elements. Accordingly, the SchieberkaaoMt * «it is changing · Pressure with the under-bridged StrSfeungaalttel via channels 33, 72, 70a, Kmbm * 82 and des Channel 83 ic connection, whereby di «ütattenesissg des Piston corner! pus and his "movement" ntg "£ tn" one Preload is effected to tuucu control the piston, so that it moves in direction Y again.

If the sylixidrisehe part 59 is rotated in Direction Z is adjusted so that the channel 43a over the chamber 62 only with both channels 55 and 56 in When there is a connection, the end of the piston stroke in the X direction is determined by the fact that the piston extension Q fails to fit the opening 42b. Through this one

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BATH ORIGINAL

Position of the rope 59, however, the channel 70a is only connected to the channels 84 and 85 via the chamber 82. As a result, during the movement of the piston in the direction X, the piston extension 64 opens the auxiliary opening 66a without any effect and the slide chamber 16 is with changing pressure The pressurized fluid is only connected when the enlargement 64 opens the opening 66b via the recess 65 in the direction of the opening 67, which takes place immediately before the opening 42b is closed. If the cylindrical part 59 is adjusted further in the Z direction so that the channel 43a communicates with the channels 55 to 51 , the end of the piston stroke in the X direction is determined by the piston extension 9 closing the opening 42c by this further setting of the part 49, however, the channel 70a only communicates with the channel 85 via the chamber 62. As a result, the piston extension 64 opens the auxiliary openings 66a and 66b during the movement of the piston in the X direction without any effect and the slide chamber 16 with changing pressure only comes into contact with the pressurized fluid if the extension 64 joins the opening 66c via the recess 63 the opening 67 connects what takes place immediately before the opening 62c is closed «

Expectations:

909839/026 6

Claims (1)

Patent claims: Fluid pressure operated engine with an axially displaceable in a piston cylinder mounted piston, the axial movement of which is made possible by the discharge of the fluid from a pressure chamber in communication with it, which is located during the axial movement of the piston reduced in volume, characterized in that the pressure chamber (5, 6) with a control opening (40, 41). is connected or connectable in the piston cylinder (2), via which the fluid from the can escape in the volume-reducing pressure chamber, that the control opening is controlled by an extension (8, 9) of the piston (1), whereby during the axial movement of the piston in the direction of movement, which reduces the volume of the pressure chamber, fluid escapes from the pressure chamber, which is reduced in volume, via the control opening until it escapes Control port is closed by the piston extension to allow the outflowing "fluid" to lock the pressure chamber and the piston at the end stop its stroke 2ο engine according to claim 1, characterized in that daduroh a plurality of openings (41 * 41a, 41b) in one in the axial direction extending area of the Piston cylinder β (2) are provided, through which the piston extension (8) can be controlled that a device (47) is provided for selecting the openings is through which one or more openings in this area is control openings for connection with the outlet can be selected, and that this area of openings through the piston enlargement is controlled in such a way that find the piston stroke duroh the sole pouring of the. selected opening or Openings through which the piston enlargement is determined. 909839/0266 - 34 - Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (1) is suitable for a cylinder (2) perform a reciprocating motion, and that two pressure chambers (5 # 6) are provided «by which during the to-and-fro movement The piston can alternately decrease or increase in volume while the other increases at the same time alternately increase fca ^ w decrease can that the piston piston extensions (8, 9) onweiat, which the opening and closing of two axially spaced control openings (41, 'j-2) in the piston cylinder control «that a first pressure chamber (5) during the reduction of its volume under the influence of the piston movement emptied in an axial direction of movement via a first control opening (42) controlled by the barrel extension (9) and the end of the piston stroke in this direction of movement X by closing the first control opening through the piston extension is determined, and that the second pressure chamber (6) during the? - reducing its volume below the Influence of the piston movement in the other axial direction of movement Y via the second control opening (41) controlled by the piston widening (8) is emptier, the end of the piston stroke in this direction of movement duroh the closing of this second control opening is assaulted by the piston extension Motor according to claim 3 »characterized in that the piston (2) have an axial distance from each other · = de extensions (8, 9) which together with de * piston cylinder (2) form an outlet chamber (7), which is distributed with the decreasing volume pressure chamber during the axial movement of the piston that the first control opening (42) through a first piston extension (9) and the second 909839/0266 «35 - Control opening (41) can each be controlled by a second piston extension (8) in such a way that their Connection to the outlet chamber is alternately opened or closed, the control openings and the piston extensions are arranged in such a way that during the reciprocating piston movement at least one or the other of these control openings is in connection with the Aualaßkammer, the first pressure chamber (5) being reduced in volume via the outlet chamber and the first Control port can be emptied and the end of the piston stroke in the first axial direction X through the Closing the first control opening (42) is determined by the first piston extension (9) while The wider üruekkaniEier (6) can be emptied when its volume is reduced via the outlet chamber and the second control opening (41) and the end of the piston stroke in the opposite axial direction it is determined by the closing of the second control opening by the second piston extension (8) that a valve device (10) is provided which, in a first operating position, establishes the connection between the control opening and the outlet blocks and the connection between the first control port and the outlet opens while the piston (1) moves in the first axial direction X and in a second operating position blocks the connection between the first control opening and the outlet and the connection between the second control port and the outlet opens when the piston is in öer opposite direction of movement Y moves. Motor according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the piston (I) _9, its cylinder (2) and the pressure chambers (5, 6) form a double-acting unit and that a further valve device is provided, in the first of which 909839/0266 ^ _0RlG1N At drive position the second pressure chamber with the lower Pressurized fluid and the first pressure chamber can be connected to the outlet via the first control opening (42) and that in its second operating position the first pressure chamber with the pressurized fluid and the second pressure chamber via the second control port (41) with the Outlet is connectable, and that the reciprocating movement of the piston in its cylinder through Conversion of the second valve device from their first is effected in its second operating position and vice versa. Motor according to Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that that an inlet opening (40) in the piston cylinder (2) axially between the control openings (41, 42) is arranged such that it communicates with the outlet chamber (7) during the back and forth. the forward movement of the piston (1) is maintained! and that this further valve device is arranged such that each pressure chamber (5, 6) in their Volume reduction communicates with the outlet chamber via the inlet opening that the arrangement is also made so that the end of the piston stroke in the one axial direction of movement thereby it is determined that the first control opening (42) from its connection with the Auelaßkammer (7) through the first piston extension (9) closed during its movement in the direction of the inlet opening (40) is, and that the end of the piston stroke in the opposite axial direction of movement thereby determined is that the second control opening (41) from its communication with the outlet chamber (7) through the second piston widening (8) closed during its axial movement in the direction of the inlet opening (40) will. 9Q9839 / 0266 -.37 7 · Motor according to claim 4 and one of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the valve device (10) and the further valve device for the simultaneous changeover from their first operating position to their second operating position and inversely connected to each other. 8 »Motor according to claim 7, characterized in that the valve device (10) and the further valve device are formed by a piston slide valve which one in a slide cylinder (12) in the axial direction reciprocable piston slide (11) comprises, wherein the piston slide on at one end of its stroke the first operating position and at the other end toines stroke the second operating · = adjusting ring of the piston valve valve results. 9. Motor according to claim »i, characterized in that the piston valve valve; il (10) by pressure in a Kichtung preloaded 1st and has end faces with different effective areas, the End face (13) with a smaller effective area together with part of the slide cylinder (12) a pressure chamber (14) with constant pressure for constant Forms connection with a source of a pressurized fluid, and wherein the end face (15) with a larger effective area with another / i part of the slide cylinder one Pressure chamber (16) with alternating pressure forms, which can be connected alternately with the flow means standing up to the pressure and the outlet in order to cause the slide to move back and forth when the pressure chamber (14) is at a constant Pressure associated with the pressurized fluid » 909839/0266 ORIGINAL BATHROOM _ 38 - 10 «engine xiaoh one of claims 7 to 9 _f, characterized in that the valve device and the further valve device are controlled by the position of the piston (1) in its cylinder (2) and the arrangement is made such that then, if If the piston is at the end of its stroke in the axial direction of movement or is approaching this end position, both valve devices are switched simultaneously from the first operating position to the second operating position, and that when the piston is in the opposite axial direction at the other end of its stroke Direction is or is approaching this end, the two valve devices are switched from the second operating position to the first operating position at the same time « Ho engine according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the flow of the fluid to and the outlet of the fluid from the slide chamber (16) with alternating pressure through a with the Piston (1) operatively connected shuttle valve is controlled so that at the end of the piston stroke the Slide chamber with changing pressure through the Weeh-> selventll is connected to the outlet to move the piston valve (11) in the direction of its load on the door to bring the end position, and that at the other end of the piston stroke the slide chamber with changing pressure is connected to the pressurized fluid through the Weohsel valve in order to reverse the piston valve (11) and move it axially into the opposite direction to its preload End position »u bring · 12 »Motor according to claim 11, characterized in that the Weohsel valve includes auxiliary openings (66 and 67) in the piston cylinder (2) and that piston extensions (64, 65) are provided to connect this 909839/0266 » _o - 39 ~ To control HilfBÖffnungen with the under Druok fluid and the outlet during the back · »reciprocating movement of the piston (1). 13 »Motor according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized characterized in that a region of axially spaced apart openings (41 »41a, 41b) is provided in the piston cylinder (2) and a selection device (47) through which at least an opening in this area can be selected as a first control opening for connection to the outlet and that the end of the piston stroke in one axial direction is determined by the fact that the selected opening or the selected openings of this area through the piston extension (Θ) getting closed. 14u engine according to claim 13, characterized in that a first region of axially spaced apart openings (42a, 42b, 42c). in the KoI cylinder and a first selection device (53) is provided, through which at least one opening of this first area can be selected as the first control opening, and that the end of the piston stroke in this one axial direction X thereby it is determined that the selected opening, for example. the selected openings in the first area are closed by the associated piston extension (9) and that a second area of axially spaced apart openings (41, 41a, 41b) and a second selection device (47) is provided through which at least one opening in this second area can be selected as a second control opening for connection to the outlet, and that the End of the piston stroke in the opposite axial direction 7 is determined by the fact that the selected Opening or the selected openings of the second 909839/0266 - 40 - Area through dump-ordered piston expansion (8) to be closed. -. c engine according to one of claims IO to 12 toad one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that an adjusting device (75) for the changeover point in time is connected to both valve devices and for simultaneous adjustment with the selection device (47) f by which the first control opening is selected, coupled tat »and that dl · Arrangement of the setting device for the Uaateuerzeitpunkt is arranged so that a · setting the axial position of the end point of the piston stroke in the one axial direction of movement through the selection device at the same time an adjustment of the Time causes at which these two valve devices from the first operating position into the second operating position can be reversed so that the reversal of the two valve devices old at the end of the piston stroke in this one axial direction of movement remains in phase. 16 »Engine according to claims 14 and 15» characterized in that a first setting device (75) for the reversing time is connected to the two valve directions and is coupled to the first selection device (47) for simultaneous setting UmsteuerZeitpunkt is made in such a way that an adjustment of the axial position «of the Bndpunktee dee piston stroke ·· in dlesfr. causes axial Riohtung by dl · first selection means (47) at the same time an adjustment of the Xeitpunktes to welohem both Ventileinriohtungen from _^: the first operating position la, the second Betriebsstellung.umgeschaltet so that the reversal of the valve means old the Sad · of the piston stroke ·· in this one axial direction remains in phase, and that a second adjustment device (81) old connected to the valve devices and old the second selection device (58) but simultaneous adjustment 909839/0266 OBiGJNAL _ 4, _x _ ment is coupled, and that the wide setting device for the timing point is arranged in such a way that the axial position can be set. of the end point of the piston stroke in this other axial direction of movement by the second selection device simultaneously causes a setting of the point in time at which both valve rotations from the second operating position In dl first operating position are switched, so that the reversal of these valve devices old End of the piston stroke in this opposite axial direction of movement Remains in phase. 17. Motor according to claim 12 and one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the or each adjustment device (75, 81) for the time of the year an area tob la axial blohtung old spaced auxiliary openings (66 · »66b, 66cι 68, 68a , 68b) in the piston cylinder (S), these auxiliary openings being suitable for being controlled by means of the piston worlds (64, 65), and selection blades (76, 82) being provided for the auxiliary openings which are connected to these auxiliary openings For the simultaneous setting, bits of the first or second selection device (47, 58) for the control openings are coupled in such a way that at least one auxiliary opening in this area can be selected by the selection device tVx the auxiliary openings, and that the slide chamber (16) has a variable pressure over the selected auxiliary opening or "the selected auxiliary openings alt de" outlet or the structural means SJi under Eruok one or the other predetermined n and the selected end or the load of the piston stroke can be linked, including a control of the piston valve * (11) from one end to the other end of its su cause. 18. Motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a flow resistance (27, 28) is provided and dl or a pressure chamber (5, 6) old when its volume is reduced 909839/0266 BATH ORIGINAL the outlet practice? this flow resistance like that is connectable that when the control opening (41, 41a, 41b {42a, 42b, 42o), through which the see the volume-reducing pressure chamber is connected to the outlet, is closed by the associated piston extension (8, 9), dl · pressure chamber old remains connected to the outlet via this flow resistance in order to dampen the end of the piston stroke » 19 · Motor according to claims 5 and 18, characterized in that each of the pressure valves (5t 6) is suitable for reducing its volume to be connected to the outlet via a flow resistance (27t 28), with the further valve device in its first operating state a connection between the first pressure chamber and the outlet via a flow resistance and ± m second operating state a connection between the other pressure chamber and the outlet via a further flow resistance. ORIGINAL BATHROOM 909839/0266