DE1906219A1 - Methods of turf production - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

Dr. D. Thomson R Tiedtke u. Bühlmg

Pipl.-Chem. ' Dipping. ": ■ '- / _^.'; Dipi.-Chem.

• .8000 MUNICH 2nd

TAL 33 TELEPHONE 0811/226894

■ "". "· - _.; '..-; T.ELEGRAMfcSÄDHESSE: THOPATENT

· - "- .. '- ■ MUNICH T. February 1969

'■■■ - ■ - "-" ■ rS ^ A ^: case Z.2o 817 / · ί 299S

- 1908219

Scottish Agricultural Industries Limited - . ■ - ■ '- Edinburgh (Scotland).

Process for generating eases '■■' ■■ -. . '..-'.-> .

The invention relates to a method of production of lawn, ζ * Β. . for ornamental or sporting purposes * .... ■

'A for lawns, sports fields, grass Fander and the like "" appropriate turf is gestocheri generally of surfaces and gesaiiimelti where it grows naturally. These include Salzsöemarseheh and "permanent grassland". Such areas chg generally of ^ uptbevölkerungsZentren AND Bereieh ³¹ right far away, where turf is used, which means that the cost of the 'Erähsport'es from turf to the handicap is quite considerable "Besides the facts that good quality turf grows naturally only in a few remote places" uiid that the * requirement

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Oral agreements, insbosondore by Telofön. require schrlltlldior confirmation breidnir Bank Munich account 1091CÖ · Po »tidieckkortto Munich 116» 74

19Ö62T9

on ihin has grown rapidly in recent years .; i; u a marketable lawn, either high quality or even moderate, "^; -Quality ... -". '..- .. ■■ ------ - .. / - ■' - ■

Naturally grown lawn requires "a; long ⁷ intermediate time in order to achieve" a suitable state for stabbing / .about ■. · ■: - Io. Bis: 20 'years * He ^: will in : general-in the form of sehmal-:; ~ ' ^r rectangular blocks stochehi-. the> about 5 * 1 to "7,6'öm to three inches), strong and about'3 °> 5 ^: CmCtweif iMe sin'di Eiri of such natural grasses Jsänn a tiribest / ozWi vef * - ättder'iiöhei; Fedtänische ZusanunensetZuag own -and- can-vöni'löderi fiegr-ühiieride ■ have anecdotes; -ei »känh dej? O & igebiing '■ richt ärigäpäJBt' seitti iia ¹ der" ei * seh lastliehr arige |> fian2t ^! i 'deiii kärin · the' filiality. zWisöhert lawn: ¹ ü ^ usually from-lawn * sneezes itself and-often it looks- to 'educate / bev-- "~:; *. ~ * - *" * \

On the other hand, Rasehfläehen, - ^r Spörtfeideri ^; Straessenl'Miiiil ' ¹ ' and the like or the like produced by sawning of Grassäineii _f In this case the 'preparation deö ^'. Bodighs' is an expensive · ΐ ^ ηβϊ ^ with eiftifil large seeds ve ^ lustj where from- Sa.iaeü ~ imae [-i think diseases- vörHändeh gäiri and weeds ira ^ ^ Smnen BDEF "-in ^{'^} ■" iödeh eiilhaiteh Seih blow "Aul this way · the Erzeüsuftg SräSnärBö voftgutir Qtiäiität durbh Äüssaen ein'söftwiefiger · Φ ί $ irlölglöser 'Process ift greater' Dependent on WittöfiftfäS §ns ifidosh you have · Hälipiiiäcnlichö'Maenteli beifc ~ iäeii ^s

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1SMD6219

of grass seeds in the-relatively long time it takes ur. to give the grass a suitable and strong attachment before it can be used / grounded.

According to the invention, it has been found that with the use of von'Katurgras associated disadvantages and the production of lawns caused by sowing seeds outdoors by using a method described below Generation of turf can be reduced. ·

- -; '- ■ ·. ■■■ i

In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of creating turf which comprises creating grass or other turf Plant species in a growing medium in a shallow container; lets grow, whereby the root systems of the grass or other lawn-producing plant species grow and together can become matted. The invention also provides the lawn planted by this method.

Such lawns can be grown in the open air, one can eat however, they preferably do not grow outdoors, e.g. in a greenhouse, in order to regulate environmental influences.

The container can and can be of any size or shape suitably, for example, have the shape of a rectangular flat bowl. It can be a large container of permanent texture; can be used, which is under-

909836/0288

can be shared. The depth of the container is preferably less than 2.5 ^ cm (l ") and can conveniently be about o, .64 ',;; ■ 1.27 cm (1/4 to 1/2 "). The container can be made of any - *: an appropriate material, eg wood, hardboard, plastic or treated concrete exist, it may make some small holes • have in the ground, enable a Entwässerung_zu should preferably a sheet of ^for;.... impermeable roots - material, for example polyethylene film, may be provided on the inner bottom of the container -V This prevents · that the roots adhered to the container and thereby facilitate the removal of the grass from the 'container when 4p lawn is fertig'zur removal of the film; * ν made of polyethylene (or similar material) can mi% small Ent - "V C ^.... Water holes are provided. · '■ ~ " ^: -.' _:: ■ -

■ Any growth medium can be used. It can>_; ■ For example from inorganic material of mineral origin, such as sand, \ organic material such as natural fibers and peat, synthetic fibers or; consist of some mixture of these. A supporting " ^: fibrous base, woven or non-woven, may be used. Suitable organic or inorganic" fertilizers may be incorporated in the medium initially and / or applied at later stages of growth, with suitable amounts being more effective and less effective in fertilizer treatment Plant nutrients are supplied that are necessary to promote and maintain lawn growth. ^: ■; . ■ "■ -: ■ - '." ■ _ · .- "-; .- ■ .-

Preferably the growth medium is sterilized, which is '■■ ..--.' :. conveniently by steam, high temperature or chemical V

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Ways can be done; furthermore, the grass seed is preferred sterilized for diseases originating from seeds by means of the application of a fungicide. · "

The type of seed that is sown depends on the purpose for which the finished scar is to be used and from the environment in which it should eventually grow. Seeds of fast-rooting, short-lived species, e.g. barley, can initially be used as a growth medium - be given to support the formation of a good root system. Such additions produce plants that after a '.- ■■■ Cut disappear. ,. ''. · '

The invention can conveniently be applied to grass, however, other types of lawn from non-grassy species, . E.g.B '. Thyme and chamomile. In addition, according to this method, lawns can be made using vegetative parts of plants, E.g. sections of runners or root stocks can be created. This occurs e.g. in the case of chamomile, Agrostis stolonifera and certain tropical grasses, e.g. Bermüda-Graa, are used.

The desired sowing size to be used depends on the one used Seed type and other factors «However, in general it is preferred, at a level of about 34 g / m (l oz. per sq. yd.)

O -

to sow, although it can be as small as about 8.5 g / m (1/4 oz. per sq. yd.).

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-the germination process of the seeds kajin l ^ gotoen jwill | _F before, entweder.mit or, ',, © brought werdenj in deji ^ h LTER without dasι Waehstujmsnredium. e.g. can a? Mixture of seeds, and dampened growth medium two or -three days 1 $ ^ $ wt v, g, are kept eelj & iet $ n temperature conditions ,, before .in the fiat .. ■. Bowls-being spread. -?. "··". _r .r- ^s · -. · "·: - :: VV-; =. · - ■ '. ^ s., * ;; - ;, \

It is preferred that the. Feuchtiglceitszugabezum growing grass or -to * regulated wachsenden.Pflanzen the other ^^ ^^, is f and that regulated alternating day and night temperatures and illumination are applied, ·, Aysserdem lcann the atmospheric composition by incorporation of gases; , ^, ^. K are regulated »· whereby

Containers, in which turfs grow according to the invention, can be run can: at any level - one on top of the other, on racks - stacked are, so that more turf can be accommodated in a given area

Before and / or during ^: Germination, Me seeds *; If so desired, germinate or accelerate growth can be carried out, either physically or chemically, with the inclusion of growth promoting and accelerating agents _{; ;} Substances such as gibberellic acid, hydrogen peroxide and acids; substance. During the active growth period:

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INSPECTED

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When the root systems have a tightly connected intertwined Having formed mat, the lawns from their containers, in removed from the regulated environment and placed on a suitable support surface be convicted where they are attached and against, extreme Weather conditions that may occur at this time. During this time the grass or the plants can can be kept short and the lawn can be watered; possible felt infestation during this sensitive stage can be successfully combated by using fungicides.

Raseh made in accordance with the invention has a number of significant advantages over both natural grass and those grown from seeds under normal conditions Grass. Besides the advantage that turf can be made at any time of the year, one of the main advantages is according to the Invention in the very short required for creating lawns Time, as opposed to a time of only six to eight weeks about 10 to 20 years for natural grass or 6 months to 2 years in the case of normally grown from seeds Lawn 'is required. In addition, it is the time it takes from laying turf to when it is fully invigorated are and can be used at according to the invention produced turf is much shorter than with natural turf, where part of its root system has been removed.

The very shallow growth used according to the invention * medium leads to a considerable reduction in seed loss as it ensures that the seeds are not sown too deep

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and furthermore it creates a light and extremely flexible one Lawn "carpet" designed for easy handling and transport can be rolled up appropriately. The small mass and the low weight of the product reduce transportation costs compared to the cost of natural areas. In addition, generating units can be fichnoll and lightly in or in the vicinity of areas of great demand3, a factor which further reduces transport costs considerably. The flexible carpet-like nature of the turf produced in the method according to the invention make it suitable for it even to put on quickly prepared curses; when the lawn create the relatively large formats that he has can, a significant advantage over the smaller ordinary ones Lawn shapes.

Yet another 'significant advantage of the method according to FIG Invention consists in that both from the ground and from the seed diseases and weeds from the lawn completely can be eliminated, producing a much better quality product than either Natural grass or with Raeen obtained outdoors from seeds has grown. Furthermore, by appropriate selection of the seeds that are sown, Rann precisely regulates the botanical composition of the lawn become, and in this way they can be uniform and be exactly reproducible.

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Lawn produced by the method described above can be easily generated and used in uncommon a lawn, sports area or another for a short time To create the highest quality sod type.

example 1

7.08 kg (15.6 lh.) Of growth medium were produced, which consisted of equal volumes of sterilized sand and peat, in the 8.96 g of a compound. as a fertilizer with the composition

• N lo £, P ₂ O ₅ ?.%, K ₂ O 155 * were incorporated.

There were 36 g of a GrassameatiischUj.g, consisting of four Parts by weight of creeping red fescue grass (S.A.I.) and one part by weight of Agrostis tenuis (S.A.I.) and treated with a Fungicide (V / arenzeichen SAIsan) in an amount of 0.5 wt .- ^ (wt / wt), based on the seed mixed into the above-specified amount of the growth medium.

This mixture of seeds, fertilizer and growth medium was spread in a container measuring 6 183 x 0.6 h om (2 ft. Χ 6 H. l / k in.) And lined with polyethylene sheeting with drainage holes punched was.

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COPY BAD ORlGiNAL

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The amounts given above were such that one container of the above-specified Ülmeneionen completely filled became.

The container was placed in an environment suitable for a day temperature of 25 C and a night temperature of 20 ° C and additional light for a day length of 18-8 hours. The medium was in accordance with its Auih & nm <evGnnögen against the

Gravity watered and held at that degree.

Germination and development began 3 to 4 days later a root mat started about 13 days later. After 14 days it was the container overflows onto a receiving surface in the open air, the atmospheric temperature conditions prevailing at the time was subject. She was supplied with water accordingly.

Six weeks after the start of the procedure, a lawn with a dense, concentrated root mass with a Thickness of 0.64 cm (i / 4 in.) Formed. It was guarded that at least 5% of the contents of the container at this point in time Oras roots passed.

This frame was - · rolled up,. .in his

Permanent location Transferred and on a level floor surface

2 '

brought into the 34 g / m (l oz. per sq. yd.) of a compound as a fertilizer with the composition

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06/19 ?!

N Ιοί *, P ₂ O ₅ 25 #, K ₂ O
had been incorporated.

It was rolled down immediately. It became Wassar accordingly a capacity of a free field for a week, after which the lawn was sufficiently paved., υΐη for a normal Use suitable to no.

The examples given below were initial Ambient conditions a daytime temperature of 25 ° C, one Night temperature of 2o C and an additional mercury vapor illumination with a minimum intensity of 129 lumens / thorn (I2oo lumens / sq. ft.) for creating a 16-hour daily lung intended. For certain annual cancellations, the additional Lighting only required for short sessions. In the spH tone Herbat and Winter Bind a few hours of additional lighting required to provide a 16-year-old TegoslKnge.

Balaplel £

There were 28.3 1 (o, * U cubio foot) growth medium from peat manufactured using a sieve with a mesh size of 6.4 mm (l / 4 ") Had passed through 62.2 g of a basal slag with 8.7 5 # P.O, - were incorporated *

2 5.

There were 31.1 g of a Graaeamen mixture Agrostis tenuie (S.A.I.)

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CGPY
BATHROOM ORIGINAL

Creeping red fescue grass
(SAI)

Poa pratensis (e.V. Merion),

Lolium perenne (e.V. Aberystwyth S.

which had been treated with a pungicide (trademark SAIsan) in an amount of 0.5% by weight, based on the seed, mixed into the above-mentioned amount of the growth medium, moistened with 852 ml (l 1/2 pints) of water and held in a Polyäthylertsack "(polythene) j days at a temperature of 25 _G:?. germination began after two days'..

This mixture of germinating seeds, fertilizers and waxy? The medium was spread out in a 2 * χ 5 ¹ χ 'l / 2 "container lined with polyethylene film. The above quantities were sufficient to produce a container with the above To fill dimensions completely. '. ·

The medium was watered against gravity according to its absorption capacity and kept at this level. A completely soluble fertilizer was dissolved in the water to an extent which gave the following concentrations in the water: nitrogen 168 parts per million, PO 144 parts per million, K ₃ O 12o parts per million. . ^;;

The development of a root mat began days later. After 28 days a mat of roots had formed and was

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the. Lawn away from the container and onto an outdoor one Acquisition area transferred where it was cut and watered.

Six weeks after the start of germination, a lawn with a dense concentrated root mass with a starch had developed formed by 1.27 cm (1/2 ") that was ready to be put into his final location to lay. . '

This lawn was · rolled up, - · into its permanent Layer transferred and placed on a flat floor surface,

the ^ 4 g / m (l oz. per sq. yd.) of a compound had been incorporated as a fertilizer with a composition of N 1ο #, ^ o ^ ^^ ^{and K} 2 °. It was rolled down immediately. Water corresponding to the capacity of an open field was applied for a week, "after which further roots were developed to the extent that the lawn stuck in its final position.

example 3 · '.

This example is similar to Example 2 except that a piece of woven jute measuring 1525 x 61 cm (5 'χ 2 ¹ ) was placed on top of the polyethylene liner and the seed-growth medium mixture was spread on the jute. The environmental conditions were the same as described above for the first 14 day period.

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ORIGINAL WSPECTED

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After lh days the container was placed in an environment that provided a day temperature of 2oC, a night temperature of 15 C and natural light for about 11 hours / day. The container was kept in this environment for a further 1 hour , after which it was transferred to an outdoor receiving area which had been exposed to the weather conditions prevailing at the time (mid-October). From the time the growth medium was placed in the container, it was watered against gravity according to its capacity and kept at that level. A completely soluble fertilizer was dissolved in the water, which gave the following concentrations in the water: Nitrogen 168 parts per million, P _g 0.144 parts per million, KO 12o parts per million »

55 days after the beginning of the process had formed a root mat, which extends through the woven Hessian (Hessian) such "branched ', ¹ that the Hessian was inseparable from the root mat to form a lawn of high strength, respectively. Which are rolled up and could be handled with ease and without destruction. The top growth was grown to a height of 1.9 cm 3/4 "to form a lawn of acceptable appearance and structure. . to generate «■; ■

. Example h .

This example is similar to Example 2 with the exception that the growth medium of three TeilenTorf and a part sterili ₇ · siertem mineral ^ chieferabfall ( "^ burn-off") consisted wherein

. 1 y U b "2 1

both yon a sieve having a mesh size of 6 mm J55 (l / ^ ") had happened. He was given 62.2 g of basic slag containing

of 8.75 ^ PO ₁ . incorporated.
²

A mat of roots had formed 28 days after the start of germination educated. The turf was removed from the container and. transferred to an outdoor support surface, where he was kept moist and the upper growth to a length of 3/4 "(3/4") cut.

Six weeks after germination began, a hare with a dense, compact root mass had formed. This lawn was easily rolled up and handled.

Example 5 ]

This example is similar to Example 4 with the exception that the growth medium 11.6 was the sterilized sand into which 100 g of basic slag at a content of 8.75 % had been incorporated. In addition, after 14 days in the initial environment, the ambient conditions were changed to create a day temperature of 20 C, a night temperature of 15 C and natural daylight of around 16 hours / day. 28 days after the start of germination, root mat formation had begun and the container was transferred to an open-air support surface, where it was filled with a dilute fertilizer solution, as in the

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

given above examples, was kept moist. . , _Λ

Eight weeks after the start of germination: had a ra-:. sen formed with a dense, intertwined wort mass, _r der; '; could easily be rolled up and removed from the container. '". ^

Example . 6, -, ■ ^ I. V; ^; '':. (;

This example is similar to Example 5 except that i V '■ equate the growth medium. Volume divide. Peat and steri-,; ■ lized mineral slate waste (- "burnup") "'existed,." Both of which had a sieve with a mesh size of 6 _ä 35 πήή (i / V ⁽ ) passed, and that it contained loo g of basic slag with a volume; from :' ■: 8.7 ^ P ₂ O and 62.2 g fertilizer with a content of magnesium ΐ ν ammonium phosphate (trademark ENMAG) was incorporated, the;;. Analysis 6, c $>. · N, 28.3 ^ P ₀ ⁰ K * io, 4 ^ K ₀ C

After 14 days of initial environmental conditions .yrurdeii;

· - '■ "■''~.""'" ■ "■■ -. ' ■ - '■ .- ·. " · '"- ο ^{/: -;:.} Changed the conditions for a day temperature of 2o C, a night temperature of 15 C and a natural daylighting from about] to provide D-hour period for a period of l \ days, after which the container was transferred to an area in the open, where the prevailing weather conditions (later

October) was suspended. Seven weeks after the start of the Germination had formed a solid, intertwined root mat, that was firm enough to be rolled up and handled.

ORIGINAL

"Τ at) 6Γ2 1

• Example 7 ·

This example is similar to Example 5 with the exception that the growth medium from 11.6 dom (o, 4l cu. Ft.) Was applied in horticulture ver vermiculite, the loo g basic slag with

a salary of $ 8.75 P ₀ ⁰ Ir. • 2 5

After the initial treatment, the surrounding

o temperatures changed to a daytime temperature of 2o C, a

Night temperature of 15 C and natural daylight of around ■ ■

'11 -hour duration for a further 14 days. The container was then transferred to an outdoor recording area, where he can see the prevailing climatic conditions (Mid-October) was suspended and also kept feuqht.

Eight weeks after germination, a tightly intertwined one had become Root mats are formed, which are rolled up and handled could. The top growth was cut over a length of 1.9 ° cm in order to create a lawn of an acceptable appearance and

more difficult. · Structure · “to be generated. .

Example 8

This example is similar to Example 5 except that the growth medium was peat that had passed through a 6.35 mm (1/4 ") mesh sieve and the loo g

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

.ν
ίο

basic slag with a content of 8.75 # ? J5 _C incorporated

had been. ".." · - '. . :

The seeds used were 2o, 5 S Agrostis tenuis. (S, Ä .-. I. ") * Sown; a germination of the seed. started after three days *. ■:

The initial environmental conditions were changed after l4 days to an environment with a day temperature of- 2o C ^p, a night temperature of 15 C and natural daylight for Λ provide about l4 hours a day for the next l4 days. .

The container was then placed outdoors and equipped with a diluted fertilizer solution as described above.

Seven weeks after germination began, one had become Lawn formed with a 1.27 cm (1/2 ") mat of roots that was easily rolled up / wrapped up.

Example 9 - ^: _v '- "■' -. -'-

This example is similar to Example 8 except that the sown seeds 46.6 g Lolium perenne (c.v. Aberystwyth p.23)

5 1/2 weeks after the start of germination, there was a lawn formed with a Ij27 cm (l / 2 ") thick root mat, which is easy could be rolled up and handled, _

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ν ■■. «■"'■■ «·

Example. Io

This example is similar to Example 8 except that. • The seed chosen was 4-I ₄ , 1 g of creeping red fescue grass (SAI). ,. - '

In this EaIl, the time to the formation of a slightly · Manageable lawn six weeks.

Example 11

This example is similar to Example 2 except that in addition to the sairo mix of this example, 7.5 S English Ryegrass or perennial Lolch (Landras Westerwolds) were incorporated.

After 30 days under the initial * ambient conditions had sldi formed a lawn with a densely networked root mat, which could be easily rolled up and handled.

Example 12 "

This example is the same as example. 2 except that in addition to the corn mixture of this example, 15 g of oats inv were suffered.

09836/02 8 8

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

1-90f219

After 30 days under the -initial ambient conditions -'- ";; a lawn with a dense, densely networked mat of roots had formed which could easily be rolled up and handled, V ~ \

■■■ "■■ ' ^: -_: -. - Example 13 ^v ' ..- '■. -'";' ■ ..; ; _- ■ "--_ - _: ^ Y

This example is the same as Example 12 except that -: The 15 g of oats have been replaced with 15 g of barley. An easily handled lawn had formed after 30 days under the initial environmental conditions. '·,' -. "■>;; _Λ : i

This example is similar to Example 12 with the exception that 'thatι; the 15 g of oats were replaced by 15 g of wheat. An easy to _; handling turf had formed after 30 days under the initial environmental conditions * ·. ^{; ; v}

The growth medium used in this example was same as that in Example 8. The growth medium was in a Container with the dimensions 6l. χ 152 »^ χ 1.27 cm spread ^ the inside.was lined with a polyethylene film. '.-

A corpus of Agrbstis stolonifera worms were cut to lengths of about 1.3 cm (1/2 ⁿ ) so that; Each

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OBlGINAt-INSPECTEP

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Piece had a knot from which growth can take place could. These pieces of runners were planted in the growth medium at a distance of 5.1 cm, ■

The container was exposed to the initial ambient conditions and watered against gravity with the diluted fertilizer solution according to its absorption capacity and held at that level. ,

The development of a mat of roots began after three weeks * and after nine weeks an easy-to-use root mat had formed that could be rolled up. In this Stage, the upper growth was to a · length of 1.91 cm (3 / ^ ") cut off.

Example l6

This example is similar to Example 15 except that anste.lle the runners of Agrostis stolonifera plantlets of Chamaemelum nobile ("chamomile") in the growth medium with a gap 5.1 cm (2 ") were planted.

The container was placed in the original environment and treated with dilute fertilizer solution as in the preceding Examples has been described. Root formation had started about Io days later, and after about Io weeks it had undergone the original environmental conditions a root mat of sufficient Strength made for manipulation.

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Claims (7)

Claims Method for producing turf, characterized in that; that grass or other lawn-producing plant species are allowed to grow in a growth medium in a shallow container, whereby _: the root systems of the grass or of the other lawn-producing λ species can grow and become matted with one another. 2) Method according to claim Ij, characterized in that one as a container such in the form of a rectangular flat - shell used. . -. : _; "- ■"".-." 3) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the container used is one with a depth of 0.64 to 25, f> 4cm (l / V and i "). 4) Method according to one .der.vorherhung claims, characterized in that the container used is one which is on the inside of the bottom with a film made of one of Roots are not provided with penetrating material. " 5 ") Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one" is such as a growth medium used with an incorporated fertilizer. 6) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the beginning of the growth medium for sub- 90 983 6/02 88. 13 ν Μ ^ Ο-6219 Supporting the formation of a good root system seeds from quickly adding root-forming «short-lived species. 7) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the seeds of the grass or other lawns. germinating plant species before it is put into the container brings »; . . .8.) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the lawn under regulated environmental conditions let it grow. - 90 9 8 36/0288 ORIGINAL INSPECTED