DE1902900A1 - Control device for pressures and / or volumes of gas and liquid masses - Google Patents

Description

HELlMUTH KOSEL DIPL-ING. HORST ROSE DIPL-ING ₁ , PETER ^{ϊ; u:} * PATENTANWÄLTE

ilaii! ^ 21, January 1969

T? J ^ ramm-AdFj> s ||: .S!? Dpatent Bad {Sandersheim. "

Oscar lerrer liungue-b
EateiitgesuGli ¥ om 21 "Jaij., 1969

Ösear Ferrer Munguet

Balmes 188, 6 °, 1 ^a Barcelona 6, Spain

Control device for bridge 'and / or volume ' of Sas- and Glüssigkeitsmassen,,,,

'Bi e' invention "relates to a Hegelvorri chining" for bridge and / or volume of gas or liquid masses in relation to a surrounding or external medium mass, whose bridge or volume states more often less faster, May be subject to change ^1. Bie. Invention ^! - is also applicable to heterogeneous media systems), which eg äus "'' two-i '" ve ^; to which gases are formed, one of which is controlled directly by the device according to the invention, while the other is metered as a function of the Brucks' or the 'Volume®' or some other combination of factors,

.. · ■ -voö- For Hegeln "liquid ^1: or '- (yes ^ Maessen, for example, when dies.e be introduced into chambers certain _S: Ghwimmz.uständ, are to achieve e. already several methods known to drop in at the elevation. ships USAGE ^ bar ³¹ Q ^ * if, for example in some sections of the ship or in diving suits and dive boats,

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Diving bells or other static or dynamic _>. _{; 4:} Sa ^ eiiVorriGhtungeii injected compressed air is used ... In all these methods, systems are used ',' * which are manually or only slightly automati'söheSteiuieriuii'g 'eniifeite'n /' iQ ^ t the ^BrgBbSiiis; 'c & i ^: they ^r 13 ^: their © ^: r ⁽ working ^ W ^ eise ¹ ' slowly and heheh gehr wofeungs ^ olli-ttnd "s ^ rather- s ^ aid'y since they are excessively of 'me ^ nseiilichBTa Pn ^ ftlM ^ lxciike ^ tfeii "äb ~ ^; - 'hang, Also these systems can" zu ^ fötraeTatlißheii- "grass ^ -

as a result: the inevitable _{; i} Ajustreibjung

Hohe21l.agea3adier.tpg; in; a ^ # einatideipfojlg.enr ^ .deja .Seriell, .of ascending and descending movementsji.

,, ^ HrlS ^^ -. ^ JK Sibinding -is the. Removal of these parts, the device in question in its function with the operation of the Seliwimmblasensystgiiis a Fisctis comparable 'i'st, Hach den Srklarnnge'n; Hes B'i'r ^ ector des ZopibgisGhen Institute of the University'Florence> 'Giuseppe-Golosi, in his work "Miracles of the Sea" this enables · " System-the tissues -and.-organs of the Fischsy. despite their natural delicacy to the pressure of each water. deep e. to resist @ n ,. Biev-swim bladder of the fish corresponds in this one Case of a gas-filled room ,,, the, aμf. held an interior pressure which is always noticeably equal to the pressure,. its external environment is known to vary according to the ! Me'fe. etc. other factors are changing every moment

According to the invention, an arrangement of the above-mentioned kind has means for completing an ei'he'itt ¹ address speaking ^: the DrtiGk ¹ -eip ^ s' outer-n or: er: um · f ^ - "Yeran 'deriiareh' • Med ^ u ^ s-uiite ^ wipspf'enen Me _; diunisy · and means of controlling or bowling the> * so 4n ^: the first.

Eompr-es, si © ns, means produced pressure for the maintenance of the

Drüoks within pre-designated · sizes QVd '. ·? ■

gum ifBrsjtä ^ dngfes: der, Erf indujsg ^ ip ^ d ^ their ^. Arbedits-p. .., -.

^ = Π; Qi ft ^ 7 / A. # f R- - ^ ^ ϋ t>

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In it Helgen i ^T

Fig. 1 shows an example arrangement of the parts of a Control device according to the invention,

-Big, 2 one, large-scale detailed representation. One Control device for controlling the final pressure, d, h, des Degree of compression when the device is connected to a compressor,

Pig, Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a device part, namely that in Pig. 1 main container shown,

Pig, 4 a further embodiment of the main container,

Pig, 5 is a diagram of a two-cylinder compressor of a different type,

Pig, 6 a diagram of a three-stage compressor, ' which can also be used in the construction of the device according to the invention,

Pig, 7 is a diagram of a multi-cylinder compressor of another type,.-... "

Pig, 8 a vertical longitudinal section through a ship equipped with the control device according to the invention, '■ · ". ■■ - *;

Pig, 9 a modification of the structure of the device according to FIG. 8,

Pig, 10 a control pendulum for controlling the horizontal stability during diving, and

Pig, 11 half a cross-section through the hull of a submarine as a further installation option for the device according to the invention, .., /

With reference to Pig, 1 it should be noted that, with the exception of the required controls, all of the basic components the control device according to the invention outside the habitable hull 2 of a ship e.g. of a submarine or splendor, are 'arranged',

909837/0915 ί

A two-stage compressor. 1 is, together with the associated electric motor, to which it is connected in the known _- ..,. "-, ... manner, outside ;. the trunk it; _; 2 _; arranged. The Eompress or- 1 has a first stage T; · _: Cylinder 7 with one, inlet valve-5 and one outlet. 'valve, 4, and a two-stage cylinder 8. with a,; · -> ,, _x . Inlet valve 5 and .ein outlet valve 6. . For comparison, _<r ■ hütung of excessive pressure in the cylinder 7 _is: provided safety valve 9. To regulate the. During operation in the Ers _; t grad en cylinder ;. 7 built up, final pressure an automatic control device 10 is provided. . . . .

A throttle valve 11 actuated by the control device 10 regulates the gas or air flow from an inlet line 12 through the valve 11 to the inlet valve 3 that the gases from the first-stage cylinder 7 flow via the exhaust valve 4 and then the inlet valve 5 into the two-stage cylinder 8 or instead into a delivery line .14, which is the same as the line 12 with a. Container 15 is connected, which corresponds to the control tank / a conventional submarine. A third line 16 is connected to a number of high-pressure bottles 17 via the outlet valve -6 of the two-stage cylinder 8, .J. "■" -, ",

The control tank or container -1-5 is on the floor with " the water outside the ship in connection, so that this water in the container "up to one designated with 21 Height increases that of the equilibrium position of the submerged Submarines in the depth concerned. Within of the container 15 above the water level is a space 19 which is occupied by the gas, so that at a constant amount of gas the water from-de'r height 21 rise to a greater height 22 or to a smaller one Height 20 will fall, depending on whether the "depth,

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and d'ämit "the pressure of the water increases, or decreases, ^a Ule'se 'changes in the water level within the container 15 -" cause corresponding movements of the float 23, which by a rod 44 is connected to one "end of a two-armed hoist" 24 "whose '· ^; another -Shde a'-actuator -for a · valve. 27 'and, if' · erfOrderlieh, is also an electric switch 28, - The shift -des- ^{'float;: 2:} 3 · let "-the HeTDeI 24 depending on the Bewegungsrrchtühg" his -Arms the ^r' valve ' 27 or actuating the "electrical switch ^! 26" - actuated control element 26 from inside the trunk 2 - actuates a small electric motor 25, which with the ^: lever "24 and also, mi * b der-ani Schviinimer 23 fastened ^ rod 44 .gekup.pei.t.-istv; i the actuation of the motor 25 .; doesn’t just allow the swimmer 23 to be independent of: the height, the d; ie the. _; · V / ater, inside the container. Ί 5. reached - hatj, rise., Or «fall," but. Reverses- · also the -effect of the .lever · ■ ·. .. 24 to,:, as described below., Is,. It takes place while .'the operator holds the control element 2.6., Actuated, - in order to reach the desired water level within the _: container: -15, as indicated by the corresponding indicator .marked or. signaled, · ■ ·. .-, - ...

The valve 27 is located in the line 16 and is connected to the upper part of the container 15 by a further line 43, so that the actuation of the valve 27 by letting the float rise 23 open the space 19 in the container 15 with the bottle. 1-7 ■ connect, can, ■: · ^r :,.;. "-. ' -

I ¹ Ig, 2 shows a longitudinal section through: the device 10 'for "controlling" the "end pressure, which aims" to keep this end pressure constant, but at a level that does not exceed the extreme strength of the "itompressor walls," Xiäs housing 'of control device 10 "is over

a tube 2 ″ 9 and a regulator member 30 ′ with the inner “des

First stage cylinder 7 in the compression chamber of the Compressor 1 connected,

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The pipe 29 bifurcates into the branch lines 29a and. 29'b, the through'-one guest each ^v Änsöhluß ^! 'iiiit-. one in each case''^. ·:

stand'den ⁿ Koibön 5ΐ or / 32 voipfeunden ^ sinaV ^ The ^ -zttmri · «·?;.! ^^. '. = piston * 3V associated ^ tfeder"is' on '' ■ a pressure-adjusted ^ ¹ ! dei? is slightly lower than the 'hearing pressure ^ -in the first stage C-cylinder' 7V while- the ^: to the piston- ^{32; belongs;} Ped'er <; atif " ^: . 'a'eh'slightly higher: pressure is set' - 'is-. Έύ ^ ι ^ άοψρ & Ι ^ & β ^ ν Richtgesperre 33, whose teeth in opposite, / ^; R Richtungi indicate ^ ·· ^ .arbeatet 'with _; Lock-rklinken, together, ^ - which on each "of two rocking levers 34- ^ and 35- form one _: S ¹ OrIi, sentence ·. The .: Lever.-54: is with;, the _.; b; eiden; KöTbei.n. 31-, -.-., _; and 32 'kuppe-lt and causes ,,; that dfis latch _; nra.d ■. _r 33 in -., .., - .. dem · ührzeigersijm - Entgegengehet ζ t he Mchtyng vorrückt-, wä'hiiend '^ of ^ 3 ^ Ebel v.bei ^ 3: 6 .aji a- ^ pull rod, 38; v is ^ -: l © nkt.': is and -'bew? i.rkt;,; -. that the ratchet wheel,. ^ _r ^ ■ senses -advances.: - The.-Z.ugstäng; e_ 38 is .far, _with. einqm. -... _; two-armed lever connected, d'e-r · a ^ cam follower. ■ ..-.- = · .- ■ carries ,,, so .that at .qede.r, rotation dqs on the crankshaft;, of the compressor, 1 (Pig. 1) attached cam 37 _r the shaft 33 'bearing the ratchet wheel 33. The shaft 33' serves to drive the throttle valve 11

Irätgrad-cylinder. 7 he, in which is situated between the, press, on the ^ rthe piston 31 and _t 3 are 2eingestellt caused by the activities of the, piston 31 .der..Hebel 34..eine rotation of, ¥ _e lle 33 'to a ,; Amount given to a. Tooth of the ratchet wheel 33 _: ψ ^ - \ .-Speaks,: whereupon, then.during..de, see the same work session. of the rKompresspr one, turn around a ^ corresponding - . Amount in _: .the ■ opposite.direction,: _s because ^ der-Mo.ßken _; 37 and d | Le with, it cooperating ^ _ ^ Part-3B: 'And;: 36. on. den, - _: Lever 35. egg effect, der ;, on a_ equal,;] iPewege-um- jjewe4-l &. a. Tooth in opposite. . ;. set ^ directionTiei ^ rig ^ places, -. i & t. * _r $ te .. skins. 33J would thus return to their original position.

Λ, 5 «

Stf.ii ν -

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If, on the other hand, there is overpressure, the piston 32 in action; tre $ en. and the wave. 33 'by an amount turn that same; is two teeth, so that / at the next, through the squat 37, the rod 38 and the Lever 35 caused reverse rotation around one tooth, the shaft 3.3 ' obviously in the same compression work cycle is advanced by one tooth compared to its starting position.

If, on the other hand, there is a pressure in the cylinder which is too low for the piston 31 or the piston 32 to be closed actuate, the shaft 33 remains V with respect to the lever 34 fixed, but not with regard to the other lever 35 · As a result, the shaft 33 'is at the end of the relevant compression work cycle in a rotated back angular position, which is achieved by appropriate transmission on the throttle valve 11 to a higher final pressure in the compression work cycle leads.

Limitation stops 39 and 4-0 are provided for the strokes of the pistons 31 and 32, while others are adjustable Stops 41 and 42 interact with levers 34 and 35, respectively. From a detailed description of parts of the Equipment such as springs, etc., is omitted because it is the same as in other similar institutions.

The connecting pipe 29 allows the pressures in the first stage cylinder to also act on the pistons 31 and 32, and it is obvious that this can be achieved by air or gas coming directly from the compression chamber of the cylinder - or by means of an intermediate medium, e.g. by oil. In the latter case, this medium can in principle be contained in the control element 30, which is closed at the top and bottom by two auxiliary pistons 50 and 51, respectively, the piston 50 for transmitting the pressure from the first-stage cylinder 7 and the piston 51, for example as a storage or control device is used during the filling process _;

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; ; ■. e- 1902800

With regard to the mode of operation of the control device - According to the invention, three cases are to be considered ;; ' '

1...);. when the submarine is motionless; in a pre- ._....;, -, , agreed. Depth is, - .. _. ... - ..... . .,. .,

■ -2 ",) ■ -if changes in its- depth occur along a - ■" - ■: given vertical! Line., And- ■ ·> ■■ "■ - ^;>

3 «)" when the submarine is underwater «

In these "three diving cases, the compressor 1 (Fig * 1) must have been started from the first moment of diving", ^ " _: - - · -

In the first case, the swimmer takes within the. ... Tanks 15 a constant altitude, z, B, the altitude 21, so that the space 19 occupied by gas also contains a constant gas or air mass which is under a pressure equal to that in this depth The prevailing outside water pressure is, under these circumstances, the compressor 1 withdraws a constant gas volume from the space 19 through the pipe 12 in order to demand it back into the same space 19 during each compression work cycle through the duct 14, while the second-stage cylinder is idle and the valve 6 due to the constant pressure ^of: in the bottle 17; entharteneh gas "remains closed: begin If in this Gieichgewibhtslage of the submarine in this constant depth zum'Meeresboden a descent towards should ■ 'would with the increase of the The pressure of the outside water and the compression of the gas in space 19, the water level in the tank 15 and the float 23 rise ·or Gas is passed from the 'bottles 17 through' the 'line 43' into the room 19 until the ^: "'''-' ■ the swimmer has returned to its 'original altitude" 21- "' norms ¹ , -iri ^: the the in; its neutral division has returned: Lever 24 closes the valve 27 again. · - '"

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there,. If, on the other hand, the submarine to the surface / SI wins, it would have the air or gas in space 19 as a result of the lower Pressure of the outside water expanded and let the float 23 sink, for example, to the altitude 20. Through this actuated the lever 24, the electrical switch 28, which actuates the three-way valve 13, so that the out of the First-stage cylinder 7, instead of returning to the space 19, gas pushed out is passed on to the second-stage cylinder 8 is compressed to and after passing through the exhaust valve 6 and the line 16 to be stored in the bottles 17 until the float 23 is back neutral, original altitude. 21 has occupied, in that of the lever 24 the switch. 28 no longer actuated.

In the second pail, i.e. when the depth is along the vertical is to be changed, this change is made by transitioning from the altitude 21 in which the swimmer is 23 is initially located, either in the lower position 20, if to ascend to the surface, or to a higher position 22 if you want to descend to greater depths. So if the depth decreases or is to be ascended, needs the operator to operate only the switch or the control member 26 in the habitable hull in order to start the small electric motor 25, to shorten the telescopic rod 44 which connects the float 23 to the lever 24, so that the The float is pulled down to the desired altitude 20. At the same time, the lever 24 is now working in the comparison in the opposite direction to the previous pail, i.e. it now actuates valve 27, so that air or gas is released the .Flaschen 17 is sent to the room 19 until the Water in the tank 15 the desired lower level 20 has achieved what is indicated by light signals or indicators in the. Inside the habitable hull is displayed * Pressed the operator controls the control member 26 so that the parts are left as they were before, with

909837/0915

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would take the new setting of the float 23 and de.r correspondingly shorter length of the telescopic rod for the current neutral position of the lever 24. If, on the other hand, you want to descend to a greater depth, the operator operates the control member 26 in the opposite direction to change the working direction of the. To reverse small electric motor 25, so that the telescopic rod 44 is elongated and so the swimmer assumes a higher position, for example the altitude 22. At the same time, the lever 24 acts in the opposite direction compared to the previous case, that is, it actuates the switch 28 to bring the second stage cylinder of the compressor into play and thus draw off air or gas from the space 19 and close it in the bottles 17 Save as long as the water level in the! Thanks 15 has not yet reached the higher position 22. When this higher position inside the habitable hull is displayed, the operator stops operating the control member 26 and leaves the parts as they were, with the exception of the new setting of the float 2.3 and the longer length of the telescopic rod 44 for the current one JÜ Neutral position of the lever 24.

In the third case, i.e. when the submarine is already under The main advantage of the device lies after the water-drives and 'uses its screws and depth rudder Invention in that it provides a security element against Excessive depths forms leading to deformation and can even lead to compression of the habitable hull «Due to the way the compressor works 1 in combination with the automatic control device for actuates the ultimate pressure when the safety depth limit for the submarine is exceeded under normal conditions becomes, where.es is not possible, a higher degree of throttling at the inlet to the first-stage cylinder of the Compressor T to achieve the correspondingly larger final pressure in the cylinder, the safety valve 9 in such a way,

"909847 / 09-1 p

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that, for example, a 'suitable electrical' connection would be sufficient to trigger some kind of alarm, -if it "is preferred," the arrangement may be so designed that either air is injected into the ballast tanks or "a deflection of the down elevator is initiated until the submarine has returned to shallower depths is, with no supervision whatsoever on the part of the crew is required. No less interesting in terms of underwater safety is the possibility -always to trigger an alarm indicating excessive depth shortly before the safety limit is reached, simply by that the 'maximum throttle capacity is graduated by means of the valve 11, so that this limit some Meters before the maximum permissible depth 'is reached. With underwater travel under these conditions' it would not be required that all with the lever 24 und'dem float 23 related elements operate, since it is sufficient that the compressor ^ 1 ~ works continuously by Withdraws air or gas from space 19 and returns it there, which in the submerged state maneuvers the submarine usually with its oars, fins and propellers, so that change in the water level in the leverage tank 15-not is particularly important,.-.-.-..., ...

A further improvement in safety during underwater travel means the reduction of a hammer which is actuated by a cam which is moved by the revolutions of the compressor. This hainmer can be arranged in such a way that it strikes a bell or a membrane at one or several places inside or outside the U-'σσtrumpf -that it strikes by hammering "Generated sound-a'SiJnaT for" the crew ¹ is, - that something is not working properly ¹ -and it-is-indicated to return to the surface, - In-FIgZ-TI is-ΐ de * E compressor 1 ■ dense · -am'u-ewöiinbareni trunk - 81 · arranged.t, in-this. Case. the ^: hammer "'zvüit -Solilagen -auf den fuselage ^ used and .. is" t ^: dieW-orriehtung "-within- a -.- dea ?. Ballesttanks-. ■ ;. of the conversion 82 installed.

As a further advantage of the device according to FIG can be the compressor 1 in addition to the three already ■ described "basic cases" also used for this purpose will, in addition to filling the cylinders 17 when sailing above water, also the normal air cylinders of such vehicles, by direct air from the atmosphere, for example the valve 18 is sucked in, it being assumed that this valve is independent of the tank 15.

In the description of FIG. 1 it was said that the Tank 15 has an opening at the bottom to connect with the outside water. This construction can obviously be done without going beyond the scope of the er-. can be modified in many different ways.

For example, FIG. 3 shows another construction for the tank 15, which is compact and elastic and in which the space 19 for the gas forms the interior of the container 19. In this case, causes the contraction and expansion of the resilient walls 45, which are subject to the pressure of outside water during operation, in a similar manner corresponding actuation of the rod 44 and its eye closed members 24, 25 and 26 as in the analog .. components shown in Fig. A are shown. The auxiliary rod shows in the same way. 46 Contraction or expansion of the membrane or elastic wall a ^ t., Equivalent to the levels 20, 21 and 22 mentioned in connection with the preceding discussion.

Another construction example for the tank. :. or container 15. shows S ¹ ig :, 4 for cases in which it is not desirable that the outside water -47 in the. The tank penetrates, it becomes a mixture of liquid 48.;. is used, which is lighter than water or at least has a different density and is not miscible with v / aaser. This liquid 4b is located in an auxiliary tank 49 and actuates the float 25. In i'ig. "4", the parts which have the "same function as in the previous example, the:" have the same description symbols. - ■ - - "

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Instead of the compressor 1, others can also be used Construction types including rotary fans used if reciprocating compressors are used, these can be very simple in construction, e.g. those with an even number of cylinders, as in ! ig, 5 and 7, especially when in low Depths should be used or if the storage of air or gas in.! 'Tabs are low Press acts. In such cases the compressors can even be single-stage, but if it is more advantageous, To use air or gas under high pressure, it is preferable to use two or more stages, Fig. 6 shows such a compressor in which the cylinder 52 operates as described in connection with FIG. 1, while the remaining cylinders for filling the bottles 17 to serve. It is of course also possible to use the first and Replace second-stage cylinders and also put them in other ways to combine.

Regarding the application of the invention to light structures, e.g. surface ships or aircraft, is to notice that these are easy to use in the submerged state or without any fundamental reinforcement of their structures The following description is that of a real case of a surface ship s, which is built in the usual manner with watertight compartments formed by transverse bulkheads, as in certain cargo ships, particularly oil tankers such as that shown in Fig. 8, can be used. With this one Ship are the watertight compartments with 55 to 63 Department 62 is the engine room, which in this example is powered by a diesel engine.

Such multi-cylinder diesel engines are started with compressed air previously stored in bottles, see above that in this example it can be assumed that the filling of these bottles takes place in that an or-, χ; two cylinders of the diesel engine used as, compressors

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while the other cylinders are used in the usual way for ship propulsion. In this type of ship, the superstructures 64 are usually located at the stern _: The water line 21 applies to travel above the water.

For the diving event _t this oil tanker is equipped with a habitable chamber 65 in which not only the main control devices for diving but also the machine personnel etc. can be accommodated when they are not employed in the machine room 62. A hollow main mast 66 contains and protects the pipes for air intake and exhaust of the prime mover for near-surface underwater navigation. The mast 66 can also contain an auxiliary periscope and serve as a support for a small outer jiba observation post 67 near the surface 22. - The hollow hurry 66 can be used by the crew Can also be used to exit the craft if in an emergency it would not be advisable or useful to return the ship to the surface. To secure the lftaiarMrtat during underwater travel, the ship can be provided with depth rudders 68 of a known type,

In a ship equipped in this way, the control device is arranged according to Fig. 1 so that the compartment 59 functions as the tank 15 shown in Fig. 1 after the Division 59 with those described in connection with the tank 15 Auxiliary equipment is provided. The bow and stern compartments or tanks 55 and 63, respectively, are partial filled with oil floating on the water flowing from outside and fills the remainder of these tanks. By transferring oil from a tank on the other hand and by an automatic one explained below In this way, the horizontal stability of the ship is ensured when sailing between two waters. the remaining divisions 56, 57, 58, 60 and 61 are complete filled with oil or, in a known manner, with water, see above that the metal walls are not damaged by the pressure ' exposed to outside water. The machine room Department used 6.2. can in the usual way with air

909837 / 0915-

kept filled under a pressure substantially equal to that of the outside water, which leaves can easily be reached by the fact that the upper, part of the department 62 with the upper part of the middle or regular section 59 is connected.

If the ship is to dive * this can be done by that the tanks or ballast spaces are flooded with outside water * until the appropriate level is reached is, in which only the observation post 67 protrudes slightly above the water surface 22 and the machine for overwater travel can also be used for underwater travel. TJm in this position in regular department 59 and in Engine room 62 to maintain the bridge corresponding to the diving depth, no air from the storage bottles needs to be used, as the required air can be drawn in directly from the atmosphere through the mast 66 by the compressor in the engine room 62. By the control device already described in connection with Fig. · Which air or gas_i; a — a department controls has. Crew no difficulty in Division 59 and other associated rooms, e.g. the Engine room »den. Maintain gas pressure as this Pressure has a value similar to the pressure of the water in which the ship is sailing. To return to the surface only the tanks or ballast spaces need to be emptied of the water previously let in during diving to return to the swimming pool.

. .J ¹ Ig. 9 shows another version of the invention, which makes it possible to dive to greater depths than -with the., B ^ SjQi ^ canked length of the hollow. Loads 66, flexible tubes 69 are connected to a rope 70 which is attached to a buoy 71, which is towed by the ship, or which is equipped with its own drive. The flexible. "Ron-re 69 serve as intake and exhaust pipes for the internal combustion engine of the accurate ship, which in this way can travel to greater depths.

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The proper operation of the exchange of liquid between tanks or compartments 55. , and 63 provided circulation pump guaranteed automatic leveling device is shown in FIG and consists essentially of a pendulum 72, which at Lean of the ship in one direction or the other acts either on one contact 7.3 or on an opposite contact 74, whereby the circulation pump is operated in the appropriate direction until the ship has regained its horizontal stability.

The embodiments of the invention described so far are to be improved depending on the individual cases Features and properties can be changed in many ways. · ':

This would be the case with the ship according to FIG. 8, for example when using a multi-cylinder compressor according to FIG. 7, each of the cylinders 77, 78, 79 and 80 is advantageous to be used so that he can independently and with all accessories according to Fig. 1 one or more of the various water _ dense departments or independent groups supplied by departments of the ship, so that by the so used independent systems received greater security, will. ;

In certain cases, changes that offer particular advantages can be made with regard to the use of one of the cylinders of the ship's propulsion motor compressor 1, while the other cylinders continue to work as power-delivering cylinders, for example despite the fact that fewer cylinders are used when sailing over water which: drive force is to be maintained or increased, supercharging can be applied under specific known conditions. This supercharging of all engine cylinders can also be arranged in such a way that the excess air previously admitted into each cylinder is eliminated prior to combustion of the combustible mixture in order to prevent the corresponding combustion ^r ieder produce adequate compaction;. ies mixture ?..

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190290ό

- • 17 -

In this case, the control device 10 ″ can also with regard to the combustion or explosion pressures set " will. The removal of air from the cylinders could also be carried out during the moment in which the combustion is already initiated -is. The same can be said about others '' possible combinations of the same type, including those - which allow the use of the exhaust gases either for ■ Filling the "bottles 17" or any other water-tight Departments of the ship, or cases in which it is more advantageous - to go to greater depths go to the one in department 59 and the rest Make available clean air for one to work. small auxiliary motor is used, which is only in such Exceptionally, if emergency traps are used.

With regard to the regulating capacity of the device. at a certain depth, through which the device at every revolution of the compressor. 1, i.e. at high speed, i-ie-regulation can bring about, it is obviously - that. Such a table is improved can be with the help of a gyroscope, which itself for Submarines of considerable tonnage are not ■ very strong be, needs *

- examples of applying the invention to the metering of different atmospheres, for example in the case of a diver, is to reach a depth of about 300 m using a G-emischs of oxygen and helium as. Atmosphere, the appropriate graduated dose can be achieved at all successive depths by installing the system in such a way that the device of Fig. 1 controls or regulates the circulating helium, assuming that the bottles .17 are filled with helium * the liquid gas in room 19 $ after it has been enriched with oxygen. Is from a bottle equipped with a valve that works according to the external water pressure ^ feeds the diver's breathing mask,

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1902000

-re -: - ■■■■ - · ..-. ■■ ·.

and return the products resulting from the diver's breathing to the space 19; be after _; -. they have been cleaned as necessary. . '

The invention is also applicable to cases in which the surrounding medium of lake or river water has a different density, whereby it can be applied as a bowling device, as in the cases described above - Or spacecraft, if the medium surrounding the vehicle has a different density than water. If necessary, the basic device shown in Fig. T can be made easier, the compressor.1 can be replaced by an indicator or a current transformer which is based on a known substance "which, when subjected to pressure, changes its dielectric properties in order to act in the usual way according to the other conditions of the surrounding atmosphere on the space 19. Any other" known substance can also be used , electrical or * other processes are used as substitutes for the execution of analog functions, - '""' ■ .. "''..;;" ^: "

In summary, it can be seen from the above description that the invention enables watercraft or vehicles of any kind to be operated in other environments or atmospheres with only slight '"''' modifications, and that - it is with the same" Invention also possible, is j truck ^, with. Wheels. Fitted :! Capsules or tanks to drive on the seabed herzuri.ehteni ,. "* r by, for example, as shown in FIG easy * B erf orderuLiefren elements barren additional facilities to their structures - <- .. ■ -; ■:. Added." Be. '■. '- ^v ■ ■ · ■■ - ".-' ■■ -'- ■""'.

In the event of a leak in the circulating medium through the interior of the device, this 'medium through' known methods from the surrounding odea? outer Media mass are recovered,

Morst RöSö Petar

909837 / Ö9TS

BADORiGiMAL

Claims (10)

3353 BadGandanhiim, January 21, 1969 Braunschweiger Straße 22 Telephone: (05382) 2842 Telegram address: Siedpatent Bad Gandersheim Oscar Ferrer Munguet Patent application dated January 21, 1969 Patent claims 1. Re ge! Device for the pressure and / or the volume of a gas or liquid mass in relation to a surrounding or external medium mass, characterized in that it has means (1) for compressing an initial pressure similar to the variable pressure of an external or surrounding one The medium subjected to the medium and means (10) for controlling or regulating the pressure thus generated in the first compression means (1) in order to maintain the pressure within predetermined limits. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that it has means for controlling and / or warning actuated by at least one of the media. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that it comprises a container or a chamber with a membrane or elastic walls (45) for receiving it of the medium to be compressed. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it has at least one at least partially filled with gas or liquid previously compressed in the first compression medium (1) Container or tank for return to the container or tank (15) or for storage and means (27, 43) for return part of the stored medium to the Has container or tank. 2611/1 Rö / St 909837/0915 BATH ORIGINAL 5 · Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the container or tank (15) is connected with an auxiliary tank (49) used in direct Connection with the surrounding or external medium (47) is, the corresponding pressures to the first or main tank (15) are transferred by means of an intermediate liquid or medium (48) which the auxiliary tank (49) at least partially fills. 6. Device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least part of the machine game of an internal combustion engine as Compression agent is used. 7 · Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that exhaust gases or at least partially combustion products of a heat engine or an internal combustion engine used for control and / or actuation purposes. 8. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, in a surface vehicle or aircraft is installed. ^ 9 · Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the vehicle is designed for driving on the seabed is a prepared truck or other vehicle. 10. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a leveling device (72.73> 74) to improve the self-regulation processes when diving. ■ 11. Device according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized by their arrangement as an excess depth safety device in a diving suit, Submarine or arrangement of other diving or underwater equipment. Patent attorney Dipl.-Ing. Horst Räi * DipL-lng. Peter Kos el L e e r s e ι τ e