DE1816C - Innovations in the manufacture of enamelled iron goods - Google Patents

Description

1877.

Class 48.

EBEN COLBY QUINBY and JOSEPH CARY WHITING in ST. LOUIS. Innovations in the manufacture of ematilized iron goods.

Patented in the German Empire on September 28, 1877.

Our invention relates to the manufacture of enamel on iron objects and consists:

in the combination of a number of processes by which an enamel is produced and the iron is covered with a thin, stained layer of enamel.

The main requirement of a good ironware enamel is durability, which

ι. depends on their adhesion to the metal and

2. the thinner thickness of the enamel layer, which makes it more flexible and less inclined to break when the iron suffers an accidental pressure or substance.

Beauty of color and luster are also requirements of a good enamel; however may these are not taken into account at the expense of the durability of the coating.

The main purpose of this invention is now to produce an enamelled iron ware in which Durability and beauty are united. In the previous process, the iron received two or more coatings, the first of which was used to establish a firm connection with the iron, while a second coating colored with some kind of metal oxide served to give the article the required pretty appearance, about which then from time to time a third coating was added to produce the desired glaze. This method requires several repetitions, which are not necessary with our method, and generates an email of inferior goodness.

Our invention consists both in the production of a new enamel mass, as well as in a new process to provide the iron with the enamel coating.

As for the new mass first, it is made in the following way:

45 y ₃ kg silicate, 16 kg of soda, 34 kg of borax, 4% up to 9 kg gypsum, and arsenious acid in Verhältnifs of 1 '/ ₈ ρ Ct. the whole mass are intimately mixed with one another in a finely powdered state and melted together in a flame furnace to form a glass mass. In order to granulate it, the molten mass is allowed to run in water, whereupon the mass is ready for grinding.

The above relations can vary within certain limits without affecting the essence our invention is hereby changed. The mass achieved is permanent enough to achieve the required To combine glaze with the necessary adhesion and to produce an enamel coating, which neither flakes off nor absorbs moisture to the extent that the glaze could be destroyed thereby.

For the preparation of the enamel on iron goods we take 45 '/ ₃ kg of the above ground and grind the same in a so-called. Porcelain mill with the addition of 2' / ₄ kg clay, which might best weifsem Thon that feels significantly soapy. This addition of clay gives the enamel body and prevents it from becoming detached during the baking.

Grinding takes about a working day, but must it be continued for so long until the enamel mass is thoroughly ground and the clay is properly mixed with it.

We have found it advantageous to add calcined carbonate magnesia to the enamel mass and the clay during the grinding, in the proportion of 226 g to 45 and ₃ kg of the enamel mass. This salt serves to make the enamel less transparent, makes it appear speckled white, and to some extent prevents the iron base from giving the enamel its own dull, slightly offensive color.

After the mass has been prepared in this way, it is passed through a sieve run off in a tub, and then let it stand quietly for a day, after which you finally get it prepared as follows:

If necessary, the mixture is brought to the consistency of cream by the addition of water, and then so much sulfuric acid magnesia is added that the spread mass no longer runs off the surface of the product to which it is applied, or from the spatula like water , but forms a paste, which can be spread in a thin and even layer. We found that 57 g of magnesium sulphate for 45 ¹ J ₃ kg sufficient bulk.

If, as sometimes happens, the paste becomes thin and watery during application, so one carefully removes as much water as

Claims (1)

with a brief interruption of work comes to the surface and brings the mass through further addition of sulfuric magnesia to the desired consistency. The same result can be achieved to a certain extent if one uses the sulphuric acid magnesia of the mass added during milling. If the Mahlprocefs z. B. is interrupted at noon, the crowd has the Tendency to sit down quickly, and the stones at the top, which bent through during the grinding process Arms are moved over the bed stone, so firmly that the mill only more can be restarted with difficulty. To avoid that, this will Milling continued without interruption until the end. By adding a small amount We make this unnecessary for sulfuric magnesia; while in this way we wish it If we achieve a worthwhile result, we at the same time obtain for the crowd that for the eventual one Application required consistency. With the mass prepared in this way, the iron is coated after it has been previously. in familiar Way was annealed, stripped, scrubbed and washed. You have to look that the enamel coating is not applied too thickly and that it is evenly distributed. The applied mass is then dried, as if it is undried The condition wanted to burn, jump off and rub itself off. We effect this drying in an oven, its heat varies from 38 to 77 ⁰ C.; however, drying in summer heat can also be carried out in an ordinary closed room. The purpose of our invention is also the enamel coating a nice spotted appearance and we can see the nature of the stains through it vary so that we more or less the goods to be dried within the above limits expose to great heat. The higher the temperature, the smaller and less distinct the lower the temperature, the more pronounced and they emerge more clearly. The time required for drying depends on the thickness the enamel coating, the amount of moisture present and the selected degree of heat away. When completely dry the coating is either whitish in color with brown or red-brown spots and, when burnt, shows a grayish color with dark ones or dark and light colors. The firing takes place in an ordinary muffle with red or cherry red glowing heat, and the time required for this is about four minutes. The result is a beautiful spotted enamel coating, which adheres to the iron surface with great strength. If we omit the above-mentioned arsenic acid from our enamel mass, we have found that the enamel coating adheres less firmly and is a less valuable commodity is achieved. Furthermore, we have found by trial and error, that a lot, as indicated above, namely 1 _^3/4 kg 50 kg silicate or the whole mass of 115 kg an email from the desired quality it follows. We do not claim the addition of this acid as our invention, since it was previously added to the mass in small amounts in order to take away the green shimmer from the enamel which it otherwise receives in the presence of iron. We have also found that in our process there is only one coating and one time Burning is best. Patent Claim: The process for the production of enamelled iron goods in such a way that that from the complete vitrification of silicate, borax, soda, gypsium and arsenic acid one Enamel mass is formed, which granulates by pouring it into water, then with additive ground of clay and carbonate of magnesia and then passed through a sieve; this 1 Mass either in the mill or in a container or in both with sulfuric acid To treat magnesia, to provide the iron with a coating of this mass, towards this dry and bake as explained above.