DE1785502A1 - Polyethylene terephthalate threads, yarns and cords - Google Patents

Description

E. I. DU PONT DS NEMORS AND COMPANY 10th and Market Streets, Wilmington, Delaware 19898, V. St. A.

Polyethylene terephthalate threads, - Yarns and Cords

The invention relates to polyethylene terephthalate threads, yarns and -Cords, which are particularly suitable for reinforcing have elaetomeric structures.

Polyethylene terephthalate threads are well known, but the combination of high strength, high elongation and high resistance to flexural fatigue has so far been possible in these Threads cannot be reached. This combination of properties gives these threads an ideal suitability for those purposes where tensile strength and good lateral properties are required

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· Solehe threads would look especially for reinforcement of elastomer counterfloors, such as pneumatic tires, V-belts, tarpaulins and solesearch are suitable

The invention relates to polyethylene terephthalate threads, "yarns and cords, which are characterized by a thread breaking strength of at least 10 g / den (based on the Ti · ter at break)," an elongation at break of at least XO & a molecular weight of the polyethylene terephthalate corresponding to a relative Viscosity between 47 and 10O ₉ a molecular orientation between the thread axes that is sufficient for a speed of sound between 4 and 6 ke / sec., A degree of crystallization that is sufficient for a density between 1.57 and 1.42 g / ear, and a ■ mean distance between crystal! ten (or between areas of high crystallinity) that is sufficient to result in a long period distance of at least 125 8 wind

These threads are obtained, meanwhile, on a polycondensate which is formed from at least 95 % recurring ethylene glycol terephthalate units and has a relative viscosity of at least 49, the tension on the course of the spun thread in the solidification one to less than 0.028 g / den holds and then the FMden at a tea temperature of 80 to 255 ⁰ C.

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at least 5,7faehe its length in the unstretched Zuatar ι νarstreckt, wherein is carried out at least the last part of Verstrekkung at a temperature above 140 ⁰ C. The polymer used for the threads according to the invention is a high molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate, ie a polycondensate which has at least 95 % and preferably at least 97% recurring ethylene terephthalate units of the formula

is formed. Up to about 5 mol #, preferably less than 3 moles of other ester-forming units supplied will. Such other ester-forming units, which can be present in these smaller amounts, are DlätkylengXy kol, other polymethylene glycols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, hexahydro-p-xylylene glycol, other aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, bibenzoic acid, p-terphenyl-4,4 "-diearboxylic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid and the like or small amounts of aliphatic acids, such as adipic acid, or a hydroxy acid, such as hydroxyacetic acid.

The inventive threads are formed from polyethylene terephthalate with a sufficient molecular weight to to give relative viscosity of at least 47. the

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are characterized by a tensile strength of at least 10 g / den (based on the titer at break) and an elongation at break of at least 10 #.

The molecular weight can be expressed in terms of the relative viscosity. The relative viscosity here is the ratio of the viscosity of a 10 # solution (2.15 g of polycondensate to 20 ml of solvent) of polyethylene terephthalate in a mixture of 10 parts by weight of phenol and 7 parts by weight of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to the viscosity of the phenol-trichlorophenol-Geraisches as such, expressed in the same units at 25 ⁰ C, to understand. The threads produced according to the invention have a relative viscosity between 47 and 100, preferably 50 and 70.

The degree of molecular orientation along a thread axis can be determined on the basis of the "speed of sound", with higher speed values signifying a higher degree of orientation. The relationships and test methods applicable to the speed of sound are described by Charch and Moaely in Textile Research Journal ^ Vol. 29, July 1959, p. 525. The speed of sound (unit. Km / sec.) Is determined in summary by using known devices a sound wave with a frequency of 10,000 Hz over a known distance the polymer structure

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can run through. In determining the here mentioned The threads were kept under a tensile stress of 3.0 g / denier for sound velocity values. According to the invention The threads obtained have sound speed values in the range from 4 to 6 ktn / sec »up.

The degree of crystallinity length of a thread can be through Density measurements are determined. The density values given here (unit g / cnr) are in a density gradient cylinder determined by observation of the equilibrium height of a short thread sample, which was carefully calibrated and inert Liquid mixture of changing density depends. The liquid mixture is formed from n-heptane and carbon tetrachloride. The density of the threads produced according to the invention lies between 1.37 and 1.42 g / onr.

The mean distance between crystallites (or in areas high crystallinity) along a Fadenachae is related to the "long-pearl distance" from small-angle X-ray scattering determinations is obtained, which are carried out by known methods, one lets an X-ray radiation known wavelength, e.g. B. CuKot radiation of 1.54 8 wavelength, perpendicular to the fiber ahee by the fiber pass through and records the diagram photographically. One under-

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seeks the discrete meridial scattering at small angles. ie angles less than about 1 °. On the basis of a measurement of the displacement of the radiation with respect to a straight line and the spatial features of the device, the recurring distance d can be calculated using Bragg's equation ηλ. = 2 d sin θ, where η is the constant 1 (first order refraction), / L is the wavelength of the incident radiation and θ is the Bragg angle. The long period distance is equal to the value of d, expressed in the unit $. A more detailed explanation of methods for determining small-angle X-ray diffraction is contained in Chapter 12 by HP Klug and LE Alexander, ^M X-Ray Diffraction Procedures, "John Riley & Sons, New York, New York, V. St. A., 1954.

The threads according to the invention have a long period spacing of more than 125 S. Suitable ones above this minimum value Long period intervals depend on the molecular weight of the Polycondensates and the molecular orientation and crystalline dismissed the thread. This dependency is graphically shown in the Drawing explains in which a function of the speed of sound, Density and relative viscosity according to the form

χ - 2.4455 SV - 17.641 <$ + O, O4O85 RV + 16.0820

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(SV = speed of sound, 3 is density and KV is the same relative viscosity) as abscissa values against the Langpericdenato level is plotted as ordinate values. If the speed of sound, the density and the relative viaeosity Within the above ranges, the values must be such that χ is less than 4.8, the threads must comply of the invention has a long period spacing of more than $ 165 aur., c ^ oen. If χ is between 4.8 and 6.1 Ä, the long period distance must be equal to or greater than that the values (n) be on the * line EP. If χ greater than 6,1 long-period distances of more than 125 Å are suitable.

High molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate can be obtained by known processes and with known catalysts (e.g. Geraäss USA patents 2,916,474, 2,647,885 and 2,534,028) Although processes for the production of polyethylene terephthalate with a relative viscosity of more than 47 have been described this polycondensate is scnmelzgesponnen not yet au threads. the fact that information about melt-spun polyethylene terephthalate Päden with a relative Viacosität ranging from 47 to 100 missing so far is verstär.dlich when _t the difficulty polycondensates having such a high melt viscosity handle the need for spinning temperatures above normal values and then the need for stronger pre-pressures suitable for high pressures

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directions as well as the previously valid view taken into account, that in the case of polycondensates with a relative viscosity of more than about 25 or 40 in relation to the thread properties no benefits are to be expected.

The difficulties of handling molten Polyethylene terephthalate with a relative viscosity in the range described here will be even clearer when the melt viscosity is compared with that of the polyamide. The melt viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate and 66 nylon (determined at shear strengths of less than 10 Sec. ") Are different for two in the following table contrasted with high relative visoosities:

Relative Melting Co3ltät, P (304 ⁰ C)

TloSile ^{tafc 66 Ν} * ^1οη polyethylene solution? terephthalate

50 750 5800

70 1700 22 000

The spinning conditions for the production of the threads according to the invention must be chosen so that they affect the solidifying The tension acting on the threads is unusually low and the spun thread material is thus able to pass through before it is drawn

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is characterized by a very low msticular orientation. The filing of the orientation in the spun thread material is essential if the necessary drawing ratios are to be obtained in the subsequent drawing. The sponner ^ thread material should have an optical birefringence of less than e ⁴ ; wa 0.00 ^ 0 and preferably less than about 0.0020. To achieve these birefringence values, the tension on the spun yarn path, determined at a point below the cut-off zone prior to any contact of the solidified filaments with any surface, must be less than about 0.028 g / denier and preferably less than 0 * 012 g / denier (the tifcer values given here refer to the titer of the solidified, non-drawn yarn material). It is preferable to work with lower tension in the yarn path; in practice, a lower limit of around 0.0001 g / denier can result.

A preferred mode of operation in the production of the threads according to the invention to achieve a low tension on the The thread run when melt spinning high molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate is to delay the solidification of the threads, by cooling the polycondensate over a distance of several centimeters directly under the spinneret withholds, d. H. the deterrent is delayed. The cooling should be held back in such a way that most of the titer

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Refinement occurs before the threads have solidified enough to allow internal tension to develop. The regulation of the Ablriihlgescimindigkeit he can cowardly by putting the thread bundle directly under the spinneret rat a suitable heating device, eg. B. a muffle furnace or a heated cylinder surrounds. Wax a preferred procedure, an enclosed space, wherein the squeezed filaments surrounding immediately below the spinneret face, a current is of a to a temperature above the Schoielzpurirs c-es: above about 300 ⁰ Polycondensates, ie above about 270 ⁰ C and preferably z.uf C heated gas (e.g. dry air or an inert gas) is supplied. The enclosure should be designed or arranged in such a way that the heated gas remains in contact with the threads over a distance of several centimeters. A delay in cooling to 30 to 60 cm is usually sufficient for spinning heads of about 450 m / ton. and polycondensate viscosities from 49 to 60. At higher speeds and higher viscosities it may be necessary to hold back the cooling for distances up to about 120 esa.

According to a preferred spinning process, the speed of the initial cooling of the extruded threads is regulated so that it is within certain limits as follows :

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Q-Jb O- Di ν. £ Α

T - Ί?

A decreased temperature, Y, is as -— ψ —— - and a

ioV ^s

Time-dependent, X, as AGG ^l "än7g ⁱ aden ^{'definlert» T} * ^obei

7: the Qasteniatura adjoining the spinneret surface- ° (in ⁰ C),

T is the temperature of the gas envelope surrounding the threads at a distance L from the spinneret (in ⁰ C).

T is the spinneret ^{temperature (in 0} C) -

L any distance from the spinneret (in m),

m / sec. the spinning speed and

the / thread the thread count of the solidified * not drawn Threads is.

The conditions must be chosen so that the fraction V λ between O ₅ OOl as a minimum and 0.08 as a maximum is within the delayed cooling zone. For higher molecular weight polycondensates and higher spinning speeds, Y / X should preferably approach a value of 0.001. The guest room. As mentioned above, T must be above 270 ^° C .; she

^s o

can be very high in high molecular weight polycondensates and high spinning speeds values "like 700 ⁰ C, have. Temperatures above about 700 ^° C. usually do not lead to further improvements and cannot easily be maintained on a practical working scale. 10S8A0 / 1A0Ö

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BAD OR.GiNAL

According to a preferred procedure for the production of the threads according to the invention, the molten polycondensate is pressed into an atmosphere of an inert gas, ie a gas that is essentially free of oxygen. Suitable inert gases include hot nitrogen and hot carbon dioxide as well as inert organic vapors. The use of an oxygen-free gas directly below the spinneret greatly reduces the degradation that is obtained at this point when extruding polycondensates with a relative viscosity of more than about 50 or 55. By using an oxygen-free gas, a global reduction in the loss of relative viscosity that normally occurs, such as by 5 to 6 units, can be obtained, while at the same time the normally occurring gain in carboxyl group content largely, such as by 6 to 8 fiqu./ 10 g * is reduced. The improvement obtained with an inert gas is by use of polymers with higher relative viscosity, ie from 75 to 100, more pronounced.

Below the zone of controlled, delayed quenching, the threads are introduced into a zone of rapid quenching in which an unheated or cooled gas (air) is blown against the threads, for example across the threads or radially inward with respect to the threads can be done. The Fä-

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n-360-mv:

any solid material may only touch it if the Temperature of the thread run on a point under the freezer temperature (transition temperature of second drainage) lowered i ?.

The next, essential step in the production of the thread according to the invention consists in the hot drawing of the non-oriented, spun thread material. The stretching stage can be coupled with the spinning stage to achieve a continuous process, or the spun thread gu * can be made into packages and later in a separate operation, stretching ratios of less than 5 * 7 do not result in a sufficient orientation of the fiber around the Requirements of the present invention to meet. Stretching ratios greater than about 1 " ¹ in view of work difficulties ^. Thread breaks w: * such a thing usually does not do justice to practice. After a vorzugten operation during stretching, the Fadengut i: a steam jet stretched, wherein the yarn path for heating the filament material on stretching temperature high ueieclTr'r * iiigkeit-tasting, superheated steam is passed on = steam temperature ^ in the range of 175 HI3 450 ⁰ C sif-d suitable """Higher molecular thread materials are best spread at the higher temperatures." With this special method, one can use kai ton feed rollers (i.e. with a temperature of less than 65 ⁰ C) and cold Streekvaisen ar

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belt, but in some cases it may be desirable «hot Streokwalzen, z. B. of more than 140 ⁰ C, to reduce the residual ear sump of the finished thread material and to improve the formation of thread packs when winding.

In the following examples, the preparation of the invention measured threads described:

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Example

a) Bis-ß-hydroxyethyl terephthalate is continuously produced from ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate according to the method of US Pat. No. 2,829,155 and fed through a heated line to a second container for polymerization the pressure releasing on the system is reduced _v to remove vaporous by-products? whereby a nieäermolekularss prepolymer is obtained. In the form of a slurry in ftlykol, about 0.1 # ^Ti0 2 (sucked ^on the polymer weight) is added Stirred vessel (final treatment) in which the temperature is increased to about 310 ° C. and the absolute pressure is reduced to about 1 am Hg. The polymerization is continued until the relative viscosity of the polymer has risen to about 57

High viscosity polycondensate obtained in the above is pumped from the final treatment tank through heated lines of a spinning device on which the Polycondensate using conventional sand packing and a 192-hole spinneret (hole diameter 0.3 mm) at a temperature of 300 ° C echmelz re-pons is directly below the spinneret, the 4'.isge

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U v *

pressed threads through a vertically arranged, heated cylindrical tube of about 0.3i length _{T in} order to greatly delay the cooling of the threads on this route, the temperature of the tube (also known as warmer) is 375 ° C, from which you can see a cooling rate r Y / Xp yields of about O ₉ OO25, · BSIA> leaving the protection of the heated cylinder, the squeezed filaments danr brought together to deter transversely flowing cooling air (genäse US Patent 2,273,105) the voltage dee Paderilaufs is Q _P OO26 g / den the Then threads run over an orphan? on which a sliding equipment is applied, and d 1;: .. ^ nn ^ Ine not heated® conveyor roller _r which with · an o ^ sa .- .. 'i ^ digkelt of 229 m / min-, works »on this Samples of the thread material taken at points have a birefringence of O, 0005

The threads then run from the conveyor roller through a Dompf nozzle, at which steam at a temperature of 350 ° G is applied to the thread run in order to heat the thread and create a draw point. the receive enough with ge "speed revolves _p to a draw ratio of 6.25 obtained zn the threads come out with a conventional winding

The thread material obtained has a tensile strength of 9.6 g / denj> an elongation at break of 15 $ and a (Ι \ ϊ) _ο · c of Oj.77 g / don Beaogen on the titer at break enters the

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16 BATH

Tear strength 11.2 g / den.> The loop strength of the thread material is 5 »1 g / den, which results in a ratio of loop strength to tear strength in the straight state of O ₉ 53. The Fadengut is formed of a polycondensate "which has a relative viscosity vcn 52 and having not more than 3 calculated MoI ^ _v as Kthergruppen contains Diäthylenglykolp. The thread material also has a density of 1.3923 g / car, a speed of sound of 4.82 km / sec and a long-period distance of ißQ Α.

To produce an 840/2 (92 tex / 2-ply) tire cord, the thread material produced in the above manner is twisted with 5 Z twists / co. Two of the yarns obtained are pinned and twisted with 5 S twists / c. The cord is twisted in two stages "hot-stretched" where the first stage is carried out with a stretch of -2 "/ * at 232 ° G and the second stage with a stretch of 5? S ₉ based on the initial length at 177 ° C. In both stages, the exposure time is 80 seconds .. The tensile strength of the cord is 7 »8 g / den * which corresponds to 81 fo the value that would have been expected for a 100 # tensile strength conversion factor of the initial thread material.

b) To explain the critical importance of a polycondensate with a high relative viscosity, the above procedure (a) is repeated with the modification _f dasa the polycondensate carried out at the spinning point has a relative Vipcosität of 29 The thread material is essentially the

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Relaxed and stretched in the same way "The thread material obtained" has a density of 1.3952 g / cra, a speed of sound of 4 "57 km / sec and a long period distance

of 156 A. The cord produced (a) has a tensile strength of only 5 »3 g / den - the tensile strength conversion ratio here is only 61? S,

c) To explain the critical importance of the spinning conditions, procedure (a) is repeated with the modification that no attempt is made to direct the cooling of the spun threads directly under the spinneret the threads are exposed to the cross-flowing cooling air as soon as they leave the spinneret surface. The tension on the thread run turns out to be 0.0285 g / den, and the birefringence of the spun thread material is 0.0080.Bine drawing of these threads to a draw ratio of more than about 4.2 turns out to be impossible, which would make the completely drawn thread material one Tear strength of only 8.8 g / den and a (Λΐ) ο c of about 2.5 g / den, Further examination of the thread shows that it has a density of 1.3950 g / cm, a speed of sound of 4, 55 km / sec, and a long period distance of 145 A. A cord made from this thread material has a breaking strength of 5.1 g / den, which means a breaking strength conversion factor of only 58 i> .,

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Ep. A series of polycondensate prol-ony is produced using methods of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol as in Example 1 _P a geaporinan. and veratrecki; (For conditions see Table I) Two different stretching processes are used, one is a two-stage "Hainewalzenverstrecki.") ^: And the other a one-stage stretching, in which · ΐ: ^τ . Paclengut passed a Danipi nozzle at the stretch point _; The E-Ig ³ "shafts of the drawn Faäenguteo are shown in Table XI.

Rfifencord samples are made ₉ earth: in man άειο Padengut with 5 s ~ dr <jhimgen / c; rt örallty swoi the eriu.ltenen yarns ply and twisted with 5 twists / approx. By Ccr 5 is then in two stages hot ^ erstrockty and 7, was in the '* ■ re th stage by 5 ° f at 205 ° G and ier sweiten Π-ufe to *' f. At 220 '0- This Conditions lead su Corden ai " - ::. Nem " ■: "■. Coef 'isients of etvm 7» 5 · ^ ^ ie gcrlfeatigkeit · let ir der -H ⁸ I Ie called,

Values of the control test K explain ü: .ö- Ei g * ?: och aft on d: ', e iscluiischi Pä ^' - r available for today; ε, ^ ΐ? Polyäthy.ien'ierepl · ^Γ '1αε, ^

ld he in; &H

^ iocli are Ei.n-3 3l3tr-ac.:.riun.g d2.:> T ^ colls-iv / er-ti ;. e-sί, /; - '· the Überg-arhöit froze ^ ä ^ an geniiSu · csr E ^ fiLr.d'uT ^ ülie :? ti: '.- :; ! - ". outrol '.-. ^: ^ n

109 R /, 0/1 /, G - 15 -

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O Spinning conditions Tempe thread length Ge Double Iyyyyy [e _o I
Stretching conditions • ντο
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ω Probä rature number of Schwin -pel- Conveyor roller 229 nozzles ™ - roller 987 roller 1462 stretching
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C. 1737 6 _r 42 305 192 38 229 0.0009 102 273 without 150 1188 225 1839 6.38 A. 290 192 38 273 0.0015 109 229 without 155 1449 224 - 6.76 B. 290 192 33 273 0.0010 109 229 without 155 1440 224 6.36 C. 310 192 33 229 0.0009 cold 229 355 cold 1462 - 6 _f 3O D ¹ 300 192 38 229 0.0006 cold 229 360 cold 1531 6.4 E. 32Γ) 100 30th 229 0.0018 cold 229 400 cold 1531 - 6.7 » ϊ 325 100 30th 229 0.0021 cold 229 400 cold 1587 6 ₇ 7 G 320 100 30th 229 0.0027 cold 496 450 cold 2034 2788 6.9 H 320 100 30th 229 0.0024 cold 450 cold I. 294 200 without 496 0.0012 80 without 125 165 K
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By plying and twisting deo Faclengutes D from Example 2, an 850/1/2 tire cord with an impact coefficient of T »5 is formed. The cord is subjected to a two-stage hot stretching process and is first immersed in an aqueous mixture containing a polyepoxide ("Kponite 100" from Shell) and a dispersed, one-part3 phenolic adduct of the methylene-bis-phenolioocyanate, and then at an exposure time of 60 seconds to 205 ° C and ρ i <> vsr. The Oörd is then immersed in a Reoorcin-Pornaldehyd-7ir.yi ^ y: -idin-Latexkxebstoff and ^{stretched at 210 ° C 0 e} / >> the duration of action is about 60 seconds. The cord obtained has a total titre of 1 787 denier? a Reissfostig- kiilx of? _r 3 g / d and an elongation of _12: 9 i> - Mi ': · dioaeai cord is according to conventional known method, a 8 * 50 χ 14 "Vieifach-vehicle tires built up (the inch ateilt the usual measure for tires in Germany is ), The tire is subjected to an accelerated test for durability _P with the tires running in the inflated state and under a load "which allows a 24-degree bend in the tire profile" at 56 km / h on a steel disc with a _{diameter of 1 P} 22 ε is left * The ambient temperature is 38 ° 0, iTach ") e8 * i.aS'ter Pi'iJfur.g the tire is" dismantled and 4 ".te breaking strength dos Cordea on an Instron-Eug strength tester ... The Jirgobnisoe are converted to Progent strength loss Jo ϊίκ) 0 kra. The Corde geasäee öer invention result »

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here ΐλΛ-2-r. Festiglceifcavarliwi; vcn 2,5 ', i /' - SOO ic.:. ..- i: at eiiis'Si equivalent tires, tier mt lsi trade v * jr ^? -.ii "^ efhnisi> h« is polyethylene terephthalate? & d entia-terial "rο ■ before EeiopieX 2) is built up _: > the strength & yer ^ tt aer the same test 11 _r 5 y5 / 160 km is-

When examining the carcass3finfe9tigki? L'c one in de? cbr.gen "'/ eise With · 3 -.? τη thread material straightforward invention" rergentell -ien Seif-in £ i will a JCoXbenen ^ rgie ro / i 124 kg-m fer ^; ! .ulten _; -viaareiä ε · in structures equivalent to control tires? -la :? rai'i e; ΐ ^r; commercially available iadenmatorial is built up, -iinen W <- r · - ~ '"on 57 Isri'ii» results These values mean a ΕτΙιγ'γϊλ ^ λ ^ r ^: strength of soaps built with the Fadexsaaterialien jjenäsa of the invention of 27 $ «

Help proves to be in other relationships in the C -.- .. oai'ver \ pslyKxidrerstärkte Heifen as at least equival'ir- * and d --- PolyaEidrsifen in an important property far beyond -j which the recognized best; .ä "■ -"anO-; v-srfagt-srsn tires represented, suffer from the irs- ^ heInUn ₄ -: "training tone" flaoh spots ", a help out of round he it, 5ie ■■ _: a '-bumping' noise while driving leads to _f . vähr ;; nii tires built with polyethylene terephthalate cords do not show this phenomenon =,

Example 4

Geechmolmnee polyethylene terephthalate; with a relative 7xx * soaitrite of 60, a spinning device is fed in * ;, d '.- rch.

: - 3 4 0 / U ('; 0

driven a sand pack and extruded through a 192-hole spinneret / on 315 ° O "the squeezed filaments just below the spinneret with a ,, isolated cylindricity-quake, foraminous ring (warmer) of 12j7 cm length surrounded _p by the passing a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide of 335 ° C with respect to the filaments is directed radially inward on the ring is a 48 cm long, insulated cylindrical sleeve attached _t which forms a chamber in which the squeezed filaments to 61 cm with the hot, inert gases into contact remain the cooling rate, Y / X, on these 61 cm initial duration Trek = ke is about O _r OO2 $ h about 15 cm below the sleeve of the heating zone enter the squeezed yarns in a second; A cylindrical tube with small openings about 405 cm long, through which air at room temperature is directed inward in a radial direction with respect to the threads in order to blow off the hot gas from the first zone and to initiate the quenching of the threads Pass from this quench cylinder down about 76 cm of still air at room temperature and then enter a vertically arranged, open-ended direct current quenching tube about 2.13 m long and 23 cm in diameter, through which the movement of the filaments themselves air Room temperature is pulled through. At the bottom of the DC quenching tube, the tension on the thread run is about 0.007 g / den and the thread temperature is about 50 ° C. The quenched threads are then orphaned

. ₃ * ~ 10 9840 / UOO

BAD OBiGiNAL

v. to which an antistatic layer is applied? and then run over a conveyor that rotates at 457 m / min and is kept at a temperature of 50 ° ^C. The threads run from the conveyor orphan through the steam nozzle with which steam is applied to the pad material to initiate the stretching with a temperature of 400 ° C is performed, and then to and around a pair of drafting rollers, which rotate at 2743 m / min and are kept at a temperature of IuO ⁰ G, the drawn thread bundle is then subjected to a kind of "interlacing" by passing it through a Düsseldorf US Pat. No. 2,985,995 and then wound onto a conventional package

In the described elsewhere ₉ critical Gharak "terisierungsprüfungen gives the veratreckte Padengut a long period Itöntgenabstand of $ 174" a sound velocity of 4 ₉ 65 km / sec (determined at 3 * 1 g / d); a tive Vii'cosität the polycondensate of 52 and an average pad density © of 1 3994 g / cm-,

Padengut obtained has an animal of 840 denier, a tensile strength of 9.3 g / denier at 14% elongation (based on the killer in the case of brewing, a release strength of 10.8 g / denier) and a? Initial modulus of 115 g / den. If the Padengut is processed into an 840/2 leifeneord, the individual yarns of which are marked with 4 _S ? & ~ Or% * hungen / co twisted and twisted with 4.5 Z-twists / cm, a resistance conversion factor of about 85 % is achieved

1038AG / U00 - 25 -

example

A series of polyethylene terephthalate fibers is used to explain the relationship between thread structure and thread behavior
manufactured _s whose physical properties fall into two groups. The first group (according to the invention) is made up of threads
formed whose properties and behaviors correspond to the present invention «d ° h> which have high strength
and have a superior flexural fatigue strength »The second group (control samples) is made up of threads, the vernal modes of which are typical of the state of the art. All thread samples are subjected to the tests described earlier to characterize the structure; the results are summarized in Table III ₉ which also cites the tensile strength (based on the titer at break) as a characteristic value for the behavior of the thread material
points illustrated in the drawing to ground- all
threads according to the invention lie in the area ABCDEF ₉ while all control samples are outside this area

109840 / UOO

§AB ORIGINAL - 26 -

Table XXX Vrohe Fadens truktujr Rs l

174 180 5a 175 5b 168 148 149 5s 139 5 ar 5g control 136 rehearse 153 5h 148 5i 138 53 148 5k 51

4.82 t _? 3943 52 4.62 1, -3925 51 4.50 1.3940 50 4.72 1.3960 50 4.92 1 ₉ 3814 50 4 * 06 1.3805 50 4.38 1.3806 50

4.12 U3924 29 4.21 1.3918 48 4.49 1.3953 28 4 _S 12 1.406? 35 3.82 1.4055 29

1098A0 / U00

- 27 -

Langperio ~ Scarf "U Diahi"; Relative ΐ®? **

the ~ Ab ~ ₀ swing / cm Viii cc- a,, stood; A digkeit, sit St ^e '

kn / sec

10.4

10.7

10 _s 6

10.3

10.7

10.9

11.0

6.7 7.7 ε% 5

8.2

Claims (1)

D-380-Div «November 4, 1968 Claim ^Polya> thylentarephthalat * FSden * yarns and -Corde, labeled in * characterized by a yarn tensile strength of at least 10 g / denier (based on the titers at break), an ultimate elongation of at least 10%, one molecular weight of the polyethylene terephthalate in accordance with a relative Vieoosit t between 47 and 100 »a molecular orientation between the thread axes that is sufficient for a speed of sound between 4 and 6 km / sec., a degree of strength that is sufficient for a density between 1.37 and 1.42 g / cm-, and a mean distance between Crystallites (or between regions of high crystallinity) sufficient to give a long period spacing of at least 125 % . 109840 / UOO