DE1771700A1 - Production of slag surfaces and structures and composite structures obtained from them - Google Patents

Description

1BERLIN33 B MUNICH

Dr.-llig.HANS RUSCHKE

Dipl.-Ing. HEINZ AGULAR

^ j K Dr.-llig.HANS RUSCHKE Piertt.nauer Str.Be

Pat. Dr. Ruschke ** patient attorney Agular

SSn »DilI HEINZ AGULAR

Postal checking account: PATENTANWÄLTE η. _u j. _L 7 ^87Ζδβ Berlin West 74 M KAI CIN I AN W All C Postal checking account; Bank account: Munich 882 77 Bank I. Trade ti. Industry bank account: Depot itenkaase 82 Dresdner Bank Berlin 33 Ί Γ? * 7 1 * 7 Π Π Munich Teplitzer Strasse 42 I / / I / U U Dep.-Kassel LeopoldttraBe

Account 32 7608 Account 69 BIS

Telegram address: Telegram address: Quadrature Berlin Quadrature Munich

L 352 Dr.Pa/G _e

■ uloyd G. Welty, Beverly Hills, California, V.St.v, A. J. Bluter, Los Angeles, California, V.St.v.A.

Manufacture of varnish surfaces and structures and_ composite structures obtained therefrom

The present invention relates generally to the manufacture, of traffic-bearing composite surfaces and other structures useful for a variety of purposes Goals are applied and have properties conducive to road safety. In particular, the invention the production of such structures from slag.

ii-s is already known, composite surfaces and structures for making roughly similar targets from other materials. For example, UÖA Patent 2 925 831 discloses a chopped up slag-like material of volcanic origin used for this production.

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It has now been found that slag, which was previously only a worthless waste product in a metal smelting process has been viewed in the manufacture of surfaces and structures with resulting unique properties and improvements over the existing masses can be used, as will be described in detail later

For the purpose of further processing, the »slag is preferably reduced to a suitable size for conventional Use grinding, ni / alz and sieving processes.

Spectral analysis of typical molten slag and rock slag types are the following:

Analyzes

component Per cent Smelting slag volcanic
Geeteins slag Approx Il 40-50 8-10 Si Il 50-40 45-50 Al Il 8-10 12-18 Ee Il 0-1 12th M ₆ , M. O-2 8th Mn Il 0-2 no Ti see scale) no 4th Hardness (Mohs ¹ 5-6 6-6 1/2 Density (g / cm 1.44-1.60 0.56-0.64

It should be noted that the specified materials are combined with oxygen and other components

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the various chemical compounds of minerals to build.

“When used here, slag is defined as the gangue produced by smelting a metal from a silicate old ore and in general has a lower specific gravity than the extracted metallic substances. For example can »Slag is obtained from a melting process where aggregates such as limestone and fluorite with a silicate i> rz, like Idsenerz, are mixed and the mixture then melted in a blast furnace. The slag forms a flowable layer as gangue, which lies over the molten metal material from which it is poured off and cooled. The cooled down Material is then chopped up and sized as described above.

As can be seen, molten slag differs very noticeable in the chemical composition of volcanic slag. The ochschmelzschlackgranulates also differ in that they are of the order of magnitude twice the density of volcanic slag and a compressive strength and abrasion resistance that are two to four times three times as large as that of the volcanic slag can be. Own molten slag and volcanic slag for different surface properties and

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structure, which, together with other differences mentioned elsewhere, lead to masses that are accordingly have different properties which are particularly advantageous under different conditions of use are. In addition, mixtures of the present slag-generating materials provide for the manufacture of Molten slag and the mentioned volcanic slag aggregates products with intermediate physical properties. Volcanic slag can also be used in one or more layers of composite structures while Molten slag in others, especially in surface layers, to increase yeast flexibility, abrasion resistance, physical strength, etc. can be used.

In particular, molten slag and mixtures of molten slag and volcanic slag can be very beneficial for the production of high-performance surfaces that can withstand traffic and are subject to high demands be used. In this production, the molten slag is used together with certain, adhesive

Binders used to promote the bonding of a substrate surface with a plurality of cover layers; the slag particles serve to create a mechanical framework between your substrate, the binder material and the coatings, while the binder by its nature reacts with the coating material

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and practically merges with this. The concept is not only in the creation of traffic surfaces, but also for applying successive layers of components to metal, wood, brick and other surfaces of a similar nature applicable, so that mediates a variety of other mechanical composite structures will. In addition, the dismembered lacquer particles show an ionic mirror effect because they are cup-shaped have outer surface indentations (or depressions) that point in all directions and one result in a uniformly reflective surface. In addition to the fact that a remarkable degree of interconnection ' has the produced composite or lamellar structure which is produced as described later other highly advantageous properties, such as slip resistance, minimal tendency to flammability (ablation to fire), very high compressive strength, shock resistance and other.

The invention relates to the use of slag as a composite or constituent layer over straight (flat) or loop-forming surfaces during manufacture of surfaces or mechanical structures that carry traffic.

Invention according to a method for the production of connected structural surfaces conveys which

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i & t is characterized by the following steps: Application a hardening flowable resinous material on a substrate or support surface, application and partially embedding a layer of slag particles in said resinous material while it is is in the flowable state, the slag particles being particles of a slag material that contains metal oxides and as gangue (dross) when a metal is melted out of a silicate containing Heζ is made; Applying a filler layer from a mass that forms an aggregate in the mixture containing a binder for the surface, the layer of slag particles as a composite layer serves for the additional shift of the till

The present invention also provides a composite structure comprised of a substrate base layer; the shift a resinous material selected from the group of epoxy, polyester, phenolic, acrylic, polystyrene, Polyurethane and silicone resins are selected and bonded to the base layer; a layer of coarse Slag particles that are partially embedded in the layer of resinous material, these Slag aggregate particles are particles of a metal oxide-containing slag material that is used as gangue in Melting out a metal is produced from a silicate-containing ore; and from a filler mass

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ochlacking unit and adhesive binder that comes with the layer of aggregate particles is connected; some of the slag particles protrude from the filler mass and create iteflection properties for light such as on the concave mirror and provide the surface of the Structure with a high coefficient of friction resistance.

./other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings of the preferred form of the invention show what

Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a bonded surface structure is how it has been applied according to the invention to a hard substrate surface;

Fig. 2 is a cross-section of a connected surface structure is how it has been applied to a soft uncured substrate surface;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of part of the structure is where it is shown how the light reflection feature of the invention emerges;

Fig. 4- a cross section of part of a tubular Is a composite structure which is constructed according to the invention.

In short, the manufacturing processes of the ER 209818/0835 exist

finding generally in an initial step, with a Layer of slag particles or pieces with a relatively smooth substrate surface by means of certain Adhesive is connected. In this way, the substrate surface with a large number of relatively close together, outwardly directed slag pieces or particles covered, which are firmly connected to her. Under certain conditions, the application of a separate Binder can be dispensed with, as certain substrates can be manufactured in such a way that they are in the early stages of manufacture serve a similar purpose. The substrate surface produced in this way is located are now in ideal shape to apply additional Layers, such as various paving or structural materials, around the composite surfaces and structures of the invention to complete. Such additional layers can have adhesive character, however this is not necessarily the case, as there is a firm mechanical bond between the slag and results in various dough-like materials which otherwise usually do not make one sufficient lead a firm bond.

In the manufacture of surfaces that carry traffic According to the invention, the substrate on which the applied layers are applied is usually made

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tively stiff and unyielding as hard or hardened concrete 10 as shown in Fig. 1 illustrates "old or new concrete, asphalt, plaster, wood, stone, brick, Letall and other similar substrates are for applying a composite surface according to the invention ¹ manner suitable üine clean and roughened surface 11 is always necessary to ensure the best results; accordingly, loose materials, oil and the like are removed by wire brushing, wiping, sandblasting and other suitable working methods such as cleaning with acid.

Lüine layer 12 made of flowable, adhesive binding agent. Medium is then applied to the surface, e.g. by spraying. The selection of a suitable binder depends on the nature of the substrate surface and the environmental conditions, under which the surfaces are to be applied. In some cases, a Solution of adhesive material, which solidifies when the solvent evaporates, can be used. In a similar way it is possible to use binders which can be applied in the molten state and solidify on cooling; it will however generally preferred to use a resinous binder that can be catalytically cured. Solutions of Asphalt, coal tar, or other resinous materials with solvents are examples of the first-mentioned

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th type of adhesive composites. Aqueous emulsions and dispersions of the adhesive composites of a similar character can be applied in a similar manner. Molten asphalt, coal tar, resins and synthetic Resins are examples of the second type of composite adhesive.

The preferred hardening resin types or chemically reactive class of adhesives with which the greatest advantages of the slag particles are obtained, form the catalyzed epoxy, phenolic, polystyrene, Acrylic ester, resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyurethane, polyester and silicone resins that are used at normal room temperatures and cure at an accelerated rate at elevated temperatures. Epon resins (828 etc.), available from Shell Chemical Company, Araldite Resins 502, 6010, 6020, etc.) available from Ciba, Plastics Division, C-8, Devron, and other epoxy resins are generally produced by condensation of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A (4, A -'-isopropylidenediphenol) to form polymers Manufactured with different molecular weights, resulting in viscosities from flowable, syrupy to thermoplastic firmly results. Catalysis by means and mixtures thereof, the organic bases, acid anhydrides, active hydrogen containing compounds, certain resins and the like are included in the numerous commercially available compounds are used.

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«Verichmacher, like Thiokol (flowable) and others, can be applied in it. Phenol-formaldehyde liquids can be hardened with organic bases, kesorcin-formaldehyde harden at room temperature additional formaldehyde and urine t off -Lei amine-Foriaaldehyd hardens at room temperature or copolymerized with other phenolic and kpoxy compounds. Really polymerizing adhesive binders, which are composed of styrene, allyl compounds, acrylic and methacrylic acid esters derive, be with benzoyl peroxide or other organic peroxides and especially in Hardened in the presence of a redox catalyst system, Polyurethanes and mixtures with polyurea harden in the presence of water and acids.

name the phenolic and especially the kpoxy type

in the adhesive binder with bituminous or Asphalt surfaces or lakes in the course of construction If the composite structure of the invention comes into contact, a chemical reaction is observed, which noticeably changes the appearance of the asphalt or bitumen in the contact zone. The microscopic Examination reveals that there is no sharply defined contact surface between the resin and

in
Asphalt or bituminous phases of the binding area are there, but that a fusion takes place between them, so that the area in between is one

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heavily modified resin asphalt or bitumen compound is going to each side of the intermediate area changes, thereby changing the composition of the adjoining Phase reachedAlthough the nature of the reaction is not fully understood, it is believed that some type "Crosslinking" reaction between the specified types of resin and the reactive »sites of the connections

in

takes place in asphaltic and bituminous materials. Active oxygen, hydroxyl, amine and other nitrogen substituents and unsaturated side chains present in such materials would be susceptible to such reaction. As a result, the physical properties of the asphalt are modified, eg ₀ the bonding area is less thermoplastic than the adjacent asphalt; it is harder and more resistant to impact} the tensile properties are improved, etc. & it is therefore evident that the bond obtained with these materials is not just the adhesion that is usually obtained by surface effects, but is literally a fusion so that a far superior commingled composite area is created. The mixed composite area formed by the above mass can be produced in strip thickness as a homogeneous mass as well as by creating a binding contact layer. In other words, this mass can be made out

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Asphalt tar spoxy resin and slag aggregate a surface coating be or consist of more prominent columetric parts.

While the make coat 12 is still in the flowable State is a layer of slag particles IJ, free of fine and even-in the Big ones, brought when it is necessary, with rollers, to ensure that the deeper surface areas thereof are carefully wetted by the agent or to be partially embedded in this. For surfaces such as paths, floors, deck passages, etc., on which only a relatively thin coating is to be applied, mesh sizes of 0.16, 0.32 cm or larger be used. In the event that the surface is intended for traffic with heavy vehicles or friction marks are required, materials will be used with 0.64, 0.95 and 27 cm and larger mesh sizes are used. Usually the binder is then allowed to cure and heat is applied if necessary to thereby open the substrate surface for bonding additional layers of material to get ready for this. In this sense, the binder-slag layer forms the composite layer of the complete composite structure.

The top or surface covering layer 14, which under certain conditions is regarded as a filler layer can be applied over the layer 12, ent-

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neither in a dough-like plastic or semi-plastic state and in those between the connected Aggregate pieces lying gaps and to a solid Rolled into contact with the resin-covered substrate and aggregate surfaces, or the additional layers can by applying covers made of slag-like aggregate and then spraying a binder component be built over it. Finally, a layer of dust composed of aggregate particles can be more suitable Large applied or rolled, if necessary into the surface, especially if striving for the maximum of "non-slip" properties will. For the greatest possible adhesion of the dough-like layer 14, an adhesive binder layer is used sprayed over the protruding pieces 13 before the layer 14 is applied.

For surface covering or paving of streets and Rural roads, e.g. for the renewal of motorway surfaces, are cold mixed, hot factory mixed and other types of asphalt or coal tar are used as binding paving materials to layer 14. On the other hand, slag of a certain mesh size (dust up to approx. 1.27 cm) can be applied and an asphaltic emulsion or solution is sprayed thereover as a binder, similar to the Method of finishing deck paving to create layer.

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In the case of the new concrete-based streets, the ochlacke can be partially embedded in the soft concrete surface to create the composite layer, as illustrated in Fig. 2, whereby the first adhesive composite layer of Fig. 1 is omitted. In this case, the complete surface structure contains a concrete substrate 20 with a clean surface 21, fine-embedded slag pieces 22 and a cover layer 23 of dough-like filler compound, which is connected to the adhesive layer 24, which was applied, for example, by spraying onto the upper surface of the substrate 21 , and exposed surfaces of the slag pieces 22. If the filler 23 is sufficiently adhesive, the bonding agent layer 24 can be omitted.

An enlarged view of the area of a single ochlack particle 22 that partially emerges from the top layer 23 protrudes is shown in Fig. 3 of the drawing and illustrates the way in which the characteristic of the reflection of the right arises and also the way in which the surface carrying the traffic is non-slip.

As shown in Fig. 3, the slag particle has many surfaces 25 with a concave mirror effect, which after point in all directions. This results in a uniformly reflective surface for laughs that the particle

size and the number of particles per m is proportional since every particle ridge is surrounded by a sink. To-

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In addition, the particle ridges lead to a back reflection towards the light source rather than an angled one Eeflektion forward, as can be seen from the number of incident light rays 26, which be reflected substantially rearward from surfaces 25 back to the light source. The cup-shaped

so
Outside surfaces react / both in daylight and

at night, whether they are wet or dry.

The slag particles also retain their very high and uniform coefficient of frictional resistance with wear. when a protruding particle If it breaks off and is knocked out, an underlying particle is pushed out and also creates a non-slip surface. This is how the invention makes a surface that rubs evenly with a given number of friction particles per square meter Use. For example, an area of

7.5 πι with, öchmelzschlacke or volcanic slag surface-covered Mass between 15,000 and 20,000 surface particles a screen size of 0.32 cm per 7.5 square meters. This property represents a consistently same one Vehicle breakage effect on all of everyone's rags Vehicle safe at the same time, regardless of whether the surface is wet or dry.

In the event that a higher grade or more structurally stronger surface layer 14- is required, e.g.

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V-j i

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for inner membranes, cover membranes, ixisswege, rigid cladding and the like, it is preferred to use a binder of the above-described type of resinous adhesives to use. The amount of binder can be from a minimum amount that is necessary for cohesion and adhesion of the aggregate covering the binder layer is required, up to an amount that is necessary to create a essentially non-porous surface is necessary to be varied.

Surface coverings and ceilings, which are described in the Some of them have been applied adhere remarkably well to the substrate surface. The composite resists thermal effects and stresses from loads to be withstood as well as weather influences. kLt While the amount of binder is limited to increase the porosity, surface drainage is excellent with increased amounts of binder, the layer as a whole is watertight and therefore the substrate to the greatest possible extent is protected.

The principles described above are also used in the production of structural shapes, such as tubular, flat shapes or for the application of insulation-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings on various Surfaces used .. For example, sict in the creation of corrosion-resistant coatings very difficult problems for pipelines. Üine

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bath

Composite bar made of slag that adheres to the substrate surface the pipeline has been applied as described above, facilitates the application of the conventional Asphalt and coal tar protective coatings. The binding Layers are especially effective when one is warm plasticized cover layer for covering pipeline parts with the composite layer as described above are made, is pressed on.

The ear and surface parts are put together, as illustrated in Fig. 4-, by placing a base layer JO made of metal, fiber, sheet material, e.g. similar types of resin or with a thermoplastic binder as used in conventional practice, is impregnated. «While the binder or the layer-forming resin is in a flowable state, the slag pieces J> 1 are applied as described above. Usually, the binder is then allowed to cure in the cold, or the film-forming resin is at least partially cured, optionally using * / poor, in order to create a stable layer of connected aggregate pieces.

This is followed by a plastic mass 32 of the aggregate 209818/08 3 5

applied smoothly over the composite layer in a mixture with an adhesive binder. In some cases results Hardening at this stage has a satisfactory structure, but because of the greatest possible strength an outer layer-forming cover layer 33, similar to FIG Substrate base layer applied. Tubular or sheet-like parts made on this y / eise are rigid, weatherproof, durable, lightweight, economical, and have many others desirable properties.

further details of the invention will become apparent from the following Examples emerge:

example 1

Line substrate surface made from hot asphalt "factory mix" (i.Orig. "plant mix"), which is over a road base layer from standardized crushed rock was applied with a sieve of 1.27 cm Covered slag aggregate of the character described above. While the substrate is still heated State, the aggregate layer is rolled out with sufficient pressure to form the aggregate particles to be embedded up to about halfway in the soft asphalt layer. The upward-facing parts of the particles now form a large surface area that contains numerous peaks and depressions, while the

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lower parts are firmly embedded and connected to the asphalt substrate.

A flowable hardening adhesive is then, for example, sprayed over the substrate surface occupied with aggregate applied, iüin a suitable adhesive binder (A) is mixed together, for example, as follows: (Various of the other listed adhesives can be used in the same way)

(1) Flowable resin (Applied Plastics

Go., # 210) 4-6 parts

(2) Hardeners (Applied Plastics Go ..

^ • 180) 1 part

(3) plasticizers (General Mils Corp.,

# 125) 3-10% by volume

I am a representative for a flowable binder (B) from Epoxy resin type is made as follows /

(1) Epon 828 (iahe 11 Chemical G _0. ) 100 parts

(2) triethylenediamine or an equivalent

Base 8 parts

(3) Phenyl glycidyl ether (optional) 5 parts (4-) Fluid Thiokol (plasticizer) 10 parts.

Application of the adhesive results in a prepared composite surface on the substrate occupied with aggregate.

Mne dough-like aggregate compilation is over the prepared surface, e.g. by leveling it on or with mechanical distribution equipment

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Bracht, the aggregate dough is usually made of ochlackeaggregat smaller sizes than those contained in the composite layer. A mixture of aggregates (G) may, for example, contain 1 part of 0.16 cm mix-screened aggregate particles and 2 to 6 'portions of 0.32 cm sieves Particle sizes included. The aggregate mixture (C) becomes with 5 to 20 vol .- '/ o of either mixture (A) or (B) mixed together, which is due to the amount of porosity of the Interstices that are sought in the finished surface is determined. The larger proportion of resin is sufficient create a substantially smooth surface in the given case.

The aggregate dough is applied in a thickness that at least sufficient to cover the connected aggregate particles (about 0.64 cm) and generally at depths of up to at most about one inch thick. The best surface covering with initial friction is achieved by dusting Obtained aggregate fine above the surface. Addicted the temperature hardens the surface covering in Times that are less than 1 hour at elevated temperatures up to several hours at normal room temperatures turn off.

The surface covering obtained in this way is harder, more wear-resistant and more slip-resistant than normal asphalt pavement. The asphalt is through the

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pi

'' insulating properties of the unit, against faults, Bulging and cracking protected under changing temperatures and pressures; Repairs can can be done quickly by removing the damaged surface in the same way as the surface covering usually was applied to the aggregate composite layer, is replaced. The surface can be natural, good-looking Color of the aggregate, or it may be a pig-

controlled aggregate to create the finished surface covering be used. In addition, the surface covering cannot be separated from the substrate surface and very resistant to destruction by thermal effects.

Old asphalt or bituminous surfaces are treated in a similar way; however, the old finish will cleaned and degreased or rubbed off, and a coating of mixture A or B is applied prior to application of the Composite aggregate particles sprayed over it »This creates a very strong bond on the old surface obtain.

Example II

A substrate made of freshly poured and roughly finished concrete is an ideal base layer for application a surface covering according to the invention. Before the concrete hardens, a layer of Schl,? Ck.u-

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Uniform aggregate with a sieve size of 1.27 to 2.3 ^ cm distributed over the surface and rolled. to the Embed particles about halfway in the concrete. After this the concrete has set, a thin coat of mixture A or B from Example I is applied over the with aggregate connected layer sprayed and the dough-like mixture C from Example I is spread or smooth on Place spatula on. The hardening takes place as in Example I. instead of. The surface covering applied over the concrete as described has essentially the same advantages Properties like the covering described in Example I. However, there are also certain additional Get benefits; so falls through the surface covering the dusting of the concrete substrate away, and when applied within a few days of pouring the concrete the hardening of the concrete is caused by the peeling Old people favored by moisture, those who endure traffic or concrete wall surfaces are re-surfaced in the same way, but in this way If the surface is blown with sand or mechanically rubbed, or acid is applied to it To remove dirt and oxidized materials, whereby an adequate aggregate network is obtained.

Example III

Rigid or semi-rigid plastic materials such as surfaces or other shapes made of foamed polyethylene, iso-

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Cyanate, polystyrene or phenolic resins are also available suitable substrates. Such foamed materials are very often used in walls, roof ceilings and floors of Cooling systems or ship installations where they have to withstand heavy loads and traffic.

In order to apply the aggregate composite layer, an adhesive coating made of hot tar or a Asphaltic adhesive cement applied to the load-bearing surface while the adhesive is still is soft, slag aggregate particles with a sieve size of 0.64 to 1.27 cm are embedded in it, then let the glue harden. Finally, the aggregate surface covering, as described in Example I, upset.

It should be noted that the surface covering can be applied to surfaces prior to installation or in situ can. The surface covering increases the insulation value, fire resistance and water absorption properties of the foamed resin material. If the treated areas are to be used as visible surfaces, their appearance can be modified by decorating, texturing or applying pigmented aggregate material will. In some cases where water resistance is not critical, the tacky tar

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mixture will be omittedη; the dough-like mixture is distributed and rolled out and leads to the composite either with or without application of a binding adhesive like (A) or

Example IV .

A metallic Sabstrat surface is made by degreasing or other suitable measures, such as sandblasting or Wire brushes, cleaned. It is catalytically hardening Adhesive resin of the phenolic, epoxy or silicone type with a heavily syrupy consistency, e.g. 1000 to 5000 centipoise is used as a plating on the metal Lische substrate surface applied. Slag aggregate particles of uniform size, preferably in a mesh size range from 0.48 to about 1.2.7 cm, are then applied as an even layer on the surface; the resin is allowed to harden, if necessary with moderate heating, to form an aggregate composite layer to accomplish.

The last surface covering that is applied over this is primarily determined by the nature of the application determines under which the surface covering is used is ,, Ship decks and traffic-bearing ceilings, such as bridges, etc., are made by a dough-like resin-aggregate mixture, similar to that from. Example I and in a similar manner.

Steel and iron pipeline substrate surfaces can be used in 209818/0835

can be made in a similar manner. However, it has been found that cheaper for this and similar uses Materials give satisfactory results. Under conditions where with serious earth stresses too is to be expected, the aggregate composite layer is applied as above. The following is a thermoplastic bituminous mix consisting of a slag aggregate mix (C) and about $ 20 to $ 35 asphalt or coal tar with a melting point of at least 50 ° C is, heated and pressed around the pipeline parts occupied with the unit using conventional working methods. Surface covering layers 1.27 to 5.08 cm thick and more can be applied in this way. The aggregate, which is firmly connected to the metal by the resin, and the pressed material, which is solid is connected to the outwardly protruding aggregate parts, leads to a very firmly adhering bituminous Coating on cooling.

Under certain conditions, a heated coal tar adhesive can be used can be used as an adhesive agent to attach the aggregate particles to the pipeline surface associate. There can also be an outer layer of coal tar or asphalt-raw enamel with or without conventional Outer shell, especially when splicing and Repair, used.

A coating applied in this way is not just 209818/0835

exceptionally strong and durable, but also waterproof, insulating and eliminates oxidative, chemical or galvanic corrosion.

Example V

Load-bearing surface-like structures with a high degree of rigidity versus weight ratios are made in the following way:

A lower separating substrate made either from a thin sheet of light metal, such as aluminum, or from an or consists of more layers of a glass cladding, is coated with a catalyzed contact layer-forming epoxy or phenolic resin coated or saturated and then placed in a horizontal position. One layer off The slag aggregate with a narrow sieve size, which is close to the thickness of the finished sheet, becomes uniform spread over the resin coated surface. In order to facilitate handling, the resin is at least partially cured by heating, and a thin coating of the film-forming resin is placed over the top outstandingη aggregate particles sprayed.

A dough-like filler that is made by mixing different proportions of aggregate fines and sieve sizes, the smaller than the gaps existing between the connected aggregate particles (ε. Example i), with 10 to 25 parts of the catalyzed film-forming resin is then distributed to Zwi-209818/0835

- to fill 28 spaces of the connected aggregate particles.

Finally, an upper substrate jacket, similar to the lower one, is coated with a thin layer of the resin and pressed into contact against the top surface of the bonded filler layer; the complete structure is allowed to harden with the application of heat. Hardening between press plates with moderate pressure (0.35 to 3 * 5 kg / cm ^ results in a more compact, rigid and dimensionally accurate measured structure.

Example VI

A tubular structure such as a cylinder part or a pipe with a high degree of rigidity in relation to the weight ratio is made as follows:

A fiberglass fabric or hat is fitted with an in saturated with thermosetting epoxy or phenolic adhesive film-forming resin and around a collapsible Spindle wound in one or more layers to create a cylindrical substrate surface. then becomes an aggregate composite layer of sieved slag aggregate particles, a uniform mesh size of 0.63 to 2.5 ^ cm, partly in the resin coated Is embedded in the substrate and the resin is at least partially cured to form an aggregate cylindrical To create substrate that can be handled.

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The cylindrical substrate is removed from the spindle and a thin coating of film-forming adhesive is removed sprayed over the unit surface. Then: / ird a dough-like layer of slag aggregate fines and particle sizes smaller than those of the connected, are aggregates prepared as above, on the cylindrical substrate occupied with aggregate, preferably by expressing, upset "

The structure made as above can be hardened to produce pipes suitable for many purposes. To the For example, the ends of the tubes can be conical and shaped. be connected by sleeves to pipelines etc. to manufacture; however, at least one outer layer becomes resin-saturated for maximum rigidity Glass fiber cloth is spirally wrapped around the structure, and the complete structure is underneath if necessary Heating hardened.

Claims

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Claims (2)

Claims 1.) Process for the production of a composite structure surface, characterized by the following steps: application a hardening, flowable resinous material onto a substrate surface; Application and partial Embedding a layer of slag particles in the resinous material while it is in the flowable State where the slag particles are particles of a slag material containing metal oxides, which is produced as gangue in the smelting of metal from an ore containing silicates and deposition a filler layer made of a mass which is an aggregate mixed with a binder for this Contains surface, the layer of slag particles as a composite layer for the additional layer of Mass serves. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable resin material from the group of Epoxy, polyester, phenolic, acrylic, polystyrene, polyurethane and silicone resins is selected. J5.) Composite structure characterized by a substrate base layer; a layer of resinous material selected from the group of epoxy, polyester, phenolic, Acrylic, polystyrene, polyurethane and silicone 209818/0835 - .51 - resins selected and bonded to the base layer is; a layer of coarse slag particles that are partially embedded in the layer of resinous material wherein the slag aggregate parts are particles of a slag material containing metal oxides are produced as gangue when smelting metal from an ore containing silicates; and a filler mass of slag aggregate and adhesive binder, which is attached to the layer of aggregate particles with some of these flaky particles protruding from the filler mass and having light reflective properties like on a concave mirror and create a high coefficient on the surface of the structure give the friction resistance. 209818/0835 Blank page