DE1767304C - Non-baking fertilizer mixes - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to non-baking, in particular granular fertilizer mixtures, which preferably contain ammonium nitrate and / or urea and those with a coating of at least one silicone compound or of a mixture of a silicone compound and finely divided inert powder.

It is known to use fertilizers in grain or powder form to prevent the caking of the granular particles with 1 to 10 percent by weight of another powder (e.g. calcium carbonate, clay, Kaolin or other mineral powders), the particles of this powder with a Are silicone coated. However, it has been found that, with certain exceptions, silanes and silicones insufficiently prevent caking if they are used at room temperature, and that they only become effective for this purpose if they are used with the coating powder at a high temperature (i.e. on the order of 250 ° C if the coating powder is clay) will. Examples of silicones and silanes that require such heat treatment to develop their need maximum effectiveness are dimethylpolytiloxanes, Methyloctylpolysiloxanes, methyltetradecylpolysiloxanes, organopolysiloxane resins, diphenylsilanediol and chlorosilanes (the latter in some cases due to hydrochloric acid vapors evolved in the Are uncomfortable to use). The annoying, time consuming and expensive heat treatment involved in these Silicones is required. make. for coating of fertilizers uninteresting.

The object of the invention is to produce fertilizer mixtures of the type described available, which also when used at room temperature have virtually no caking tendency and improved flowability properties to have.

The non-baking, especially granular fertilizer mixtures with the additives mentioned are characterized in that it is a silane of the formula as the silicone compound

R - Si - A

contain, where R is a linear or branched alkyl group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 'and R "denote hydrocarbon groups with not more than 22 carbon atoms, such as alkyl or aryl groups and preferably methyl or phenyl groups, A is a hydrolyzable group other than halogen, m and η - 0.1 or 2 and m + n > 2, or that they are an organopolysiloxane of the ^formula (RTHSiOMR ¹ HSiO) (SiHJl ,, ') * II

In the fertilizer mixtures according to the invention, which is a silane as the silicone compound Formula I contain, preferably R represent a lin. Ire Alkyl group with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 14 carbon atoms, R 'and R "are alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl groups, preferably methyl, phenyl, / I-phenylmethyl, p-tolyl or cyclohexyl groups and A alkoxy, aroxy or cycloalkoxy groups, preferably those that are no longer

ίο contain 6 carbon atoms, preferably methoxy, Ethoxy, phenoxy or cyclohexoxy groups.

In particular, the fertilizer mixtures according to the invention contain an alkyltriethoxysilane as the silane

of the formula RSi (OC ₂ H ₅ ); ,, preferably C _u H _2e -triethoxysilane.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the fertilizer mixtures according to the invention contain, as a silicone compound, a silane of the formula I , wherein A is a

ao substituted group of the general formula

(OC "H _M )" OR '"

represents, in which y - = 2 or 3, η = 0 or an as is a positive integer and R '"represents an amino-substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. Fertilizer mixtures according to the invention which contain an organopolysiloxane of the formula II as a silicone compound are special advantageous when in the organopolysiloxane of the formula II in all units

contain, in which the groups R 'are identical or different and have the same meaning as in formula I and a ■■ => 0 or 1, A = I or 2, c - 0 or 1, b + c = ■■ 2, d = 1, 2 or 3, e = 0, 1 or 2. d + c = 3 and η is a positive integer and

+ 2ae \ l (rt + 2a)

J
not finer than * / m '** ■

a = 0, η not greater than 9, preferably 3 to 5, and c - 1.

Other preferred fertilizer holes in the Invention are those, the organopolysiloxane a cyclic methylsiloxane or a mixture of a cyclic Methylsiloxane of the formula

(Me ₆ H ₆ SiO) _n ,

preferably with η - 4 and η = 5 in a weight ratio of about 60 to 40. Further advantageous organopolysiloxanes of the formula II in the fertilizer mixtures according to the invention are those in which a = 1, in not all units

5oc = 1 and η is preferably not greater than 100, in particular 50 to 60, or where a = 1, c in all units

(R »'H _c SiO)

= 1 and η is preferably not greater than 60.

Another advantageous organopolysiloxane in the fertilizer mixtures according to the invention is a linear methylsiloxane of the formula

Me, SiO (Me _t H ₍ SiO) »SiMe,

or the formula

Me ₁ SiO (MeHSiO) ₁₁ SiMe ₁

The fertilizer mixtures according to the invention can be powdered as ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, anhydrite, Bavarian Slag, limestone dust, phosphorite, clays in spherical form, quinatones or the like. Contain, preferably

up to 4%, in particular 1 to 3% of the powder, based on the weight of the coated fertilizer mixture, is available. The fertilizer mixtures of the invention preferably contain the silane or organopolysiloxane in a proportion that is coated on the weight of the powder, of at least 0.25%, preferably not more than 3.5%, in particular between about 0.5 and 2%.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacture of the fertilizer mixtures described, which is carried out in such a way that one silane of formula 1 or an organopolysiloxane of formula II mixed with the powder and then the Fertilizer particles coated with the mixture thus obtained. Preferably, the silane or Organopolysiloxane before mixing with the powder in a hydrocarbon, in particular ία dissolved or in an oil or a liquid paraffin dispersed. The method can also proceed in such a way that one on the fertilizer particles before applies a layer of oil to the coating. Another preferred embodiment of the process consists in that one with the solution or the dispersion of a silane of the formula I or an organopolysiloxane of the formula II coated fertilizer particles then coated with a finely divided inert powder.

In addition to increasing the resistance, silanes and organopolysiloxanes of the type described improve of the fertilizer mixtures against caking, also their flow properties and their properties for sowing with a seed drill.

example 1

Silanes of the formula I were applied to a granular fertilizer consisting of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphai and potassium chloride, the plant nutrient analysis of which was 23:11:11, expressed as N: P ₂ O ₄ : K ₁ O. The silanes were used in various ways, as can be seen in Tables I and Ia below. Most of it was (for example in a homogenizer, a food mixer or a ball mill) on a finely divided inert powder (which consisted essentially completely through a sieve with a mesh size according to British Standard No. 300 and consisted of the following ingredients:

AK tone [=

Plaster,

Phosphorite),

on in spherical shape],

applied, with the amount of added silar 0.5, 1 or 2% based on the weight of the powder. The fertilizer grains grew

»O with 0.2 percent by weight of heating oil and then mil 2 percent by weight of the powder coated with silane (Table I). In two cases (Table 1 a However, the silanes were introduced into the 0.2% heating oil layer with which the fertilizer grains were added

»5 were coated (the oil-silane coating layer was a 20: 1 or 10: 1 mixture), and the fertilizer granules were subsequently mixed with the untreated finely divided inert powder coated. In one case (Table Ia) the fv'an wasn't just in the oil

ao coating layer, but also in the more finely divided inert powder present.

Each of these fertilizers was stored under conditions similar to both normal temperature storage rotur and at elevated temperatures in polyethylene

The bags under a pressure of forty to fifty 80 kg bags for 2 months were then tested with regard to the properties preventing caking and compared with the same fertilizer with 2% / <AKO ₁ (= AK clay, treated with 1% octadecylamine, based on the weight of the clay). The samples caked in the cold and caked in the heat were further subjected to a float test (a measure of their seedability by a seed drill) in which the coated grains were cooked on the surface of a saturated aqueous solution of the fertilizer. Those samples that had been floated for 3 minutes or more were considered acceptable for seed drill

The results of these studies of the anti-caking properties and the Properties in terms of sowability medium:

Seed drills are listed in Tables I and I σ below listed:

Table I.

Silane Silane on
Coating
material
V. lne. "i. e?
Coating
material Together
bake at
space
temperature Together
bake at
50 "C Float test CH ₃ Si (OAt) ₁
C ₄ H, Si (OÄt),
C ₁ H ₁₇ Si (OAt),
C ₁ H _n Si (OAt),
C ₁₁ H ₁₁ Si (OAt)
C ₁₄ H ₀ Si (OAt) ₁
C ₁₄ H _n Si (OAt),
C ₁₄ H ₁₁ Si (OAt), ....
C ₁₄ H ₁₁ Si (Me) (OAt) ₁
C ₁₁ H ₁₁ Si (OAt),
C ₁₄ H ₁₁ Si (OAt) ₁
C ₁₁ H ₁₇ Si (OAt), 1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0 AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
AK tone
plaster
Phosphorite XXXX
XXXX
XXX
XXXX
XXX
XXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXX
XXXX
XX
XX XXX
XXX
XXX
XXXX
XXX
XXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXX
XXXX
X
XX XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX

In all of the silanes listed above, the alkyl groups were straight chain with the exception of two Cg-alkyl groups, which were 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl groups.

Table Ia

0.2 · /, [heating oil + C ₁₁ H ₁ ^ i (OA) ,, 10: 1] 4- 2 ^e / "AK-Ton

0.2 · /, [heating oil + C _I4 G "Si (OÄt)" 20: 1]

4- I ⁰ /, with 0.5 · /. C ₁₄ H „Si (OÄt), treated AK clay All of the coatings listed above were on the order of 2% after the addition of 0.2% heating oil applied.

XXX

XXX

XXXX

XXX

XXXX

XXXX

X - little effect. XX - good effect.

XXX - equivalent to AKO ₁ . XXXX = ■ better than AKO ₁ .

A number of the samples which contained the C ₁ -, C ₄ - and C ₁₄ -Tnäthoxysilane of the formula I, were also the drill test in a static seed drill with IS rows, the filling space was divided into five equal sections, in each of which different Could bring in fertilizer, which allowed five treatments to be assessed simultaneously. The seed drill was operated for 15 minutes during which time the fertilizer dispensed from each section was collected and weighed. The seed drill was then left idle for at least 1 hour in a very humid atmosphere and operated for a further 15 minutes. In all cases, each test consisted of nine or twelve series of tests, two series of tests per day. The weight of fertilizer collected at the end of each series of tests was expressed as a percentage of the weight collected by the associated section in the first series of tests.

In the first test, over twelve test series with 1 Ve C ₁₄ H ₁₁ Si (OAt), treated AK clay was compared with AKO ₁ , and the results of this test are shown in FIG. IA and IB shown. None of the pipes blocked during the twelve test series.

lj The second test was about nine test series the following comparison was carried out:

(a) Calcium carbonate which was precipitated from the aqueous phase and together with stearic acid.

(b) AK clay _{treated with 1% C 14} H ₁₁ Si (OA), ^ao .

(c) AK clay _{treated with 1% C 4} H, Si (OEt).

(d) AKO ₁ .

The results of this test are shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D and show that C ₁₄ H _{t (} Si (OAt) is as good as the calcium carbonate explained under (a), which is as described in British Patent 1,050,248 gives fertilizers good drilling properties, and that C ₄ H ₁ Si (OAt) _{1 is} itself considerably better than octadecylamine.

In the third test, there were C] ₄ H ₁ (Si (OAt) _{1 in} both the oil and on the clay, C ₄ H (Si (OAt) ₁ in the oil and CH ₁ Si (OAt), on d>: m Sound, compared, and the Results are shown in Figures 3A through 3D, which show that C ₁₄ H ₁₁ Si (OA) was very effective. The other agents, although less effective, have been observed to cause no substantial blockage of the seed drill.

Table II

chemical formula

0.3 · /, organopolysiloxane / silane + 2 * 1, colin fertilizers containing 2 '/ · with silane or
Organopolysfloxan treated kaolin was coated

j 1V. Organopoly

2 · / · Organopoly- j 1 * / · Organopoly- siloxane / Siu-n

siloxane / silane siloxane / SOan (1 month heat

¹ treated)

Me ₁ Si (OAt) ₁

MeSi (OAt) ₃

C _u H _lt Si (OÄt) ₃

Me ₃ SiO [MeHSiO] ₁ ^ iMe ₃ [MeHSiO] _n (*)

χ =

XX =

XXX =

XXXX =

little effect,
good effect,
equivalent to KOD.
better than KOD.

XX X

XXXX XXXX XXXX

X
X

XXX
XXX
XXX

XXXX
XXXX

(·) = This is a mixture of products with η = 4 and π - 5 in a weight ratio of about 60:40.

XX

XXX

XX

XX

XXX

Example 2 was made lium chloride and a moisture Each of the following types of material were determined to have a content of about 0.3% and a particle size Granules of fertilizer with an analysis of 65 between 1.5 and 3.5 mm. Plant nutrient substance of 22: 11: 11, expressed as the 1st coating with initially 0.3 percent by weight N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O, made with the fertilizer of the silane or organopolysiloxar.s and then with

from ammonium nitrate. Ammonium phosphate and ka- 2 percent by weight kaolin.

i 767

»5

2. The coating with 2 ° / ₀ kaolin, comprising (a) 2 ° / _0th (b) 1% of the silane or organopolysiloxane based on the weight of the kaolin.
The silanes and organopolysiloxanes were applied to the clay in three different devices, firstly by means of a ball mill, secondly by means of a coffee grinder, thirdly by means of a double-shaft liquid mixer. No difference could be detected between the clays treated in these three different devices.

Each of these materials was made under conditions

Ielagert, corresponding to a two-month storage in PoIythylenbeuteln under a pressure of 40 bags and then tested for the Zusamtienbacken preventing properties and does compared to the same fertilizer / o • nbehandeltem kaolin and 2 ° / _e KOD (kaolin, with 2 ° which was treated with 1 * / o of its own weight of octadecylamine) was coated. ao

The results of these tests on the lambs The preventive properties are listed in Table II above.

In addition to the anti-caking properties listed above, drill tests were also performed on a static seed drill. The procedure was as explained in detail in Example 1, with the exception of Hai. only one test series was carried out per day. The fertilizer was coated with 2 ° / _e kaolin containing the organopolysiloxane Me, SiO (SiHMeO) _ie SiMe, in proportions by weight in the order of ^l / i ^nd 1 ° / _0, and with the same fertilizer, which was treated with KOD , compared. The results are shown in FIG. 4 A to 4 C of the drawing.

It has been found that the action of the silanes and organopolysiloxanes on the finely divided inert Powder is dependent on time in two respects, namely

(a) the time that elapses after the silane or organopolysiloxane was applied to the powder, and

(b) the time that elapses after the treated powder material is applied to the fertilizer would.

The silanes or organopolysiloxanes should therefore be heat-treated on the powder before the the latter is applied to the fertilizer. Heat treatment after application gives a worse one Product.

It has also been found that the nature of the time dependence is related to the chemical nature of the organopolysiloxane changes.

Example 3

Two batches of 2.27 kg spherical AK clay and three batches of 2.27 kg China clay were ground in a ball mill with (a) 5% and (b) 10% of an oil-Süan mixture, the oil being heavy fuel oil (HFO). or light fuel oil (LFO) and the silane in all cases was a triethoxysilane of the formula C ₁₁ H ^ Si (OC ₂ Hj) ₃ .

Granules of the same 22:11:11 fertilizer as used in Example 2 were initially added coated with 0.2 or 0.1 percent by weight of heavy fuel oil and then with 2 percent by weight

45 silane treated clays prepared as described above to produce the following five batches of coated fertilizer granules:

Fertilizer approach
No.

1
2
3
4th
5

Coating

spherical AK tone + 4% LFO + 1% C ₁₄ H ^ Si (OCH ₅ ),

spherical AK tone 4- 4 ⁰ / "HFO 4- l ° / o C ₁₄ H ₁₉ Si (OC ₁ H ₆ ), ·

China tone 4- 4% LFO 4- 1%
C ₁₄ H ₂₁ Si (OC ₁ H,),

Chinese tone + 9 ° / ₀ LFO + 1%
C ₁₄ H ₁₁ Si (OC ₁ H ₈ ),

China tone 4- 4 ° / ₀ LFO 4- l ° / _n
C ₁₄ H ₁₉ Si (OC ₁ H ₄ ),

In Runs Nos. 1, 2 and 3 the initial was Heavy fuel oil coating was 0.2 percent by weight, and in Runs Nos. 4 and 5 this was reduced to 0.1 percent by weight reduced in order to reduce the total organic content of the coatings.

Each of these fertilizers was stored under conditions equivalent to storage at room temperature as well as at 50 ° C in polyethylene bags for 2 months under a pressure of forty to fifty 80 kg bags (40 l-cwt) and then for anti-caking properties tested and compared with the same fertilizer that was used with 2 · /, AKO ₁ (spherical AK clay treated with 1% octadecylamine). The samples caked in the cold and caked in the heat were also subjected to a float test (a measure of their seedability with a seed drill), in which the coated granules were applied to the surface of a saturated solution of the fertilizer. Those samples that remained in the spiked state for 3 minutes or more are considered acceptable for seed drill.

The results of these tests for anti-caking properties and the ability to be sown using a seed drill are listed in Table III below.

Table ΪΪΪ

fertilizer
approach
No. Together
bake at
space
temperature Together
bake at
50 'C Flotie.; Ngv
test 1
2
3
4th
5 XX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX XXXX
XXXXX
XXXXX XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX

X = little effect,

XX = good effect.

XXX = equivalent to AKO ₁ ,

XXXX = better than AKO ₁ .

The five fertilizer approaches were
thirds described above.> te: i
for comparison purposes v-urder. Each ■ ·:

--n he ._- r if subjected to, and

simultaneously with the same 22:11:11 fertilizer executed, which was coated with:

(a) 0.2 heavy oil + 2 °, 'o spherical AK clay, the was treated with 1% octadecylamine (two approaches),

(b) 0.2% heavy oil + 3% calcium carbonate, da. «from an aqueous phase and mixed with stearic acid has failed.

The drill tests were carried out in a static seed drill with 15 rows, the filling chamber of which was divided into five equally sized sections, each of which was filled with a differently coated fertilizer could be, whereby the simultaneous assessment of five treatments was possible. The seed drill was run for 15 minutes during which time the seed from each section was spread Fertilizer was collected and weighed. The seed drill was then on for at least 7 hours in a very humid atmosphere left at rest ao and operated for an additional 15 minutes. In all cases, each test consisted of eleven sets of trials, two trials per day. The weight of fertilizer collected at the end of each series of experiments was calculated as Percentage of the relevant section in the »5 first series of experiments expressed the collected weight.

The results of the drill tests are shown in FIG. 5 A to 5 represented H of the drawing, which show that the silane treated fertilizer was consistently better than the seeded using seed drill with spherical AK-Ton + 1 ° / ₀ octadecylamine.

Example 4

Granules of the same 22:11:11 fertilizer used in Examples 2 and 3 were added first with 0.2 percent by weight of heating oil and then with 2 percent by weight of the following. ' treated clays coated:

(A) China tone + 4 ° / ₀ liquid paraffin + 1 ° / ₀ C ₁₄ H ^ Si (OC ₁ Hs) ₃ ,

(B) spherical clay (AK) + 4 ° / "liquid paraffin -f 1 ° / o C _u H" Si (OC, H _$ ) 3.

Each of these fertilizers was stored and then for the anti-caking agent Properties checked and subjected to a floatation test as described in Case 1. Each sample was also bottle tested as described below. The results these tests are listed in Table IV below.

Table IV

55

Coating
tion Together
bake at
Space-
temperature Together
bake at
50 ^c C Flotation
foresight
test Bottles
test A.
B. XXX
XXXX XXX
XXXX XXXX
XXXX XXXX
XXXX

saturated fertilizer solution, mechanical rolling movements for a certain time (usually 1.5 minutes) subject. After the specified time, the bottle is removed from the rolling device and the volume of granules freely flowing from the bottle is measured. The extracted volume is measured against the percentage of volume recovered from a test that is below similar conditions using from an aqueous phase and together with stearic acid precipitated calcium carbonate was carried out, the test with dbsem calcium carbonate being used as a comparative test.

60

X = little effect,

XX = good effect,

XXX = equivalent to AKO-.

XXXX = better than AKO ₁ .

The above-mentioned bottle test consists in placing a volume fraction of the granules to be tested in a • HVö-e bottle. containing a special amount of a

Claims (19)

Patent claims: 1. Non-baking, especially granular fertilizer mixtures, preferably ammonium nitrate and / or contain urea and those with a coating of at least one silicone compound or from a mixture of a silicone compound and finely divided inert powder are provided, characterized that it is a silane of the formula I as a silicone compound Rm ' R-Si-A Rn " [3 (m + n » where R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. R 'and R' denote hydrocarbon groups with not more than 22 carbon atoms, such as alkyl or aryl groups and preferably methyl-oner phenyl groups, A is a hydrolyzable group other than halogen, m and η = 0.1 or 2 and m + π> 2 are, or that they are an organopolysiloxane of the formula II as the silicone compound (R ^ HeSiOMR ₆ ¹ HcSiO) _n (SiHeR ₁₁ ') ,, II contain, in which the groups R 'are identical or different and have the same meaning as in formula I, and a - 0 or 1, b = 1 or 2, r = 0 or 1, b -fr = 2, d = 1, 2 or 3, e = 0, 1 or 2, d -f c = S and η is a positive integer and c ~ 2ae \ j (n + 2a) is not less than ³ / * <ι. 2. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that they are ais silicon connector dung contain a silane of the formula I, wherein 1 is a linear alkyl group with 8 to 18 carbon atoms atoms, preferably 14 carbon atoms, represents. 3. fertilizer mixtures according to claim and 2, characterized in that they are as Silii.oi compound a silane of the formula I contains wherein R 'and R "are alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl groups, preferably methyl, phenyl / 3-phenylethyl, p-tolyl or cyclohex'y groups, represent 4. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that they are used as a silicone compound contain a silicone of the formula I, in which A is alkoxy, aroxy or cycloalkoxy, ppen, preferably those that contain no more than 6 carbon atoms, preferably methoxy, ethoxy, phenoxy or cyclohexoxy groups. 5. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that they contain an alkyltriethoxysilane of the formula RSi (OC _a H ₅ ) ₃ , preferably CnHj.-triethoxysilane, as the silane. 6. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 fcis 5, characterized in that they are a silicone compound contain a silane of the formula I in which A represents a substituted group of the general formula (OC _v H _av ) "OR '", in which y ~ - 2 or 3, • = 0 or a positive whole; Number is and R '" • an amino-substituted or unsubstituted carbon fiber group represents. 7. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 ao%> is 6, characterized in that they contain an organopolysiloxane of the formula II as the silicone compound, in which in all units (R &'H _c SiO) • - 0, η not greater than 9, preferably 3 to 5, and c = l. »5 8. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 Hs 7, characterized in that they are a cyclic methylsiloxane or a mixture of a cyclic methylsiloxane of the formula (Me »HeSiO) n, preferably lit η ■ - 4 and λ = - 5 in a weight ratio of about 60 lu 40 included. 9. fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that they contain an organopolysiloxane of the form III as the silicone compound, wherein a = 1, in not all units <Ri / H _c SiO) c = l and η is preferably not greater than 100, especially 50 to 60. 10. Fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that they contain an organopolysiloxane of the formula II as the silicone compound, in which a = 1, c in all units (Ro'HeSiO) = 1 and η is preferably not greater than 60. 11. Fertilizer mixtures according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that they contain a linear methylsiloxane of the formula Me ₃ SiO (Me ₆ HcSiO) _n SiMe ₃ as the organopolysiloxane. 12. Fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that they are used as an organopolysiloxane one of the formula Me ₃ SiO (MeHSiO) ₁₁₁ SiMe ₃ contain. 13. Fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that they are used as powders ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, anhydrite, basic slag, Limestone dust, phosphorite, spherical clays, quinatones or the like. Contain. 14. Fertilizer mixtures according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that they contain up to 4%, in particular 1 to 3 "I ₀ , of the powder, based on the weight of the coated fertilizer mixture. 15. Fertilizer mixtures according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that they contain the silane or arganopolysiloxane in a proportion based on the weight of the powder, of at least 0.25%. preferably not more than 3.5%, in particular between about 0.5 and 2%. 16. A method for producing the fertilizer mixtures according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that that a silane of the formula I or an organopolysiloxane of the formula II .nit the Powder peat mixed and then] the fertilizer particles coated with the mixture thus obtained. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the silane or organopolysiloxane before mixing with the powder in a hydrocarbon, especially in a oil or a liquid paraffin, dissolves or disperses. 18. The method according to claim 16 and 17, characterized in that avf the fertilizer particles applies a layer of oil before coating. 19. The method according to claim 16 to 18, characterized in that one with the solution or the dispersion of a silane of the formula I or of an organopolysiloxane of the formula II besen · - Viteten Fertilizer particles coated with a finely divided inert powder. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings