DE1673800A1 - Time-keeping device - Google Patents

Description

DR -IN ·. % OIPL.-ΙΝβ. M. IC. DIPL.-PK HÖGER - LEGAL RIGHT- GRIESSBACH - HAECKER

A 36 182 h

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1/24/68.
USSer.No. 613.902 1673800

The United States Ilse Corporation, Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S.A.

Time-keeping device.

The invention relates to a time measuring instrument and, more particularly, to a watch, for example a Wristwatch in which the linear movement of a mechanical oscillating element turns into a rotary movement to drive the Pointer is converted.

In one embodiment of the watch is an electric Battery is used as a power source, and an electromagnetically driven vibrator is provided. A latch connected to the vibrator acts on the ™

Teeth of a ratchet or index wheel and turns it. The ratchet wheel is connected to a standard wheel chain, with the help of which the hands of the clock are rotated.

In other similar devices it has already been proposed to have two pawls on different ones on one wheel acting arms of an oscillator mechanically -

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or drive a wheel magnetically using one or two pawls connected to an oscillator.

There are several disadvantages to using this type of timing device. As far as the devices have a mechanical effect of the latch on the Have ratchet wheel, so special Vorx'ijhtung & aiass- ^ measures are taken to keep the frictional resistance of the pawl and the ratchet wheel so low that very heavy wear is avoided. Both magnetic and mechanical devices the amplitude of the ratchet stroke is greater than the division of the ratchet wheel, which then causes two teeth through the wheel instead of only one tooth could be moved forward with each stroke of the pawl. Since with every stroke of the jack that The ratchet wheel has to be indexed by a full pitch, so there were limits for the practice Dimensions of the ratchet wheel and the frequency of the ratchet strokes, - "ei precise time-keeping devices, however it is desirable to have the transducer or the frequency standard operate at a relatively high frequency. This means, that the ratchet wheel is relatively small, fragile and is expensive.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a time

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To create holding device that improves the accuracy of all such devices by reducing the frictional resistance and that generates a uniform rotary motion from the reciprocating motion of a changing amplitude. This task is performed with time-keeping devices, in particular portable small watches, such as wristwatches, with a mechanical vibrator which is actuated via a drive device fed by an electrical power source and acts on a ratchet wheel that drives a chain of wheels. Help display means can be actuated, solved according to the invention in that an electromagnet is in operative connection with the vibrator and drives the switching wheel by magnetic force and that a filling device ays Λ sensing the vibrator movement is provided?, **% . * Λ? wi% ** «se ElektroTcagneten is in operative connection and this a © ir; euert that it is only excited during a predetermined part of its oscillation period.

According to the invention, the oscillator is connected to a magnetizable pawl. There's one around the handle Arranged coil, which is charged with pulses so that the pawl iagnetiech drives a ratchet or ratchet wheel. Preferably the pawl has a plurality of teeth, the uiit gene teeth of the ratchet wheel work together in a kind of vernier effect.

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A further feature of the invention is the ratchet wheel to a Teiletüok of the cream division dea Schalttrados at rotated each stroke of the switching device, so daaa .nun the Constructor for the movements of time-keeping devices ■ he has freedom and manufacturing costs are reduced.

According to a further feature of the invention, a ratchet wheel is provided, for example by means of a magnet except Bisen, is sucked in.

In another feature of the invention, a pawl cue magnetizable material is approximately tangential Sun circumference of the ratchet wheel moved back and forth. The handle either did eelbet an electromagnetically powered one Schwinger o4er is connected to a similar transducer. Wrapped around the pawl, the coil magnetizes the Coil during part of the oscillation period. Preferably receives. the coil for such a length of time • iaen current impulse, the length of which is roughly inversely proportional to the mechanical amplitude of the latch oscillation iat. The teeth of the pawl preferably have a greater distance than the teeth of the ratchet wheel, so one Ternary effect was achieved. With the correct Abatand the Cream «'becomes the ratchet wheel, for example, by one division with three complete oscillations of the magnetic

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turned handle. The pawl takes the wheel with about the same distance for every 3 vibrations, because if the vibration amplitude is too great, the magnetization time and thus the time the wheel is attracted is shortened. Furthermore, a permanent magnet with a large number of protruding teeth is attached _{to lock the S c} holding wheel. The distance between the teeth of the locking magnet is preferably greater than the pitch of the teeth of the ratchet wheel, so that a vernier effect also occurs here.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from calibration

from the following description in connection with the drawing, the embodiments of the invention contains. In the drawing show:

Fig. 1 is a partially broken away plan view of a Watch, in particular a wrist watch, according to the invention "

2 shows a plan view of the magnetic vernier switching device on a larger scale,

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the relative positions of the drive magnetic pole tips and the Ratchet gear teeth in a preferred Ausführungsbeis ^ .iel during the rotation of the ratchet wheel . . a full division,

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Fig. 4 is a graphic representation for. Explanation of the timing of the movement of the magnetic

Latch and the timing of the impulses in the energized coil,

Pig. 5, 6, 7 and 9

Circuit diagrams of preferred circuits for use in connection with the invention,

FIG. 8 shows a graphic representation to explain the function of the circuit according to FIG.

The time-keeping device according to the invention is used in connection with a small watch, in particular a wrist watch according to Flg. 1, described, but the invention is also based on other time-keeping instruments and devices can be used.

The clock according to Flg. 1 has a housing 3 with a ring 3a. Furthermore, a transparent cover plate is on the housing 3

appropriate removable, which has a dial 6 inside the case

covers. On the dial there is a multitude of rotating

7th arranged by hand to indicate the time.

The watch has a small primary electrical battery ö within the case, but a secondary battery or solar cells or other electrical power sources can also be used. The battery is connected via lines to a circuit 2 which has a drive coil 5

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contains. The drive coil 5 participates in the excitation a permanent magnet Io together, which the oscillation of a clock 1 created. A clock of this type is shown, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,2ol,932 (Sparing) described and illustrated.

The invention is based on the object of using a simpler clock with a higher frequency su enable. The clock generator 1 drives a ratchet wheel 14 via an electromagnet 13. The ratchet 14 acts together with a conventional wheel chain 12, old their help the hands 7 of the clock are rotated.

The magnetic VemiarseiiPltantrj Mb gisKäes * .or lrfi * iäung is inPig.2 in one dai ^ seiCit. ·. ^τ υ ölektroeuv ^ .et is allied with the output arm of the oscillator 1. The electromagnet 13 is now actuated in such a way that it oscillates in the plane of the ratchet wheel 14 and close to it. The holding wheel 14 is preferably made of steel. The oscillation arc of the electromagnet 13 is comparatively short in its amplitude and consequently comparatively flat and thus very closely approximates a tangent to the ratchet wheel 14. The electromagnet 13 has a combination of a polarization coil 15 and a magnetizable pole 16. The pole 16 ends in six in the same

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Abetand arranged pole teeth 37,38,39,40,41 and 42. The hand wheel 14 has at its beginning a number of magnetizable teeth, for example the ratchet teeth 43,44,45,46,47,48, 49 and 5o, which are at the same distance are arranged from each other. The distance between the teeth 37-42 and the pole 16 is somewhat larger, for example over a third larger, than the distance between the teeth, i.e. the pitch of the teeth 43-5o of the ratchet wheel 14

During operation, the folarization coil 15 of the electromagnet 13 is excited in the direction of the arrow A during a part, preferably a third, of the respective forward pivoting stroke. The teeth 38 and 41 of the electromagnet 13 hold the teeth 45 and 49 of the ratchet wheel 14 firmly so that the ratchet wheel rotates with it. As a result of the short excitation time, such a rotation only results in a movement of at least a fraction of the division of the switching xad, preferably over a third of this division. During the Rttokhubes of the clock generator 1, the polarization coil is not energized, and the movement of the electromagnet 33 has no effect on the position or the movement of the switching wheel 14.

The oscillation frequency of the electromagnet 13 is with

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Help maintain the natural frequency of the clock 1. The amplitude of each partial movement that affects the Ratchet wheel 14 is transmitted by the electromagnet 13, is kept constant by having a magnetic Vernier switching device is used, and further in that the length of the period of energization of the polarizing coil is controlled. , - <«

When the polarizing coil is 15 13 no longer energized the electromagnet, so exerts a Arretiermagnet 21, the main force on the S _e haltrad from. The locking magnet is preferably - ».:> A permanent magnet. The direction of its permanent magnetization is indicated by the arrows B. The locking magnet 21 has six pole teeth 7o-75. According to Pig. 2, its pole teeth 71-74 attract the spatially closest two ratchet gear teeth 77, moving 81. The pole teeth 7o_ 75 are spaced a third greater than the size of the pitch of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 14, in order to achieve a vernier effect. The Arretierungsmagnet 21 positions the S _c haltrad 14 as long is 14 to overcome the holding force by the Soine 'magnetic attraction of the ratchet wheel at the next stroke by the moving electromagnets. 13

The polarization coil j.5 is during a small part

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of the individual forward strokes of the clock 1 activated for such a period of time that is necessary to turn the ratchet wheel by a distance P / 3, where P means the tooth pitch of the ratchet wheel. The locking magnet can improve and stabilize or correct the swivel arc during the intermediate times between the strokes to exactly? / 3 within a range of P / 3 - P / 6.

Like in Pig. 3, the pole teeth have 37-42 of the electromagnet 13 a Yernierbesiehung with the teeth of the S _c 43-5o holding wheel 14. The partial figures 3a - 3h show how the pole teeth of the electromagnet 13 sequentially occupy different positions relative to the teeth 14 ds3 Schaltrade3 . Bins full tooth movement of the ratchet wheel corresponds to three oscillations of the electromagnet between the lines 116-119, ie between the pigs. 3b to 3h.

In the first position read Fig. 3a, the pole teeth 33 and 41 of the electromagnet 13 are opposite the teeth 45 and 49 of the ratchet wheel 14. DorElectromagnet becomes goraäsa Pig. 3b swiveled to the right and takes the counters 45 and 4 £ and control gear 14 clockwise with. The electromagnet 13 then reverses slowly. 3o in its starting position, i.e. back to position 3a.

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Since the electromagnet does not during your swing back is excited, and as a result of the holding action of the locking magnet 21, the ratchet wheel j 4 does not move backwards, i.e. counterclockwise.

Starting from the position shown in FIG. 3c, the electromagnet 13 takes the teeth during its next forward heating change and 5o with its teeth "> 9 and 42 ait. This pivoting movement moves the teeth 46 by! 5o the lock video 14 ic clockwise into the position of the pig.3d. D.". e distortion after the electric magnet has swung back .13 is in Pig.3e shown, in which his teeth 37 and 4o interact with the teeth 43 and 47 Eusaonen. The next swivel movement there Slektrooagnoten now brings up teeth 43 and 47 ds * ·; Scai »ltrades clockwise into the I-sge ^ eciäoe Fig.3f. The next Reverse position is in Pig. 5g darecflteMt, cie aei ^ t, that: aun teeth 3β and 41 with sons f4 and 48, respectively cooperate. These teeth are moved in a clockwise direction into the position according to Pig.3h. Sine similar Yernierwirkung occurs swischen AEEN pole teeth 7o - 75 of 21 Arretieraagneten and creams € it £ r, h & ltrades 4 a.

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They move teeth 76 through 82 while pivoting of the electromagnet 13 is indicated by the dashed lines for the teeth 'shown in FIG.

Ben the time course of the drive or excitation pulse for the polarization coil 15 of the electromagnet 13 shows Fig. 4 · Di «normal mechanical amplitude dee Clock generator 1 and thus the electromagnet 13 is shown in dashed lines at 51. The coil 15 will only during the forward stroke see pulse times 52.53 and 54 excited. The normal amplitude 51 is the approximate Display slightly larger than the amplitude 59 * 6o, which corresponds to the minimum stroke required for positive switching of the ratchet wheel 4.

In the 8c.bA? Tecfeena after Pig-. 5 let £ ie Brrft ^ crspule 15a

dee electromagnet Λ3 with the collector of a transistor 9o *

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' tied together. The input coil 92 of the oscillator is connected to the Bas.is of the input transistor 91 connected. The circuit of the drive coil 94 of the oscillator 1 corresponds to one jtrigyed blocking oscillator and is in connection with Pi'g.7 explained in more detail. The input transistor 91 is chosen so that its forward current is low and it becomes conductive as soon as an induced voltage is applied to the

'i

Coil 92 occurs. The transistor 9o becomes a little later ^

/ Conductive, the delay being by a delay circuit including a capacitance 92 and a resistor 97 is caused. If the. Transistor 9o becomes conductive, the transistor 91 is thereby turned into a non-conductive state as a result of the resistor 96 the flowing stream brought to hatred. The transistor 9o is turned on due to the cessation of the induced voltage pulse switched off in the input coil 92.

The output pulse of this circuit is with respect to the Current amplitude and its duration so large that it is sufficient even with larger changes to the coil 15 for a such a length of time to impose a pulse that the electromagnet 13 advances one tooth of the ratchet wheel. Due to the vernier effect, the. Neglected fact be, daos the pulse duration of the coil 15 is within certain limits su long. Such a long time

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Pulses do not adversely affect the switching of the S _c holding wheel 14 by the electromagnet 13. In addition, physical stops for the electromagnet can be used to prevent oversized deflections. These attacks are not shown.

"There are other versions for an electronic one Circuit for use with the present invention consists of a circuit as shown in Pig.6 of the U.S. Patent 3,061,796 (Schöninger) is shown. The circuit has two complementary tranaistors, namely PNP transistor Io7 and NPN transistor lol, on. The combined drive and control coil Io2 int one single coil for both purposes and is mechanically set in vibration relative to the permanent magnet. the Coil Io2 can move relative to a foatan magnet or the magnet can move relative to the coil, oiler it is also possible for both of them to be converted into opposite η at the same time Swing directions. Hit the base of transistor Io7 iafc a capacitor Io4 and a resistor Io5 are connected. The circuit v / e is also resistors Io3, lo3 and Io9 on, dl «together with the coil Io2 and 15b a bridge

ung bilien, In this circuit the width nb: i- ^ bn impulse ο u ^ olrohrb proportional to the amplitude ih-i. n, «chan..uJühi-iii S _c hwii! gb? iwegurig _f wiu Jies in e:!,» sel-

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ηβη in column 3, lines 1-27 of this patent specification explains 1st. This circuit has positive feedback in the sense that the movement of the coil Io2 supplies a control pulse which is amplified in the sense that the coil Io2 is now effective with the battery 3b is connected to receive a drive pulse bu. Due to this arrangement, the control pulse is phase-shifted by 1βο ° and results in a greater Strott sur ^

Generating a drive pulse for the coil Io2. The circuit can also use negative feedback, for example by means of a known amplitude stabilization. A suitable negative coupling would be have a non-linear resistance Io6 in the base circuit of the transistor Io7 so as to control the gavami'tc; To achieve current amplitude of the Airtrlebsimptslsee, which is inversely proportional to the mechanical occupancy of the coil Io2 relative to its magnet «A suitable, non-linear resistor Io6 would be example- ™ wise a varistor. The coil Io2 is in series with one Coil 15b connected, which around the electromagnet'13 represents wound control coil. When using this circuit it is possible to adjust the pulse duration in the Change coil 15b, see below. This pulse duration is inversely related to the mechanical amplitude of the oscillation of the Electromagnet · If 41 · meohaniecho amplitude dta electromagnet 13 is Obergroas (see Fig. *) "Vie die" in the dashed line 55, · ο becomes

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the length of time during which the coil 15b is energized, abbreviated, such as in the short pulses 56, 57 and 5b.

A further circuit, as it is useful for the invention, is shown in Pig.7. This circuit generates Ho .A triggered Spcircchwinger, the einon Aufagangsimpuls, the pulse width ι) öes in amplitude and duration for the trigger control pulse remains koaatant. The circuit Ho has an input coil 11.4 ( 15ooü GhE *, a pick-up coil 116 (15,000 ohms), the Polerioationsapule 15c of the electromagnet 13, a battery Cc (1.6 volts) and an NPN Tfcansintoren 111. The emitter and the Collector »? Β> ϊ Transietors 111 are connected to each other via a capacitor 112 (o, ol mfd). The circuit is completed by a resistor 117 (2 meg) and a capacitor 113 (o, 22 infd). The electrical values are examples from those that can be selected to achieve the above-mentioned results. The magnet 2c int in this example can be moved relative to the ropes 114, 116, but air'ia also know how to move the coils, as already mentioned above triggered blocking oscillators can be used.

In a further circuit according to Fig. 9 is the width dee drive impulses from the front Με to the trailing one

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.Edge constant. However, there is a changeable part in its center. The effect of the energy of the impulse changes inversely with the physical amplitude of the oscillator. In Pig.8 the pulse 15o a, b is a normal pulse and consists of a first pulse part 15oa and a second pulse part 15ob. The sowing width of the two parts is 15oc. The second pulse 151a _t b is also a normal pulse. The third and fourth pulses 153a, b and 152a, b have a reduced total energy. These reduced pulses 152 a, b and 153a, b arise from an oversized amplitude oscillation of the clock generator. The total width 152c of the pulse 152a, b is the same as the width, ie from the leading to the trailing edge of the pulse 15oa, b. The total energy of the next two pulses 154a, b and 155a, b is greater because of the lower oscillation of the clock generator-r

In the circuit according to Pig. 9 overcomes the input coil I6o the normal bias of transistor 161 and makes them conductive. The transistor 161 can do this can be used to trigger a Schmitt trigger circuit (not shown here) in order to achieve an ideal, rectangular wave shape according to Pig.8 au obtained. Of the Transistor 161 is coupled to transistor 162 and «3

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overcomes its normal bias voltage, which is responsible for the non-conductive state. The drive coil 163 and the coil 15d of the electromagnet are connected to one another in the collector circuit of the transistor 162. If the induced pulse becomes too large as a result of excessive oscillation of the clock generator, a large pulse is induced in the coil 164. This large pulse overcomes the voltage across the resistor 165, so that now the transistor 166 becomes conductive and the pulse is derived from the coil 16o. The transistor 162 then returns to its normal, non-conductive state. The drive transistor 162 is provided with a common base connection. The coils 164, 16 o and 163 can be combined with one another to achieve greater simplicity.

From the above, it can be seen that the rotational speed of the ratchet wheel Over a large range as a result of the correction by the vernier retaining mechanism and as a result the excitation control of the polarization coil is independent of the amplitude of the clock generator »

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Claims (14)

Claims Tent-holding device, especially portable Xleinuhr, such as Wrist watch with a mechanical vibrator! who has a Tod an electrical power source fed drive device actuable solder and acts on a ratchet wheel, the one Drives chain of wheels, with the help of which display means can be operated. -eind, characterized in that an electromagnet (13) old the vibrator (1} in operative connection and by magnetic force the Schalttrcd {14) drives and that a sensor device (15) e to sense the fan movement is seen with the gate Electromagnet (13) in operative connection lat and this eo controls that he only filing his goal with a goal Oscillation period excited 1st. 2. Time keeping device according to claim 1, characterized in that B the FahlTorrlchtung ei ^ s in the Ifthe des Tlbimtors (1) arranged Hihlepule (15) has. In d @ r through their movement relative to the vibrator (1) an electric current is generated and those with a negative Bttokkopplungs * controlled by it TerstMrker (Jig. 5-9) is connected to the Electromagnet (13) is connected so as to control the excitation duration of this SIektroaagneten (13) and the Errng Deactivate the electromagnet (I5) in such a way that oils only a rope of the Perlode dee vibrator (1) occupies. »- 19 - 009886/0712 BAD OR.G.NAL 3. Zeithalt end ββ device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electromagnet (13) has a plurality of τοη PoI-spitsen (37-42), the nagnetiaoh old on the Umlang dee Sohaltradea (14) arranged teeth (43-50 ) susasaienwlrken. 4. Time-keeping device naoh Anapruoh 3 t thereby gekenneeicbaet, that the rope of the pole pit (37 - 42) of the electromagnet (13) and the teeth (43 - 50) de Sobaltrade (U) ungleioh i * t, ao that * eich results in a differentiation of the same for one another. 5 x Seithaltende · device naoh one of Torhergehenden claims, daduroh in that a stationary Arretiemagnet (21) is arranged in the IAHE of Sehaltrades (14) having a plurality sound pole tips (70-75) o * t _{v is} the Magnetic ait the Teeth (76-82) of the holding wheel (14). susajmemrirken, in order to stabilize the balance wheel (14) during those phases during which the hectomegnet (13) is de-excited. 6. Time-keeping device naoh claim 5, daduroh gekenuselohnet, that the locking magnet (21) is a pexeaneat magnet. 7 «Time-keeping device according to claim 5 or 6, daduroh marked-rewarded, dsJ the filing of the pole tips (70 - 75) of the Αττβκ * -. animal magnets (21) unlike the filing of the tooth (76 - 82) de Sohaltrade (14) is. 8. Side holding device near one of Amsfarttohe 5-7, daduroh gekeasMflohaet, AaA the partially circumscribed Polsfitsen (37 - 42) 70 - 75) of the HeirtroeMgneteo (13 / and da · ArretieaMgneten (21) are the same. - 20 - 009886/0712 9. Time-keeping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that η pole tips of the electromagnet (13) and / or the locking magnet (21) η + 1 teeth (43 - 49; 76 - 82) correspond to the ratchet wheel (14). 10. Time-keeping device according to one of the preceding claims · characterized in that the electromagnet (13) and / or the locking magnet (21) have η + 2 pole tips. 11. Zeithaltendss device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrator (1) and the electromagnet (13) are firmly connected to one another. 12. Time-keeping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entrainment of the ratchet wheel (14) per half swing of the electromagnet (13) is approximately 1/3 of the Ratchet division 13 * time-keeping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole tips (37-42; 70-75) of the electromagnet (13) and / or the locking magnet (21) on the one hand and the teeth (43-50; 76-82) of the Ratchet wheel (14) face radially. 14. Time-keeping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the electromagnet (13) is approximately tangential to the circumference of the gearshift wheel. 009886/0712 _BAD ORIGJNAU M. Empty soap