DE1665226B2 - Process for the production of a ceramic resistor body with a positive temperature coefficient - Google Patents
Process for the production of a ceramic resistor body with a positive temperature coefficientInfo
- Publication number
- DE1665226B2 DE1665226B2 DE1665226A DE1665226A DE1665226B2 DE 1665226 B2 DE1665226 B2 DE 1665226B2 DE 1665226 A DE1665226 A DE 1665226A DE 1665226 A DE1665226 A DE 1665226A DE 1665226 B2 DE1665226 B2 DE 1665226B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- barium titanate
- semiconducting
- barium
- fluorine
- titanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/022—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances
- H01C7/023—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances containing oxides or oxidic compounds, e.g. ferrites
- H01C7/025—Perovskites, e.g. titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
3 43 4
Es wurde gefunden, daß zur Herstellung der PTC- Standes, bezeichnet durch TCnOx, in Prozenten proIt has been found that for the production of the PTC stand, denoted by TC n O x , in percentages per
Widerstände nach der Erundung das Pulver in an 0C.Resistances after rounding the powder in at 0 C.
sich bekannter Weise einen geringeren Überschuß bis Die Basiszusammensetzung der keramischen Kör-is known to have a smaller excess to The basic composition of the ceramic body
zu 3 Molprozent und vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 2,0 Mol- per war:to 3 mole percent and preferably 1.5 to 2.0 mole percent was:
prozent an Titandioxyd enthalten kann, 5 (BaO) (TiO ) (Sb O )percentage of titanium dioxide, 5 (BaO) (TiO) (Sb O)
Als Fluorid verwendet man vorzugsweise Kalzium- lt0 vi.0175 % wcoois ·The preferred fluoride is calcium lt0 vi.0175 % wcoois
fluorid. Für diese Zusammensetzung betrug TCm0x = 38.fluoride. For this composition, TCm was 0x = 38.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen kerami- Dies ist in der Tabelle bei Versuch B angegeben,The production of the ceramic according to the invention is indicated in the table for experiment B,
sehen Widerstandskörper kann z. B. folgendermaßen Zur Bestimmung des Temperaturkoeffizienten (TC) see resistance body can z. B. As follows To determine the temperature coefficient (TC)
geschehen. 10 des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstandes (R) gilt:happen. 10 of the specific electrical resistance (R) applies:
Pulvriges Bariumkarbonat, Titandioxyd und Anti- / dR dialogR Powdery barium carbonate, titanium dioxide and anti / dR d ia logR
monoxyd (Sb2Oj) werden sorgfältig vermischt, z. B. TC ~ ~r' "T^r = ^»3 · —— -monoxide (Sb 2 Oj) are mixed carefully, e.g. B. T C ~ ~ r ' "T ^ r = ^» 3 · —— -
durch Mahlen, und das Gemisch wird während λ al αϊby grinding, and the mixture becomes during λ al αϊ
60 Minuten bei 1100° C in Luft erhitzt. Das erhaltene (T = Temperatur in ° C).Heated for 60 minutes at 1100 ° C in air. The obtained (T = temperature in ° C).
Produkt wird gemahlen Mit dem auf diese Weise 15 Der Anstieg des elektrischen Widerstandes beiProduct is ground with the in this way 15 The increase in electrical resistance at
entstandenen Pulver wird das zuzusetzende Fluorid, einem Temperaturanstieg von 1° C beträgtThe resulting powder becomes the fluoride to be added, a temperature increase of 1 ° C
z. B. CaF2, innig gemischt, z. B. durch Mahlen. Das RT+l z. B. CaF 2 , intimately mixed, e.g. B. by grinding. The R T + l
erhaltene pulvrige Produkt wird in die gewünschte —r— = eTC·powdery product obtained is converted into the desired —r— = eTC ·
Form, z. B. Stab-, Platten- oder Streifenform, ge- Rt Shape, e.g. B. rod, plate or strip shape, ge Rt
bracht, z. B. durch Pressen. Der erhaltene Körper ao (e = Grundzahl des natürlichen Logarithmus),brings, z. B. by pressing. The obtained body ao ( e = basic number of the natural logarithm),
wird dann in einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre zu Für einen TC-Wert von 100% pro 0C ist then becomes for a TC value of 100% per 0 C in an oxygen-containing atmosphere
einem keramischen Widerstandskörper gesintert, 7 B. erc = 2,75, was bedeutet, daß der elektrische Wider-sintered with a ceramic resistance body, 7 B. e rc = 2.75, which means that the electrical resistance
dadurch, daß er während 60 Minuten bei 1400° C stand in diesem Fall pro ° C um einen Faktor 2,78in that it stood at 1400 ° C for 60 minutes in this case by a factor of 2.78 per ° C
in Luft erhitzt wird. Der erhaltene Widerstandskörper zunimmt.is heated in air. The resistance body obtained increases.
kann auf bekannte Weise mit ohmschen Elektroden as £s dürfte einleuchten, daß bei unter Anwendungcan be used in a known manner with ohmic electrodes as £ s that when using
und Zuführungsdrähten zur Herstellung von PTC- des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung hergestelltenand lead wires for the production of PTCs produced by the method according to the invention
Widerständen versehen werden. keramischen Widerstandskörpern, deren Temperatur-Resistances are provided. ceramic resistance bodies whose temperature
Zu untersuchende keramische Widerstandskörper koeffizienten des spezifischen elektrischen Wider-(Scheiben,
Durchmesser 7,5 mm, Dicke 1,85 mm) Standes höber als 100% pro u C sind, die Zunahme
wurden mit ohmschen Elektroden versehen, wodurch 30 des elektrischen Widerstandes bei einem Temperaturkeine
Übergangswiderstände auftreten. Der elektrische anstieg von 1°C bei aus ihnen hergestellten PTC-Widerstand
wurde bei verschiedenen Temperaturen Widerständen besonders groß ist.
gemessen. Die keramischen Körper nach der Erfindung sindCeramic resistance bodies to be investigated are coefficients of the specific electrical resistance (discs, diameter 7.5 mm, thickness 1.85 mm) higher than 100% per u C, the increase was provided with ohmic electrodes, whereby 30 of the electrical resistance at one Temperature no contact resistance occurs. The electrical increase of 1 ° C in the PTC resistor made from them was particularly large at different temperatures of the resistors.
measured. The ceramic bodies according to the invention are
In der nachstehenden Tabelle sind nacheinander feinkristallin. Dies ist vermutlich auf eine Beschrän-In the table below are successively finely crystalline. This is presumably limited to
aufgeführt die Nummer des Versuches, die Art und 35 kung des Kristallwachstums durch den Einfluß vonlisted the number of the experiment, the type and effect of the crystal growth due to the influence of
Menge des zugesetzten Fluorids, etwaige Einzelheiten Fluorid zurückzuführen. Infolgedessen weisen dieAmount of fluoride added, any details returned fluoride. As a result, the
über die Sintertemperatur, die Sinterzeit bzw. Ersatz Körper eine hohe Durchschlagspannung auf. DerThe sintering temperature, the sintering time or the replacement body have a high breakdown voltage. Of the
eines Teiles des BaO durch SrO oder des TiO2 durch hohe Grad der Reproduzierbarkeit bei der Herstel-a part of the BaO by SrO or of the TiO 2 by a high degree of reproducibility in the production
SnO2 und zum Schluß der Höchstwert des Tempera- lung der Widerstände ist auch diesem Effekt zuzuturköeffizienten des spezifischen elektrischen Wider- 40 schreiben.SnO 2 and finally the maximum value of the temperature of the resistors is also attributable to this effect of the specific electrical drag.
Versuch Fluorid in EinzelheitenTry fluoride in detail
Nr. Molprozent max.No. mole percent max.
pro 0Cper 0 C
sintern bei 1400° C; 20 Minuten 21sintering at 1400 ° C; 20 minutes 21
sintern bei 1400° C; 40 Minuten 92sintering at 1400 ° C; 40 minutes 92
sintern bei 1400° C; 80 Minuten 115sintering at 1400 ° C; 80 minutes 115
sintern bei 1350° C; 40 Minuten 92sintering at 1350 ° C; 40 minutes 92
sintern bei 1400° C; 40 Minuten 92sintering at 1400 ° C; 40 minutes 92
sintern bei 1500° C; 40 Minuten 78sintering at 1500 ° C; 40 minutes 78
2 Molprozent BaO ersetzt durch SrO 922 mole percent BaO replaced by SrO 92
2 Molprozent TiO2 ersetzt durch SnO2 582 mole percent TiO 2 replaced by SnO 2 58
65 2 Molprozent BaO ersetzt durch SrO 6865 2 mole percent BaO replaced by SrO 68
Claims (4)
Koeffizienten, bestehend aus praktisch reinem Aus »Proceedings 1956, Electronic Components halbleitendem Bariumtitanat, das unter Anwen- Symposium«, S. 41 bis 46, sind Widerstandskörper dung des Prinzips Oer geleiteten Valenz halb- bekannt, die ebenfalls aus halbleitendem Bariumleitend gemacht worden ist und Fluor enthält, wo- titanat bestehen, in deren Kristallgitter der Sauerstoff bei ein aus dem halbieitenden Bariumtitanat be- ίο durch Fluor ersetzt ist. Dies läßt sich praktisch nur stehendes Pulver nach seiner Formgebung in dadurch erreichen, daß bereits dem Ausgangseiner sauerstoffhalügen Atmosphäre gesintert gemisch zur Herstellung des Bariumtitanats Fluor zuwird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gesetzt wird. Hierdurch tritt aber eine erhebliche aus bereits halbleitend gemachtem und gesinter- Veränderung im Bariumtitanatgitter auf, die nicht zur tem Bariumtitanat durch Mahlen hergestellte Pul- 15 Verbesserung der elektrischen Eigenschaften eines ver vor der Formgebung mit wenigstens einem aus diesem Material gefertigten Widerstandskörpers Fluorid eines der Elemente Ca, Sr und Ba innig führt.1. Process for the production of a ceramic La s + ions or Sb ^ ions or a part of the Ti 4 ^ resistance body with positive temperature 5 ions has been replaced by Nb 5 + ions.
Coefficients, consisting of practically pure from "Proceedings 1956, Electronic Components semiconducting barium titanate, the under Anwen Symposium", pp. 41 to 46, resistance bodies based on the principle of conducting valence are half known, which has also been made from semiconducting barium conducting and Contains fluorine, consist of titanate, in whose crystal lattice the oxygen is replaced by fluorine in one of the semi-conductive barium titanate. This can practically only be achieved by standing powder after it has been shaped, in that a sintered mixture for the production of the barium titanate is added to fluorine at the outlet of an oxygen-containing atmosphere, characterized in that this is set. As a result, however, there is a considerable change in the barium titanate lattice that has already been made semiconducting and sintered, which is not used to create barium titanate by grinding , Sr and Ba lead closely.
man auf bekannte Weise verfahren und darin, in ge- Demzufolge wird man die unter Anwendung derIn order to make barium titanate semiconducting, the temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance,
you proceed in a known manner and in it, in consequence, you will use the
halbleitendem Bariumtitanat besteht und deren elek- 65 Vorzugsweise wird eine Fluoridmenge verwendet, trischer Widerstand bei Temperaturanstieg bis auf die 1 bis 8 Atomprozent, und insbesondere 2 bis und über die ferroelektrische Curie-Temperatur hin- 6 Atomprozent, Fluor entspricht, bezogen auf das im aus beträchtlich zunehmen kann, sind an sich be- Pulver vorhandene Bariumtitanat.PTC resistors, their resistance bodies made of and for temperature and radiation measurement,
semiconducting barium titanate and its electrical 65 Preferably an amount of fluoride is used, tric resistance when the temperature rises up to 1 to 8 atomic percent, and in particular 2 up to and above the ferroelectric Curie temperature, corresponds to fluorine, based on the im from can increase considerably, barium titanate, which is present per se, is powder.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6516534A NL6516534A (en) | 1965-12-18 | 1965-12-18 | |
NL6516534 | 1965-12-18 | ||
DEN0029654 | 1966-12-14 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1665226A1 DE1665226A1 (en) | 1971-01-21 |
DE1665226B2 true DE1665226B2 (en) | 1975-08-07 |
DE1665226C3 DE1665226C3 (en) | 1976-03-11 |
Family
ID=
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1505751A (en) | 1967-12-15 |
US3674713A (en) | 1972-07-04 |
SE318642B (en) | 1969-12-15 |
GB1171756A (en) | 1969-11-26 |
NL6516534A (en) | 1967-06-19 |
DE1665226A1 (en) | 1971-01-21 |
BE691370A (en) | 1967-06-16 |
AT270807B (en) | 1969-05-12 |
CH495609A (en) | 1970-08-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |