DE1665121B1 - Investment material - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to an embedding compound for F i g. 1 shows the temperature profile of the

the electrical components of electrical devices, the loss factor d for two different substances,

from a mixture of at least two different figures. 2 shows the temperature profile of the

organic substances and an inorganic substance loss factor for a mass according to the invention,

consists. 5 F i g. 3 shows the temperature profile of the

So far, electrical devices, in particular a loss factor for another, are according to the invention

switching chokes, embedded in a mass, the mass,

from organic materials such as asphalt, unsaturated F i g. 4 to 6 representations of the temperature profile

Polyester resin, polyurethane resin, oil and grease and other sound transmission of known embedding compounds,

organic substances such as clay, sand, quartz powder io Fig. 7 shows the relationship between

and lime - exists to reduce the device temperature by loss factor and sound transmission,

Dissipation of the heat generated during operation. F i g. 8 to 10 representations of the temperature

add and the noises emanating from the device of the sound transmission of various inventions

to dampen. It was found that the more appropriate masses and

generated noises change during operation, namely 15 FIGS. 11 to 13 representations of the temperature profile

the noises gradually take the sound transmission after switching on for further embodiments

borrowed to when the asphalt embedding compound or the invention.

Polyurethane resin exists while reducing die in electrical equipment, especially one

of the noises observed after turning on winding with iron core stirring noises generated

when the embedding material becomes unsaturated poly? o from vibrations caused by magnetostriction

contains ester resin. and electromagnetic forces are excited. Goes

It has now been found that this difference is the vibration energy through the embedding compound

is mainly due to the fact that as it increases, part of the energy is converted into heat

Warming of the winding and the iron core that converts, whereby the outwardly radiated vibration

Throttle with longer operating time the temperature of the s * 5 supply energy is reduced. The conversion to

Embedding mass also increases. This fact is based on the internal friction of the heat energy

could be confirmed by the generated sound material and can be confirmed by the elastomechanical

was measured immediately after switching on, loss factor d can be expressed,

where, however, the temperature of the embedding material. During the static deformation of an elastic material

by heating or cooling a throttle from outside 3 ° terials within the elastic limit becomes known-

regardless of the duty cycle changed the mechanical tension as proportional to the borrowed

became. Distortion viewed, so

The object of the invention is accordingly to provide

an embedding mass for the electrical components σ = Ee.
electrical devices that are independent of the operating 35

time high thermal conductivity and good sound Here σ is the tension, ε is the distortion and E

having attenuation. the Young's modulus of elasticity.

The numerous known embedding compounds, even in the case of kinetic deformation, can, however, be used

those which, from a mixture of at least two, express the tension as follows:
various organic substances and one inorganic 40

seeing the material exist, this task could not σ = E (I -} - jd) s.
to solve. There are also no studies on the

Course of the elastomechanical loss factor such that where d is the imaginary part of the vibration

Embedding materials bekanntge- energy with temperature, the d as a loss factor - tan δ designated

been; so far one has rather the embedding net and a measure for the heat energy converted

mass always represents the proportion of vibration energy converted according to its mechanical strength,

and stability selected. δ is the phase angle between voltage and voltage

It has now been found that the above problem can be performed.

This heat energy depends on the viscosity of the mixture of 5 ° used for the embedding compound and is approximately proportional to the speed of its unsaturated polyester, a polyurethane or vector. A dynamic elastic asphalt and an inorganic filler can now be defined, module E * , which is represented by the following number: the unsaturated polyester and the polyurethane:
are networked separately from each other _v

When using these substances it is easy to find 55 E * = E (I + jd),
suffice that the elastomechanical loss factor rf

of the embedding mass in two independent tempe-

temperature ranges from about 0 to 30 ⁰ C and about 70 to delten vibration energy, the lower the

130 ⁰ C has a relative or absolute maximum. Proportion of transferred through the embedding layer

It has been shown that a satisfactory sound vibration energy and the higher the vibration

Attenuation is achieved when the loss factor in attenuation of the electrical device and the like

These temperature ranges are more than 0.06 better, so the soundproofing is better,

wearing. The loss factor depends on the material and

The elastomechanical loss factor d will change with temperature. Thus, in FIG. ^{1 the part e} converted into thermal energy 5 temperature curve of the loss factor d for a thermal

understood the mechanical vibration energy. thermoplastic resin (curve A) and for a heat-

The invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawing-hardenable synthetic resin (curve B) . How one

described below. Herein shows, curve Λ has an absolute maximum at 20 "C,

3 4

and curve B has a relative maximum at 130 ^° C. The sense of hearing reacts strongly. The latter impression is based

The temperatures in question are for the respective - on the long duration of exposure to the noise.

Material characteristic and agree for the under- During the transition period, the temperature rises

looked for masses _L approximately with the freezing temperature of the embedding mass from a temperature range between

material in question. In case of a single 5 see 0 and 3O ⁰ C to ßitriebstsmperatur between

bedding compound with filler depends on the relative or 70 and 130 ⁰ C. However, the transition period is generally

absolute maximum almost only of the organic mean so briefly that the noise changes during

Proportion from and will not have any psychological impact on the type and amount of inorganic matter at this time,

see filler hardly affected. The embedding compound is chosen so that the

In general it can be said that for every 10 mechanical loss factor both in the on-time organic Substance possible at a certain temperature point as well as in steady-state

area the soundproofing is strongest in the surrounding area. This is achieved by

the temperature at which the incorporation mass is a mixture of several organic

Loss factor d contains a relative or absolute maximum nischer substances that are chosen so that the

15 mechanical loss factor has a first maximum at

According to the results of the measurements, there is an upstream room temperature (between 0 and 30 ^° C.) and a

throttle a difference of 5 to 6 Phon between the second maximum at the operating temperature (70 to

Sound emission in the vicinity of those Terapera 130 ⁰ C) has. An example of this is shown in FIG. 2 shown

door, in which the embedding mass used determines the temperature profile of the loss factor for a

has a maximum of the dissipation factor, and 20 indicates the mass of the components A and B in

other temperatures at which this is not the case in FIG. 1 is composed in appropriate proportions.

Case is. "The curve has a relative maximum at about

For almost all uniform organic solids 10 ° C and an absolute maximum at around 100 ⁰ C.

the loss factor has dan single maximum in the absence There are now some embodiments for the

dependence on temperature. The known one 25 invention indicated. All parts are

Bedding compounds almost always contain a single weight given,

ganic proportion, so that the temperatures of the maximum R ^-1 Ii

paint soundproofing either just immediately after example 1

Switch on or only after a long period of operation. 100 parts unsaturated polyester resin :, 20 parts poly-

is enough. Even with embedding compounds that are oil (hydroxyl value 500), 20 parts of toluene diisocyanate

Mixing two or more plastics and adding 0.5 parts of a 6% solution of cobalt naph-

there is only a maximum when the operating thenat were mixed with each other, - then were

temperature or at a very unfavorable temperature - 0.5 parts of dimethylethanolamine are added and

door. For this reason, the soundproofing effect was previously mixed, whereupon 1 part of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Not sufficient in a larger temperature range. 35 was added and mixed.

Furthermore, the loss factor d is not directly related to the unsaturated polyester and the polyurethane

linked to the hardness of the material, like the resin, are linked separately from one another, so that at

shows that, as mentioned, the maximum hardening does not occur and

The lust factor is often found in the vicinity of the freeze-hardened product made of a chemically non-uniform

temperature is. So exceeds the thermoplastic 40 borrowed mixture of unsaturated polyester and

see fabric this maximum and become rubbery if there is polyurethane resin.

the sound attenuation tends to decrease. If the acid value (and hydroxyl value) of the nor-material is used as an embedding compound, the paint polyester is 50 to 30, and in certain cases the emitted noises should even have an acid value less than the unsaturated polyester. So it is not always true that the sonic 45s have a 7 (preferably about 5),
The softer the material, the better the damping. The unsaturated polyester resin used can be as is, as has always been claimed. If z. B. one can be made as follows:

Ballast is potted with pitch, take the 1 mole of maleic anhydride and 1 mole of propylene

Noises gradually decrease after switching on and glycol are made to react, so that a

are in the steady state several Phon higher 50 polyester with the acid value 100 is obtained, which

than immediately after switching on. Since pitch is hereinafter referred to as polyester A,

softened by the heat, the material becomes all the softer, 200 g polyester A, 800 g xylene resin (commercial

the longer the on-time is. The same observation drawing J-10) and 1 g of p-toluene sulfonic acid become

This can be done with polyurethanes. 1 hour at 140 ⁰ C and a further P / 2 hours at

According to this, the sound attenuation of a potting 55 rising from 140 to 200 ° C temperature to react

The mass can only be obtained by measuring the loss factor d . A denatured poly-

to be judged. Among those substances that the maester has with the acid value 5.3 and the hydroxyl value

ximum of the loss factor between 0 and 3O ⁰ C ha-5.0.

ben, are asphalt, polyurethane resins, oils and fats. 600 g of this denatured polyester and 0.2 g

Among those substances that have a maximum or a 60 hydroquinone then dissolved in 400 g of styrene, where-

show strong increases at higher temperatures are due to the unsaturated used in the above example

unsaturated polyester. Polyester resin is obtained. The viscosity of this pro-

In general, the noise level is 40 cP,

electrical devices are most noticeable when the xylene resin reacts with the terminal hy-

Device is switched on and when it has its stationary 65 hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the polyester, which

has reached a higher state. The former impression is based on the hydroxyl value and the acid value of the latter

is reduced on the sudden change in environmental conditions,

When switching on the device, on which the 200g quartz sand No. 6 and lOffTeile quartz powder

With a grain size of 5 μ were added and mixed in. The mixture produced in this way was poured into a series choke for 40 W fluorescent lamps, and the cast choke was heated ^{at 50 ° C. for 1 hour to cure.} The noise generated by this throttle were far lower than with conventional reactors, both at the activation of the fluorescent lamps (2O ⁰ C) as well as after reaching the steady operating state (60 ° C). The course of the loss factor d with the temperature results from F i g. 3. So close to 0 ° C, the maximum value of the Urelhans occurs while the maximum value of the unsaturated ester polls appear at 100 ⁰ C.

Example 2

The temperature behavior of a mixture of an unsaturated polyester resin P with a large Loss factor i / at high temperature and an elastomeric polyurethane U with a large loss factor at a low temperature. For this purpose, series chokes with a mixture P -f U Cast from 50 percent by weight of each component and the noise generated during operation was measured as well as with chokes that were potted with the masses PH-U alone. The results are in Table 1 compiled.

Table 1
Unit ... Phon

Mustcr no. OC temperature 60 ^c C 100 ^D C 15th 20-C 14th 12th P 1 15th 11th 13th 13th 2 13th 14th 8th 11th 3 9 7th 7th . 7th 4th 22nd 7th 20th ! 21 5 15th 15th 12th '12.5 middle 8th 11th 26th 35 U 1 7th 7th 26th 37 2 6th 9 i 27 , 37 3 6th 9 ! 30th ! 37 4th 7th , 6 . 28 i 37 5 6.5 7th ^; 27.5 36
j middle 10 7.5 15th ■ 11 P + U 1 13th 12th 17th i U 2 11th 14th 12th ^: 10 3 7th 10 9 i 6 4th 7th , 9 I 7 ! 9 5 7th 7th I 12 9.5 middle 10.5

various resins are listed in Table 2.

Table 2
Loss factor d

0 ° C room
tempe
rature 100 ° C ίο polyurethane
bad luck 0.13
0.08
0.04 0.10
0.10
0.06 0.02
0.05
0.07 Unsaturated
polyester

F i g. 4 to 6 show the noises of a series throttle for two fluorescent lamps of 40 W, which is embedded in a known potting compound, at a measuring point 2 m away. F i g. 4 applies to such a throttle with a casting compound which consists of a mixture of quartz sand and polyurethane resin. As you can see, the longer the duty cycle increases, as the temperature of the potting compound increases, so does the noise.
F i g. 5 applies to a casting compound made of pitch. The measured noises were lowest at room temperature, but increased at lower and higher temperatures.

F i g. 6 applies to an unsaturated polyester. here the noise decreased a little at a higher temperature.

These results are shown in Table 3.

35 Table 3
Unit. ..Phon

O ⁰ C room
temperature 70 = C 100 ° C Fig. 4th
Fig. 5
Fig. 6 8th
12th
18th 10
10
16 15th
14th
13th 19th
16
12th

45

It can be seen that the generation of noise is largely uniform over the entire temperature range.

The previous examples were based on the assumption that when the casting compound is composed of two components with maximum values of the loss factor in the two independent temperature ranges from 0 to 30 ° C and 70 to 130 ° C, a compound is obtained which shows maximum values of the loss factor in these areas . However, it has been found that this rule does not always hold true. It can therefore not always be said that the composite material inherits the properties of the individual components and thus has a large loss factor both at high and at low temperatures. Measured loss factors d Comparing the temperature changes of the noises in Table 2 with those in Table 3, it is found that the greater the loss factor, the lower the noise.

When examining the more precise relationship between loss factor and sound transmission Relationships as in FIG. 7 resulted. This gives the measurement results for a permanently installed lighting fixture again, which was equipped with a series choke for two fluorescent lamps of 40 W and was operated with a mains voltage of 100 V and 60 Hz. The noise development was with a Precision noise meter measured at a distance of 2 m. The curve in FIG. 7 shows the mean value of three such devices.

Practical experience shows that a noise level of less than 16 Phon is acceptable can be viewed. As you can see, the loss factor of the casting compound must have a value of have more than 0.06.

A few exemplary embodiments of composite materials which meet this requirement follow.

Example 3

80 parts of an unsaturated polyester (40 ° / ₀ styrene), 10 parts of polyol (hydroxyl value 500), 9 parts of toluene

7 8

Foaming is often observed as a component of diisocyanate, 1 part of benzoyl peroxide and 300 parts. Quartz flour (mesh size 150 to 200) were mixed with one another because this foaming in the present case. If the mixture is desired for 30 minutes, it can be prevented by heating it to 60 ^° C., it cured. Mixing ratio of the polyester component and the

If a series choke is modified for two fluorescent 5 polyurethane components, as well as by Art

40 W lamps are potted with this mixture or the amount of hardening agent added is changed

and the noises are made when the device is switched on or water is withdrawn.

were measured, the temperature curve was obtained after The curing of the urethane component is based on

F i g. 8. Compared with the curves for known the reaction of a substance with at least two

Masses in FIG. 4 to 6 one finds that the dependent io OH radicals and of diisocyanate. Mix it up

speed of noise from the temperature lower and z. B. castor oil with a diisocyanate, it results

the level was lower. a three-dimensional networked structure, whereby the

_R. . retained substance is already half hardened.

Example 4 The polyhydric alcohol can optionally

A mixture of 90 parts of unsaturated poly-15 a monohydric alcohol (polyester or polyether) for

ester (55% styrene), 10 parts petroleum phalt, 2 parts density adjustment can be added.
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (60% dimethyl phthalate),

1 part cobalt naphthenate (styrene solution with 60% Co) B e 1 s ρ 1 e 1 6
and 250 parts of calcium carbonate powder (mesh size 200) was prepared mass by 250 parts was heated for 40 minutes at 90 ⁰ C until it was overall 20 quartz powder (mesh size 100 to 250) are cured with 100 parts. The asphalt had previously been dissolved in the styrene of a mixture of 75 parts of unsaturated polyunsaturated polyester. ester resin and 15 parts of polyether resin (molecular

If a throttle of the type specified above with a weight of 500), 10 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 0.1 parts

the mixture was poured and the noises with dimethylaniline and 1.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide

Turning on were measured, resulted in the curve 25 were mixed.

the F i g. 9. This mass was converted into a throttle for a mercury

Cast for a silver vapor lamp of 250 W and for the purpose

^p curing heated for 30 minutes at 6O ⁰ C.

A mixture of 10 ⁰ J ₀ unsaturated polyester The temperature profile of the noise generated (45% styrene), 22 parts of castor oil, 7 parts of toluene-30 at a distance of 2 m from the device on which the diisocyanate, 1.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide, 1 Part of the throttle that was attached is shown in FIG. 11 shown. How to methylaniline and 300 parts of quartz powder provides (mesh 200), the noise level is heated in a wide temperature was 30 minutes 6O ⁰ C until cured turbereich largely constant and was remarkable. low.

If a choke of the type specified above with 35 BeisDiel7
the mixture was poured and the noises after

were measured after switching on, the result was the curve = There was a mass by mixing

the F i g. 10. 350 parts of quartz powder (mesh size 100 to 250) with

To produce the unsaturated polyester, 100 parts of a mixture of 40 parts unsaturated, for example, a polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene polyester, 50 parts castor oil, 10 parts toluene glycol, diethylene glycol or propylene glycol with a diisocyanate, 1 part benzoyl peroxide and V15 part dibasic acid such as maleic acid can be used. Anhydride, adimethylaniline produced and poured into a series throttle for pinic acid, succinic acid or phthalic anhydride 40 W. Then, it was Weden polymerized at 50 ⁰ C for 60 minutes, after which the polymer is heated long.

Vinyl monomer such as styrene or vinyl toluene as a 45 The temperature measured on the finished throttle

wetting agent is added. The course of the noises is shown in FIG. 12 shown. As

For the polyurethane component is an organic one will see the sounds for low tempera compound having two or more hydroxyl radicals in doors were a little strong, but in the temperature range zwieinem molecule an addition polymer or poly- see 20 and 100 ⁰ C is substantially constant,
ester resin or the like, an isocyanate such as toluene diiso- 5 °

cyanate or naphthalene diisocyanate, a polyol, example 8
z. B. a polyhydric alcohol such as castor oil,

Glycerine or pentaerythritol, or a polyether, a mixture of 270 parts quartz flour (mesh size

such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol or 100 to 250) with 100 parts of a mixture of

Propylene oxide is used. 55 90 parts of unsaturated polyester (55% styrene),

For the inorganic filler, calcium 5 parts polyol (molecular weight 500), 5 parts to-

carbonate, clay, quartz sand or quartz powder use luene diisocyanate, 1.5 parts benzoyl peroxide and 0.2 part

det. len diethylaniline was converted into a sequential throttle for 40 W

Cast as a catalyst to harden the unsaturated poly- ester and then kept at 20 ° C for 2 hours, a peroxide such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide can be hardened to 60 degrees. The measurement results of the temperature or benzoyl peroxide alone or in combination with the course of the noise development are shown in FIG. 13 for an accelerator such as dimethylaniline or diethyl. As you can see, the noise level used in aniline was constant and remarkably low as an amine as ^{a reaction be- a wide temperature range from 0 to 100 0 C accelerated for the polyurethane an amine.}
N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine or dirne-6 ₅ .
can serve thylethanolamine. Example 9

When hardening the masses by mixing the un- A mixture of 70 parts of unsaturated poly-saturated Polyester resin and the polyurethane ester, 20 parts of castor oil, 10 parts of toluene diisocyanate,

1.5 parts benzoyl peroxide (50 ° / ₀ strength paste), 0.2 parts of dimethylaniline, 120 parts of Al ₂ O ₃ -3 H ₂ O (average particle diameter 20 μ) and 180 parts of silica sand was used as a sealing compound and at 55 ° C hardened. This mass had good soundproofing between 0 and 100 ^° C. and was not flammable.

It was also found that, in the same way, a mixture of an unsaturated polyester resin, of asphalt and an inorganic filler also gives good soundproofing.

10

Claims (1)

Claim: Embedding compound for the electrical components of electrical equipment, which consists of a mixture at least consists of two different organic substances and one inorganic substance, thereby characterized in that the mixture of an unsaturated polyester, a polyurethane or asphalt and an inorganic filler, the unsaturated polyester and the Polyurethane are crosslinked separately from one another. 1 sheet of drawings