DE1644886A1 - Emulsified liquid hydrocarbon - Google Patents

Description

Emulsified liquid hydrocarbon.

The present invention relates to an emulsified liquid hydrocarbon.

Fuels based on hydrocarbons and especially for aircraft have the disadvantage that they are used in Occurrence of cracks or holes in fuel tanks or their supply lines, for example in the event of an aircraft accident or as a result of external influences, e.g. by acts of war, easy to leak, ignite and cause explosions. This danger is exacerbated by it Reinforced that duroh the impact the fuel is sprayed and ignites even more easily.

The present invention has set itself the task of reporting this disadvantage and proposing an emulsion of the fuel that is sufficiently viscous, so dad it cannot flow out because of the force of gravity. Furthermore should

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generally any flammable liquid according to the invention Hydrocarbon, e.g. Solvents or mixtures for chemical unification and the like "less dangerous «Furthermore, the emulsified liquid hydrocarbon should be made as a discontinuous or dispersed phase occur and make up 75 ~ 99 wt. # of the total mixture.

To solve this problem, a stable and extremely ^ viscous emulsion aimed at low shear forces not quickly out of a cracked or on other catfish Damaged fuel container flows out and still without difficulty to the actual engine or into the Combustion chamber can be pumped. G & aäfi invention achieved such emulsions which contain up to 99% of the total quenching of liquid hydrocarbon as a discontinuous phase and no water, the Overall mixture is combustible, while in other embodiments liquid hydrocarbons containing more than 93% by weight and not more than about 0.5 to 0.7% by weight Water can be prepared.

It has already been suggested. Make emulsions from liquid hydrocarbons; However, these do not usually contain more than a maximum of 60 to 70 wt.% of hydrocarbons, based on the Gesairtgewieht In the dispersive

009327/1826

16U886

sen phase. Emulsions with higher contents of hydrocarbons usually contain this as a continuous phase. Such emulsions, however, are not suitable for restricting the flowability, since an emulsion with a continuous hydrocarbon phase is hardly more viscous is called the hydrocarbon itself

Attempts at the production of hydrocarbon ions with a high content of liquid hydrocarbons of 150 pounds and more in a disperse phase have so far flowed not produce with sufficient stability. In contrast, the emulsions according to the invention are very much more stable than the known emulsions with a high content of liquid hydrocarbons in the continuous Phase. Since it is according to the invention "Bglioh" to produce mixtures in which practically all of the constituents are flammable are «there is also no loss of the calorific value of the hydrocarbons in comparison with non-emulsified carbons Hydrogen. · In cases where there is no water corrosion, which occurs with aqueous emulsions, is also prevented. It was also found that in the case of the new types of eeulsions, the oesate water content does not exceed a value of 0.5 to 0.7% by weight, the corrosion is either not noticeable at all 1st, or so low 1st, dal al «easily ehoe become loan ·

009827/1826

Emulsions consist of a dispersion of a liquid phase within a second immiscible liquid phase. "An emulsion" which contains a high prosentic content of an inner disperse phase has a viscosity that depends on the shear forces that occur, ie with low shear forces there is no free flow of the emulsion, while with sufficiently high shear forces the viscosity of the emulsion decreases at certain speed gradients " so that the material becomes slightly more fluid" as long as the critical value of the shear stress is not exceeded and the emulsion is not broken as a result, the material takes on the more viscous again when the shear force subsides State on.

Such highly viscous or pseudoplastlsohe emulsions according to the invention differ considerably from gels "the three-dimensional of a fixed" network consist in which a interlinked network ähnllohes liquid reasonable W arranges 1st, but none of these Oitter 1st completely pushed into each other. If an OeI becomes flowable due to stress, the connection points of the network are broken and have to be regenerated in order to solidify the OeI. In contrast, in the pseudoplastic emulsions of the invention, each droplet of the disperse phase is actually within

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164A886

the continuous phase and remains there at all times, whereby a flow under load is only a temporary one Change in the geometric formation caused "

This geometric figure can be viewed as a plurality of distorted spheres or dodecahedra of the dispersed liquid hydrocarbon phase, each of which is completely covered by a film of the continuous phase liquid kelt completely surrounded 1st «The continuous phase liquid contains an emulsifier or a surface-active agent to the film formation of the continuous Allow phase liquid, as this allows the dispersed droplets of the hydrocarbon to flow together prevented.

According to the invention it has now surprisingly been found that you can produce a viscous or pseudoplastic stable emulsion, which as the disperse phase 75 to 99 wt. £ liquid hydrocarbon, based on the total weight of the mixture, if one determines «one or more · non-aqueous organic liquids are used as the continuous phase. In particular, they are considered to be non-aqueous

Liquids according to the invention are strongly polar organIsoh ©

height

Liquids used which have relative / dielectric constants. Typical such products

009827 / 182S

are formamide, dimethylacetamide, diethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, glycidol, ethylene glycol and Dimethylformamide. The substances to be used as the continuous phase are characterized in that their dielectric constants are greater than 25 and that the Solubility value is greater than 10? It is also advantageous if the freezing point of the continuous phase not much more above% .5 ° C, so that the emulsion remains stable at relatively low temperatures; however, this is not an essential feature.

The following are the properties of some of the continuous or disperse phases of the elements according to the invention suitable polar substances and to »compare the properties indicated by water and a jet fuel.

The solubility value or solubility parameter is the Value obtained from the square root of the evaporation energy per mole volume according to the method of J.H. Hildebrand "Solubility of Non-Electrolytes", 3rd edition, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1930, according to

^ g.cal / mol / ml is calculated.

000827/1821

substance Freezer
point ° C -56 0 Boil
Point Dielectric
C constant Soluble-
ability
value Formamide 0 ° +18 . 109 18th Dimethylformamide + 8 200 57 12th Dimethyl sulfoxide 0 185 45 13th Formic acid -17 100, 5 58 12.1 Glycerol JP-4 jet fuel
<-56 296 45 16.5 Ethylene glycol water 197 41 14.2 60 (IBP) 2 7th 100 80 23.4

Of course, the liquid in the continuous phase must be immiscible with the liquid hydrocarbon «

Formamide is especially preferred as the continuous phase, there can be produced liquid this a substantially water-free emulsion having a content of up to 99 percent by _D $ hydrocarbon, while the remainder of the dispersant and the continuous phase material isto

In the case of formamide, the low-temperature resistance can be improved if a mixture of formamide with certain solid amides is used, provided that the mixtures are still liquid at normal temperature. The solid amides have

009827/1826

1 to 3 carbon atoms, two amino groups and zero to two imino groups. So These include urea, oxamide and guanidine .. Gewöhnlieh comprising these mixtures 50 to 85 wt.% Formamide, while the remainder is one or more of these solid amides.

When using ethylene glycol, Propylenglyeöl and glycerol can be the addition of water reported for the preparation of a stable emulsion, by using a mixture of glycol or glycerol with 5 to J50 $> and preferably 10 to 20% of urea "One can further anhydrous emulsions of a mixture of 60 to 90 % formamide

and produce 10 to 40 % ethylene glycol »Furthermore, completely anhydrous emulsions using glycol or glycerine as the continuous phase are possible if a small amount of a C _{1 to C 1 O} fatty alcohol or a corresponding fatty acid, e.g. lauryl alcohol, is used instead of water.

The hydrocarbons, which form the disperse phase in the emulsions according to the invention, boil essentially in the range between 21 and 400 ^° C., for example petroleum fractions such as gas oils, petroleum, gasoline, light or jet fuel, jet fuel, diesel oil, Stoddard solvents and the like, as well as coal tar , Hydrocarbons or solvents, naphtha, benzene,

009827/1826

Xylene, hydrocarbon fuels from coal gasification, shale oil distillates and the like. «Gasoline is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point in the range from 21 to 57 ° C and an end boiling point in the range from 121 to 225 ° C» Most types of gasoline are either Motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, the former boiling in the range from 21 to 232 ° C, while the latter boiling in a narrower range between 37 and 156 ° C. "Such gasolines" consist of numerous hydrocarbons including aromatics, olefins, paraffins, isoparaffins and naphthenes. The Stoddard solvent generally has a boiling range from 148 to 205 ° C. Jet fuels generally boil between 65 and 310 ⁰ Co The characteristics of a typical jet fuel for what is known as JP-4 fuel are as follows:

Reed vapor pressure 2.20

API density 53.5 I.

maximum freezing point -54 ° C

The boiling behavior according to ASTM D-86 in ⁰ F is as follows:

Initial boiling point: l40

10 #: 251

20Ji: 278

: 300

009827/1825

ίο -

50 *: 526

80 *: 585

95 *: ** 5

Final boiling point: 472

The emulsions according to the invention preferably contain when used as motor fuel "no metal". The best balance of the forces of attraction between the hydrocarbon phase and the continuous phase of the emulsion is achieved when a combination of two or more emulsifiers is used. To achieve the best results, * the lipophilic portion of the emulsifier as close as possible to the dispersing hydrocarbon fraction correspond. To find a good balance between the lipophilic and not lipophilic and hydrophilic forces in the emulsifier » In practice, the so-called HLB values are used to obtain this as reported by W.C. Oriffln in Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemistry «December, 19 ^ 8, page 419, and further in Kirk-Othraer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd Edition, Volume 8, pages 151-155 (1965) are described. the suitable HLB values can be achieved by adding two or several emulsifiers used in combination. For the production of stable emulsions according to the invention at a continuous phase from Fomuuaid are old emulsifiers or emulsifier combinations with HLB values la range of Scored 11-16. Formamide gives the greatest choice

009827/1828 ,

16U886 - left -

to emulsifiers, probably because of the strong hydrogen bond of the formamide. Mixtures of formamide and Solid amides such as urea produce the best emulsions if nonionic emulsifiers with HLB values in the range of 11 = 14 are used. For polar organic liquids with amides or with small amounts of water, ZoB » for ethylene glycol, the actual HIB values depend on of the selected liquid in question and change with the ratio of water or amide to the organ! - | see liquid in the continuous phase.

As surface-active substances or emulsifiers, inter alia, alkylphenyl polyethylene glycol ether, polyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, resin acid esters of polyoxyethylene glycol and alkylphenyl polythoxyalkanols, such as isooctylphenyl polyethoxyethanol, ie the reaction product of Ie, can be used as surface-active substances or emulsifiers. The alkylphenyl polyalkoxyalkanole is obtained by reaction of up to 15 mol parts of a Cg to C, alkylene oxide with one mole part of an alkylphenol with a C to C ₁₂ alkyl radicals, so that the reaction product of 6 moles of propylene oxide with one mole of dodecylphenol or Reaktionapr ^ domestic product from a mixture of 5 moles of ethylene oxide and 5 moles of propylene oxide with one mole of nonylpnenol or the reaction product of 8 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of isooctylphenol. These belong to the connections with

009827/1825

16AA886

the general formula

RA (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _x CH ₂ CH ₂ OH or

₌ . RA (CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _x

In which R is a Cg to C ₁ Q hydrocarbon radical, A is oxygen or sulfur and χ is 8 to 20.

Other emulsifiers are fatty acid esters of Sorbltans such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmotate and alkoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, trlstearate or Troleato Other suitable emulsifiers include N-alkyltrlmethylene diamondsioleate, Ootakls- (2-hydroxypropyl) sucrose, Condensation products of FettsKuramlden and Xthylenoxyden, Thoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene monostearate, polyoxyethylene monolaurate, propylene glycol mono-oleate, olefin monostearate, ethanolamine fatty acid salts, stearyldlmethylbenrolaramonumohlorld, various types of ouaa such as tragacanth, Acacia gum and the like. When the presence of Netall Does not interfere in the emulsion, so metal-containing emulsifiers such as sodium diootyl sulfosucoinate or Dlnatrlum-N-octadeoyl sulfonsiocinamate can be used.

A detailed list of emulsifiers with their HLB values can be found in Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical

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16AA886

Technology ", 2, Issue, Volume 8, Page 128-I5O (1965) given up. The emulsifiers can be selected from this list, either alone or as a mixture the HLB values suitable for the present invention result.

The liquid hydrocarbon emulsions according to the invention using formamide, formamide / solid amide, '

Formarald / Glycol as a continuous phase contain the components in the following areas:

Weight percent

Ingredients more generally more preferred. Area area

Hydrocarbon 75-99 90-99 continuous phase 0.5-20 0.5-8 dispersant 0.5-10 0.5-5

Particularly preferred are emulsions where the diakontinuierliche hydrocarbon phase represents from 96 to 99 wt.% Of the emulsion.

If water is present in the continuous phase, the areas shift slightly, namely as follows:

009827/1 828

16U886

Weight percent of generally preferred ingredients Range Range

Hydrocarbon 80-98 95-98

continuous phase 1.5 - 18 1.5 - J5 # 5 Dispersant 0.5-10 0.5-2.5

The ratio of water to the organic liquid of the continuous phase is when using Ethylene glycol, glycerine, 2-pyrrolidone or N, N-hydroethylacetamide in general at JO: 70 to 60:40 and preferably not higher than 50:50.

The ratio of the liquid hydrocarbon to the continuous phase and to the emulsifier or to the surface-active agent should be adjusted so that one The emulsion has a load capacity in the range of 800 up to 3500 and preferably from 1000 to 3000 dynes / cn measured according to ASTN D217 penetrometer or according to ASTH DIO92 Viscometer with extrapolation to the zero speed of the load, or according to the ball climbing method MII ^ P The limit values for the load-bearing capacity result from the requirement that one still has a viscosity must have, which enables pumping through the usual fuel supply lines or pumps, but nevertheless produces a fuel emulsion which passes through openings or holes

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16AA886

in the walls of the container does not flow out easily »at In conventional jet aircraft, these values are preferably in the range from 1400 to 2500. The most favorable value is where the fuel flowing out of a perforated or torn fuel container or line is so slowly flows out under the existing pressure conditions so that the fuel does not spray and the dangerous and results in highly explosive, finely divided fuel-air mixtures that occur with normal gasoline. The Fliessver " like the emulsion according to the invention can best be compared with that of a toothpaste from conventional tubes, which form a small mountain of material instead of a rapidly spreading droplet. Although the emulsion is still flammable or combustible, it remains in an area that is much more easily located below Can bring control than it is with unthickened fuel the case is.

To produce the emulsion, the dispersants are preferably mixed with the liquid hydrocarbon and then this obtained is stirred for 30 minutes Optionally, when working with two emulsifiers, one can add to the material forming the continuous phase, one of which is a populator and the other a hydrophilic emulsifier is the lipophilic portion of the

009827 / 182S

Add the hydrocarbon phase and the hydrophilic portion of the continuous phase. The speed of the dysentery is essential and cannot achieve a peripheral speed of more than 1.52 m / sec. be; The peripheral speed is usually in the range from 0.15 to 0.6 m / sec a rotation time of 150 to 500 rpm «or gear pumps for mixing, but not high-speed running Mixing devices such as colloid mills, which have speeds of 1,500 to 3,000 rpm, use “If the mixing speeds are too high, the emulsion tends to break. Of the The limit value for the shear rate during manufacture results from the fact that, once an emulsion has been formed, a shear rate of 10,000 seconds " there is a limit value for the emulsion stability if you lead them through lines, valves, filters or other systems. Preferably in such a Purpose of use the Schwergeeohwlndigkelt a value of Do not exceed 5000 seconds ". To produce the Emulsions can be operated either batchwise or continuously, room temperatures being preferred will. In the case of continuous processes, mixing can be carried out within one line.

In the production of emulsions which contain ethylene glycol, öoru glycerin or £ ■ pyrrolidone and water as

009827/1826

44886

e testsia

üiepliöfee Fasse eattealfeea ^ who Z ⁹ Siί5ώ "ί ?, ?? @ nn Esaa cla® fessel ⁵ isielit ö

lzass ils SssAgis f feS © l! Ä

p ^ si. Γ? -

u? Q O

"iQi / giJGÜyüaiS iiäeLti? c © ILGä ^ äi?

rl? a3 @ cms

GEa above

mm

f JP »4

as Katsriai tier kontinulerllcliea Ph & ss * so the egg ¹ temperature in eia # n Bilhrlcesssl gage-. slow circulation # ηύ? ^ Paöil ^ lrüliPsr ver Ife ^ S. icy «: Since tiesn sas vcaiiash became out

oF siygiseiat. In ^ m case

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read

-a * · '- * T der

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the ^ iilgat ^ rea -alt

listed »ύί # for

27/1921

^Tt "Span 8o" and Polyc ^ ethylene-Borbitanmonopalmitat "Tween 4o" and Polyox ^ Thylen-sorbitan "Tween 80 is the individual Emulgatorenmlsohungen had the following composition.:

Emulsifier A: 37 # Span 80, 6yf> Tween 80, HLB value: 11 Emulsifier B: 28jS Span 80, 12% Tween 80, HLB value: 12 Emulsifier C: 195 ^ Span 80 «8lji Tween 80, HLB value : IJ Emfilgator D: 68jC Tween 4O ₉ 32+ Span 80, HLB value: 12

.20-

009827/1825

Composition in Qe *. $

Nozzle
Trcdfestoff Formamide Emulsifier (A) 97 1.5 1.5 (B) 97 1.5 1.5 (C) 97 1.5 1.5 (A)
(D) O
O
IO
m
to
«J 96
97 2.0
1.5 2
1.5 • i.a. I. / $ 182

Table I. properties Test II separation Stability VoIJi 0 Test III Test I. 0 0 Resilience
in dynes / cm ² 2.0 0 0 1725 1.5 0 0 2000 2.0 0 0 2500 2.0 0 27OO 0.5 2500

of"

Is

_e f§

GiteS? rUfflifC

el, S Qiao ss

sjfofl

t i7 © a iS

le © E & oa ^ eiE

^ @ tags

eaaoto

i: ® £ ®pi «l 1

1844886

fuel JP «4, I ^ Oew ^ formamide and 1.5 Qew.j6 poly-

t> xyäthylen © ls5lEfei; 3? (10 moles of ethylene per mole of oil syl alcohol) silo a HtB-Wsr ^ yen 12.4 + 1 made. Disee emulsion

■ ß? Vste a bite of 3000 r ^ a / snr * bites

"'M3j ^?;; ~''ir; i ^r j * ir

, ';. ⁷ I iif ^ L "_ * 4.f '~« ρ- --si. "Xi i ^ ktti: ^ mm & i

iepisl 2 "uni * £ rlrti B" l * i§nen wife

sine "solid amide mis ieentinuidrllohe mid 1.5 0qm _s ^ des SBsul ^ tore B vsfif # ad" t.

Bie kü £ ititfui @ f * li € uie ? H & m the first Bmulsiäii bed & nd

iaiuf 53Ji SKanistaff, uit der swai ^ m Ssulslon

844886

from 855f formamide and 15 # laimstoff and dl * the emulsion from 50 # formamide islü $ 0 $ Oxamide Di © obtained strength values in Dyn / ear were 1850 to 2000 and / or 50Q. All three emulsions showed no separation in the stability test II and III, while after a stability test carried out three times 6 levels 1 @ i & e separation ▼ on less than 1.0 in the first emulsion uM of 0.5 -

; ~ sn

the second emulsion obtained

Example 7

Eb 6 were three emulsions .orge ^ ^ .tellt, the first being a mixture of 30 $ Xthylenglyccl w * l% formamide TO ", the second a mixture of glycerol 5OJi vm <k TO% formamide, and the third according to the method of Example genäfl only from formamide as continuous Ph & ss snthi ^ lit Wim Sigansohaften

of these emulsions Nos. 1-3, ^

Tabel: Table 2 characteristic Load capacity in dynes / cm ²

Separation in % according to stability test I.

Corrosion of copper after 3 hours at 100 ^° C. of bronze at 55 ⁰ C

eas

following

emulsion Mr. 3 number 1 No. 2 2000 1350 1250 1.0 5.0 5.0 J-IO J-3 J-3 mild no koisie

009827 / J828

Example 8

When preparing emulsions with glycols and using lauryl alcohol instead of water, in several attempts each 97 # jet fuel JP-4, 1.5% by weight of a glyool and 0.5% by weight of lauryl alcohol and either 1.5% by weight of ammonium lauryl sulphate or diethanolary lauryl sulphate used as an emulsifier «Der Laurylalkohol was added to the jet fuel while the emulsifier was added to the continuous glycol phase. Subsequently, the jet fuel contained in alcohol the continuous phase together with the emulsifier is added in a stirred vessel until the entire hydrocarbon mixture has been added had been added. The emulsions were viscous and stable and had an opaque to blue-transparent appearance * see. The load capacity was for propylene glycol and

Use of dethanolamine lauryl sulfate 2000 dynes / cm or when using ammonium lauryl sulphate, 1800 dynes / cm. When using ethylene glycol and diethanolamine lauryl sulfate

the load capacity was 2600 dynes / cm, while with

ο ammonium laurel sulfate was 2000 dynes / cm.

Example 9

Six emulsions were made with In each Case as a continuous phase a mixture of one polar organic liquid and water.

'00982 ^ / 1825

The individual emulsions had the following composition:

Emulsion No. 1 - 68 £ Nfff-iimetiisftaeetaioid, Emulsion No. 2 - $ 7 £ Foneeiaid «43Jß Hasser Mr. 3-70 ^ QXymrin » 3Cg? water

No. 4 -

No. 5 -

and C as well as a Bmulgater'S »Sies ^ slitnd ens lg0% sa 80

SO and 9 t 5 % Spsss § @ _d ^ © Ki ^ M ^ t «,% f @ l @ lt @ fe @ Mcs a ms« Werfe k%

Γ ii5 Bsüilüion No.

Eiiäi®rli @ he phase and d @ r ^ ml ^ tor are te®l @ i © n No. 1 each 2.5 9®w _e | i ^ nd at äen.mndes ^ s

Mr. 2-5 each * Oew. ^. Al! «% & Ttlelonefi soap fe $ i d ·»

St & bilit & ftstesten XX and IXX no »Aktrpnnraig * for the load capacity in Ttyn / m and the Abtä * ®mtsig tmah test X results from the following table

Table 3 Resilience Emulsifier 1500 B. 1900 B. 3550 C. 1000 C. 1500 S _ 120 © "'~ P, / ■

Separation test I.

2 B 1900 7

2 C> 550 5

«Nd Wass®r

from

which are stable at -5% ® € noc'i. * where di @ teattnmierlieti © phase ^ Ith ^ lenglycol ued 35 to 51 * 5 Sew · ^

see no transmissions to one; Oil test carried out up to 5% ° C with threefold 16 StsMHSen cooling process. All partial ions were produced as in the previous examples. The compositions and the load capacity values are given in the following table. For these eoasulsions made with ethyl @ nglycol, an emulsifier with an HIiB value in the range of 12-14 is most useful

7 / 182S

Table 4

Composition in Oew «<

Jet fuel JP-4 Glycol / Wasaer Emulsifier load capacity in dynes / cm

48.5 β- ethylene glycol, 65 % ethylene glycol,

5 Ca) 5 CDs)

97 96 96

1.5 (a) 2 (2) 2 (b)

1.5 (d) 1.5 (e) 2 (d)

1000 1200 I5OO

$> Water water % water

97 Cc) i 1.5 (f) IO 1.5 1000

52.5 % Xttarlenklyeol, 19 % Span 80, 81 t Twee- ö0 9% Span 80, 91% Twee- 3®

28p Span 60 (Sorbitamt.::; & Rat), 72 ^ Tween 60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-

stearate)

28 .- ■ ■

Beta pjLel 11,

The following example shows the effect of added ... water, which is added to the emulsion once after 50 % of the dispersed phase has been achieved and, on the other hand, when the water is premixed with the XthyXenglyool and the latter is used as a continuous phase. The emulsifier was added to the jet fuel and the mixture was then added to the continuous phase in a RUhrkeesel. In one case the water was premixed with the ethylene glycol and in the other case the water was only added after 50 pounds of the dispersing phase had been obtained.

It was ι worked with 97 wt. £ jet fuel, 0.68 Qem.% Ethylene glycol and 0.82 Qew _o ^ water as iSoulgatop was 80 and 1J21 Oew.jt used Tween 80 0.29 Gew.Ji chip. If the water was previously drained with glycol, the load capacity was 1000 dynes / em ² , and with the addition of iron water r & ch 30 years dispersion the load capacity was 1200 dps / ess ² . The StabilitKtsiahtereuoteunsea that with a treatment according to dta test III b # l on the mixed preparation after 4 Moch «n and Wi dt» clear prad ^ t see after 2 weeks k @ i £ the Trsfutung with at the Stafeilitltst® © t ti " Which was fei"

08 ^ 27/1826

Periods, no partitions »Hur in the stability test I, which was carried out with six 6 ~ st0ndlgesi periods at 54 ⁰ C, were found in the premixed product Afo & iffchnungen of IG" 15 and in which later added product 5% deposits ·

Di @@ e values show that emulsions with a VorgeasSgeh ■ of glycol and water have something 'g@r.lsig$re Beiastbag ° fe # l & s.werte Video- and somewhat more stable than Baulsionen ^ ύ ± ® toerge-:

were created by Zus & te ^ @ n tessser according to Binmtm® of emulsifiers

Example 12

An additional Emulsicin @ n manufactured »wherein the accounts" nuierllche phase either Ithylesiglycol, glycerol or 2-Pyrrolld © n was used * further comprising as emulsifier a! Combination of Span 80, Triton X-100 and Triton X-405 used miras * it was entspres ^ end the water gugegeben emt example 1 as $ ϋβ the dlspergierten phase has been achieved · the Zusaunenset the various Benilsionen and their BlgeneeSiaft are ^ ung 's specified in the following table

Table 5 Weight B. • _c_ D. Beatand part A. 1.20 - -. Ethylene glycol 1.20 - 1.91 "- Propylene glycol -, - • 1.0 Glycerin - - 0.80 1.09 1.0 2-pyrrolidone - 0.19 0.19 0.19 water 0.80 0.275 0.275 0.275 Chip 80 0.19 0.555 0.555 0.555 Triton X »4O5 0.275 97.0 97.0 97.0 Txiton Χ-10Θ 0.555 ii mmtaften ' 97.0

2000 2P.QD ~ 260 ©

It Mi f
⁹ Q 16 hours

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0, ©

'Understand HtB values see with an error » of plus or minus i of the given values.

Zuaeunmenfftseend can thus be stated "that * the invention & een Bmileionen in a temperature range of -50 to +55 ⁰ C are stable and in some cases Nooh" 55 ° C are stable, and ANMR mindeetens 50 days at

009827/1825

sms l

oiit

Room temperature · Die - I @ sssi§t @ siE & MS "that they get through

pumped

are viscous »around a seteelle® Holes or

st® ££ tankee to prevent » BwJLsiQEisii. also hang in b @ trsff @ ad © Egg surface. Io general @ ii @ & SäQa Polyethylene, cd © r polypropylene do not benefit from these emulsions,

from such surfaces through frictionless

Most other surfaces, such as metal, % Rm @ d © r ^j Csqfpo2.2jm@ri8a.te te®rd @ n vösi ά®η Samlslonen wetted, s © that the 'Fließv @ rha, It @ ^ (ims v @ u S © ^ si @ ipfett or mayonnaise corresponds. Bsi ters with a non-wetted £ © n € i @ 2t low overpressure to bring the emulsified into a feed pump «

as fuel for everyone a fuel f © lsi®prifcssy © fö © as extremely effectiveeasra®

more than 1

not

use

workstι

can you old

fif

009827/1821

Plug-in tools can also use these new fuels for Military vehicles »Ships, racing cars * Diesel engines, as a safety fuel, as heating oil and as a fuel supply for household purposes or in life-saving equipment in lifeboats (e.g. for water distillation), furthermore as Safety solvent, for chemical cleaning, in the household E.g. to be used as a wallpaper cleaner · If nan a Highly flammable material such as, for example, very heavy gasoline or naphtha, according to the invention, can be emulsified

then transport this product in tankers and that De-emulsify material at the place of destination and thus the Reduce security risk. If you put the emulsion in front of you must leave for the final mission, so this can by strong shear stress, by adding excess, non-emulsified, liquid hydrocarbon. or through Acetone, methanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like are added.

Ue: mU

009827/1825

Claims (1)

1. Stable hydrocarbon emulsion with a shear strength of 800 to 3500 dynes / cm, characterized in that it consists of a disperse phase of 75 to 99 wt. £ of a liquid hydrocarbon boiling in the range from 21 to 40O ⁰ C and 0.5 Contains up to 20 Gew.Ji of a polar organic liquid as a continuous phase, which is immiscible with the hydrocarbon and has a dielectric constant of more than 25 and a solubility value of more than 10 and that 0.5 to 10 Gew. ^ of an organic emulsifier are present * 2. Emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that »it contains formamide as the polar liquid. 5. Emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the polar liquid DAFL a liquid mixture of 50 to ■■ - ■■ '. -2- 009827/1825 85 GeWoji formamide and 15 to 50 weight "SI>" of a solid amide with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, 2 amino groups and zero to 2 Iraino groups 1st » 4a emulsion according to claim 1 »characterized in that the polar liquid is a mixture of 70 to 95% ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerine and 5 to 30% urea, 5 «emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the polar liquid is a mixture of 50 to 85 wt. Formamide and 15 to 50 percent by weight of urea is ο 6 «emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the polar liquid is a mixture of 50 to 85 wt Formamide and 15 to 50% by weight of oxamide is " 7. Emulsion according to claim 1 to 6 »characterized in that daJ it contains 0 to 0.7% by weight of water based on the total weight of the emulsion. 8ο emulsion according to claim 1 to 7 # characterized that the hydrocarbon is a jet fuel » 009827/1826 The emulsion of claim 1 his 8, characterized in that the emulsifier is partially a nonionic emulsifier is at least ₀ 10. Emulsion according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that « that the emulsifier has an HLB value in the range from 11 to 16 hatc Ho emulsion characterized by Claims 1 to 10, "that the hydrocarbon content to 99 wt _o £ is 75 miles. 12ο Emulsion according to claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that it contains 0.5 to 2 weight percent of a non-ionic emulsifier with an HLB value of 11 to 14. Emulsion according to Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that that they have a resilience value in the range of 1400 until 2500 has. 14. Emulsion according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that it consists of 96 to 99 wt. $ Of a jet fuel, 0.5 to 3 wt. % Formamide and 0.5 to 2 wt.% Of an emulsifier with HLB values of 11 up to 16 " 009327/1826 15 «Emulsion according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that the continuous phase consists of a mixture of Consists of 30 to 60% by weight of water and 70 to 40% by weight of the organic liquid, 16. Emulsion according to claim 1 to 15 »characterized in that the organic liquid is ethylene glycol. 17. A method for _v for preparing an emulsion according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the emulsifier mixed with the hydrocarbon and then the resulting mixture in a stirred continuous Phase flow is added at a rate, relating to the presence of no more than about 1 $ of the non-emulsified hydrocarbon Time in the entire stirred wet and received Permits emulsion, whereby the agitation speed does not exceed a peripheral speed of 1.524 m / sec. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that ' that the emulsion is exposed to a shear rate which is not more than 10,000 seconds' 00 9827/182 - 3} 19o Use of an emulsion according to Ansasmcli 1 to 16 as a safety fuel. UetmU 009827/1825