DE1623354C3 - - Google Patents

Description

the direction of deviation is. The analysis of the output signal from the photocell is therefore comparative complicated and must be made with the help of more accurate and comparatively complicated filter devices will. Such filter devices always cause a considerable delay, as a result of which the determination of the deviation of the object from the line of sight is slow, i.e. that the distance from the arrangement at a given moment

to create the aforementioned type, which enables the determination of the direction or angular position of the deviation of the Allows missile from the line of sight in a simple and reliable manner.

This object is achieved in that the radiation pattern of the radiation beam is rotationally asymmetrical around a center coinciding with the axis of the radiation beam and geometrically

In the embodiment, the deviation of the object from the line of sight in two mutually perpendicular Allows directions, it is provided that the pattern geometry continues a third and fourth 5 radial direction, starting from the center of the; Pattern, which defines an angle of; 180 ° and enclose an angle of 90 ° in the pattern with respect to the first and second directions, and that there is a second timing device

The given information is the deviation of the ^ object to which the output signal of the photosensitivity of the finish line in a long or short past facility and which acts during a The time indicated or the average nutation cycle the difference between the time deviation of the object during a certain interval from the moment the third past period. Furthermore, the direction of the pattern is well known to the photosensitive device Arrangements not possible, also the 15 direction is passed, at the moment in which the ' Distance between the object and the reference fourth direction of the pattern the photosensitive · point to be determined. Device, as well as the time interval between

The object of the present invention is to see the last mentioned moment and the Arrangement for determining the deviation of a moment in which the third direction of the mu-object compared to one of one of the objects again removed the photosensitive device Reference point outgoing line of sight that streaks in, determined and one proportional to this difference Output signal generated. This output signal from the second timing device is directly proportional the deviation of the object from the line of sight in a direction perpendicular to the third and fourth Direction of the pattern.

In another embodiment through which it is possible to determine the deviation of the object from the Line of sight in two mutually perpendicular

is constructed such that there is at least a first one of the 30 directions, for example azimuth and elevation pattern center outgoing radial direction and direction, it is provided that the Geoeine second, with the first radial direction, a symmetry of the pattern, also one from the center of the muscle defines radial direction enclosing 180 °, sters outgoing third radial direction defines the and that the signal evaluation arrangement in the object with the first and the second direction of the pattern contains a first timing device which forms an angle of 90 ° during each 35, and that one of a nutation cycle of the radiation beam the Dif- second time measuring device is available to which the distance between the time interval from the instant, output signal of the photosensitive device in which the first radial direction of the radiation acts and that during a nutation cycle pattern passes the radiation receiver, up to the difference between the time interval of the the moment in which the second radial direction 40 moment in which the first direction the fotodes Radiation pattern on the radiation receiver pre-sensitive device sweeps over, up to the and the time interval from the last-mentioned moment in which the third direction of the Moment to the moment at which the pattern overrides the photosensitive device Radial direction of the radiation pattern again and the time interval from the last mentioned Radiation receiver passes by, determines and detects 45 th moment to the moment in an output proportional to this time difference, to which the second direction of the pattern the photo signal generated. delicate furnishings, and a

The deviation of the object can either produce a mere difference proportional output signal, borrowed in one direction, for example in azimuth This output signal of the second timing device or height direction, or in two to each other 50 direction is then directly proportional to the deviation perpendicular directions are determined, for example, the object is perpendicular to the line of sight in a direction be in the azimuth direction and in the right to the third direction of the pattern. Height direction. The object can be stationary or moving. The different directions in the image of the

be movable and can, for example, from a ship, pattern that is generated by the light beam The ground vehicle or a flying object is defined or pending in the geometry of the pattern, for example an airplane, an interpretation, either by the fact that the pattern shot or a missile. When the subject is movable border lines between dark and light areas is, which includes the arrangement according to the invention, which coincide with the directions obtained information about the deviation of the ob or that narrow light sectors entjekts in the pattern from the line of sight to the steering or controller 60, which are radially from the center of the pattern of the object either manually or automatically in these directions. In the first case, it was It can be used in such a way that the object changes between the various time intervals mentioned will follow the line of sight. The point of reference, the moments in which the watch is measured from which the line of sight originates can be stationary or border lines between light and dark areas be movably arranged. In a preferred 65 of the pattern, the photosensitive device over embodiment According to the invention, it is also possible to delete, while in the second case the time intervals the distance of the object from the reference point to be measured between moments, in determine. ■ which the center lines of the bright sectors of the

509 636/166

Pattern paint over the photosensitive device. The above time differences are direct proportional to the deviation of the object from the line of sight, more precisely: that from the reference point angles of deviation from the line of sight seen when the nutation angle, i.e. H. the angle between the line of sight and the central ray of the emitted, nutating light beam, remains constant. The projector device however, it can be inversely proportional with means for changing the nutation angle the distance between the reference point, d. H. the projector device, and the object in which case the time differences determined above are directly proportional to the linear deviation of the object from the line of sight, expressed in units of length.

Another embodiment is suitable for the simultaneous determination of the distance of the object from the reference point. Here, the output signal of the additional timing device that the Distance of the object from the reference point is proportional, in a corresponding manner to the first and are fed to the second timing device, which is only based on the output signal of the first photosensitive Facility react and determine the deviation of the object from the line of sight. These first and second timing devices are then able to generate outputs that are proportional the products of the time differences determined by these timing devices with the output signal of the additional timing device. These output quantities are then directly proportional to the linear ones Deviation of the object from the line of sight, expressed in units of length, when the angle of nutation is kept constant.

Further refinements of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The invention is described below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows schematically the overall arrangement according to the invention for determining the deviation a missile serving from a line of sight extending from a fixed point on the ground;

F i g. 2 shows the geometry of a pattern which is used to determine the deviation of the object in the azimuth direction from the line of sight and, if desired, at the same time the distance of the object from the reference point enables, and continues to show the interaction between the nutating image of the Pattern and photocells of the object;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the output signals of the FIG. 2 arranged photocells and the shows time intervals to be determined during a nutation cycle, which are used to determine the deviation of the object in the azimuth direction or the distance of the object;

F i g. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an arrangement for evaluation used in connection with an arrangement according to FIG. 2 to determine the azimuth deviation of the object from the line of sight can serve;

F i g. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a similar evaluation arrangement used in connection with the arrangement according to FIG. 2 to determine the azimuth deviation of the object and its distance can be used by the reference point;

F i g. 6 schematically illustrates the geometry of a pattern that is used to determine the azimuth deviation and the height deviation of an object can be used, and if desired also the Distance of the object from the reference point; it also shows the interaction between the pattern and the corresponding photocells attached to the object;

F i g. 7 is a diagram showing the output signals of the two photocells in the arrangement of FIG. 6th and shows the time intervals that are used to determine the azimuth deviation, the altitude deviation and the Distance of the object from the reference point to be measured;

F i g. 8 is a block diagram of a device for evaluation used in connection with the arrangement according to FIG. 6 to determine the. Azimuth deviation, altitude deviation and distance of the object can be used by the reference point;

so F i g. 9 illustrates the geometry of another Pattern that is used to determine the azimuth deviation, the altitude deviation and the distance of the object can be used by the reference point and that the interaction of the Shows the sample and the photocells provided on the object;

Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the output signals of the two photocells in the arrangement according to Figure 9 shows;

11 shows schematically and partially in section an advantageous projector device for a system according to the invention, and

Fig. 12 shows schematically and partially in section another advantageous projector device.

F i g. 1 shows in principle the general structure of the arrangement according to the invention for determination the deviation of a missile 1, d. H. of a flying object from a line of sight 2 that of a fixed reference point 3 on the ground. As mentioned above, the invention can also be used to determine serve the deviation of a land vehicle or a ship from a line of sight which is determined by an in Distance from the vehicle or ship is based on the reference point. The general structure the system according to the invention remains unaffected. Neither does the general structure the arrangement according to the invention influenced by whether the object is movable or not movable, whether only the azimuth deviation or only the height deviation of the object or both the azimuth deviation as well as the height deviation are to be determined.

The arrangement comprises a projector device indicated generally at 4 and at the reference point 3, directed in the line of sight 2, is arranged. The projector device emits a beam of light which executes a circular conical nutation around the line of sight 2 without rotation around its own axis and a has such a light distribution that it is at a distance substantially corresponding to the distance from the object Removal creates an image of a pattern composed of dark and light areas. For the sake of simplicity, FIG. 1 neither the light beam nor the image of the pattern. the The drawing, however, shows the conical surface 5, the nutation cone, along which the central ray of the The emitted light beam moves around line of sight 2. In planes perpendicular to line of sight 2,

the central ray of the bundle writes a circle 6, the center of which lies on the line of sight 2. Since the bundle of light does not rotate around its own axis, the image of the pattern produced performs a translatory circular movement in planes perpendicular to line of sight 2 with this as the center. The nutation angle, ie the angle between the conical surface 5 and the line of sight 2, is indicated by φ. The distance between the reference point 3 and the object 1 is indicated by L.

The arrangement according to the invention further comprises a photosensitive device 7 on the Object 1 facing the projector device 4 in such a way that it is covered by the bright areas of the Light beam is illuminated when these bright areas sweep the photosensitive device 7, which can be formed by a photocell. Furthermore, an evaluation arrangement is provided, which is indicated generally at 8 and which is connected to the output signals of the photocell 7 a ° and evaluates its output signal to determine the deviation of the object from the line of sight.

If the distance of the object from the reference point 3 is also to be determined, an additional, second photocell 9 is attached to the object 1 at a predetermined distance from the first photocell 7, as will be described in detail below. The output signal of this second photocell is also fed to the evaluation arrangement 8, which can determine the distance L between the object and the reference point from the output signals of both photocells 7 and 9.

Fig. 11 shows schematically and partly in section an advantageous projector device 4. This projector device comprises a light source 10, whose Light is collected by a condenser lens such that near the condenser an area is more uniform Illumination is achieved and that an image of the light emitting parts of the light source in the aperture of an objective lens 12 is generated. Within the zone of uniform illumination a stationary screen 13 is arranged at the condenser 11, which is divided into transparent and less or opaque areas forming the predetermined pattern of which an image is in the vicinity of the moving object is to be generated by means of the light beam. The lens focal length is of such a length that it produces a sharp image of the pattern on the screen 13 at a distance which corresponds essentially to the distance of the object, its distance from the line of sight should be determined.

The light beam with the pattern of the screen 13 is nutated around the optical axis 14 of the objective 12, the axis of which coincides with the line of sight 2, by means of a prism arrangement 15 between the screen 13 and the objective 12. This prism arrangement comprises two triangular prisms 16 and 17 which are arranged one behind the other on the optical axis in such a way that their refractive surfaces are parallel to one another. The prisms are held in rings 16 a and 17 a, which are axially displaceable in a tube or sleeve 18. The tube 18 can be rotated about the optical axis 14 by means of a motor 19 via a shaft 20 with a gear 21 and via the ring gear 22 on the tube 18. Are changed, the mutual distance between the two prisms 16 and 17 can by means of a motor 23 which rotates a screw 24 having two opposing threaded sections, the α with corresponding threaded bores in the rings 16 and 17a of the prisms 16 and 17 cooperate. The two triangular prisms 16 and 17 jointly deflect the central beam through the objective 12 in a direction parallel to the optical axis 14 of the objective such that the image of a point at a distance from the center of the screen 13 lies on the optical axis 14. Since the two prisms 16 and 17 are rotated about the optical axis by means of the tube 18, this point moves along a circle around the center of the screen, the radius of this circle depending on the deflection of the prisms. The image of the center of the screen is cast in a direction 25 which forms the nutation angle φ with the optical axis 14 and rotates about the optical axis 14 when the prism arrangement is rotated. The nutation angle can be changed by changing the axial distance between the two prisms 16 and 17 by means of the motor 23.

Between the screen 13 and the condenser 11 an additional prism arrangement is arranged, which is generally designated 15 a. This second prism arrangement is identical to the prism arrangement 15 described above. This additional prism arrangement 15 is not required for the nutation or changing the nutation angle, but has the advantage that smaller lenses can be used for the condenser 11 and the objective 12 without impairing the light intensity . This is due to the fact that when using two prism arrangements 15 and 15 α the central ray through the objective 12 is also a central ray through the condenser 11.

Since only those parts of the screen 13 need to be illuminated, of which the lens 12 during Nutation creates an image, the illuminance of these areas of the screen 13 can be increased when the nutation angle is decreased when the condenser 11 is made up of a lens system with variable focal length, which is in proportion to the decrease in the angle of nutation is changed.

FIG. 12 shows, in the same way as FIG. 11, a second advantageous embodiment of the projector device 4. This projector device is in principle exactly the same as the projector device according to FIG a flat parallel prism 26 with two mutually parallel and axially distant refractive surfaces are replaced, which form an oblique angle with the optical axis 14 of the objective. To change the nutation angle, the flat parallel prism 26 is arranged in the tube 18 such that it can be pivoted about an axis 27 which is perpendicular to the optical axis 14 and parallel to the refractive surfaces of the prism 26. The prism 26 can be rotated about the axis 27 are rotated by means of suitable devices not shown in the drawing in such a way that the nutation angle φ is changed in a manner similar to that in the case of the device according to FIG. 11.

If the projector devices according to FIGS. 11 and 12, which have been described above, in Connection with the arrangement according to the invention

tion are particularly advantageous, but any projector device which is able to nutate a conical around the line of sight and a Light beam forming a sample image of light and dark areas at a considerable distance from the projector to send out. Furthermore, it is in certain embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention it is not necessary that the nutation angle of the projector device can be changed. Furthermore you can the projector devices according to Fig. 11 and 12 can also be used to advantage in other applications and contexts if a Circular conical nutating light beam with a changeable nutation angle is to be emitted.

2 shows the geometry of a screen pattern which is advantageous in an arrangement according to the invention for determining the horizontal deviation, ie the azimuth deviation, of the object from the line of sight. Using this pattern, it is also possible to determine the distance L of the object from the reference point at the same time. F i g. Figure 2 illustrates the plane perpendicular to line of sight 2 containing the two photocells 7 and 9 of the object. Only the photocell 7 is used to determine the azimuth deviation of the object. This is shown in FIG. 2 is shown at a distance s from the line of sight 2, ie it is assumed that the object has a linear azimuth deviation s to the right with respect to the line of sight 2. The second photocell 9 is only used to determine the distance of the object. The photocell 9 is located at the same height as the photocell 7 and at a predetermined distance d therefrom. The line connecting the two photocells 7 and 9 is consequently horizontal in this case. F i g. 2 further shows the circle 6 around the line of sight 2 as the center point, along which the central ray of the nutating light beam moves. In the plane of FIG. 2 it is assumed that the light beam is limited to the area within the circle 28. In the. In the illustrated embodiment of the pattern that is generated by the light beam, there are a light area 29 and a dark area 30 (hatched). The center of the pattern which is believed to coincide with the central ray of the light beam is shown at 31. The light area 29 and the dark area 30 of the pattern are separated by a straight, vertical border line through the center point 31 of the pattern. This boundary line is intended to indicate or define a first radial direction R 1 from the center 31 of the pattern and a second radial direction R 2 from the center 31 of the pattern, the second radial direction being offset by 180 ° with respect to the first. The radius of the nutation circle 6 is denoted as r. The direction of nutation is assumed to be counterclockwise, so that the pattern image executes a circular translational movement in the counterclockwise direction about the line of sight 2 as the center, with the center 31 of the pattern moving along the circle 6. Finally, it is assumed that a nutation cycle begins when the center 31 of the pattern at point A is directly below line of sight 2. If the center 31 of the pattern is at point B , the nutation has passed through 90 °. Correspondingly, 180 ° of the nutation cycle have passed if the center 31 of the pattern is at point C, or 270 ° if the center 31 of the pattern is at point D.

After a full nutation cycle, the center 31 of the pattern returns at point A.

In Fig. 3, the curve K 7 illustrates the output signal of the photocell 7 during a nutation cycle. At the beginning of the nutation cycle, when the center 31 of the pattern is at point A , the photocell 7 is in the dark area 30 of the pattern image, as a result of which the output signal of the photocell is equal to zero. When the center 31 of the pattern reaches point £, the boundary line R 1 crosses the photocell 7, so that this is illuminated and generates an output signal. That moment is in FIG. 3 indicated at t _x. The photocell 7 then remains illuminated until the boundary line R 2 of the pattern overflows the photocell, which takes place at the moment t ₂ (FIG. 3), immediately before the center 31 of the pattern reaches point C of the circle 6. The photocell 7 then remains unlit until the border line jR 1 of the pattern passes over the photocell 7 again during the following nutation cycle, which occurs at the moment i ₃ (FIG. 3).

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the pattern image has moved away from point A over an angle α _{at instant J 1.} Hence:

sin α =

If the deviation 5 of the object from the line of sight is small compared to the length of the radius r of the nutation circle 6, the above relation (1) can be replaced by:

Since the nutation speed is constant, the following applies:

t, =

where Zc _{1 is} the constant nutation speed in angular units per unit of time. Hence:

This time J ₁ from the start of nutation is directly proportional to the azimuth deviation s of the object from the line of sight 2.

In a similar way it can be shown that the instant f ₂ is before the instant at which the center 31 of the pattern takes the position C by the time Ic ₁ SZr. The instant i ₃ is obviously determined in the same way as the instant ty

According to the invention, the difference between the time interval from the instant ij to the instant t ₂ and the time interval from the instant i ₂ to the instant i ₃ is determined or measured, ie the time difference:

/ Ii ₁ = (t ₂ - I ₁ ) - (f ₃ - t ₂ ).

Ib

From the above derivation and Fig. 3 it follows:

.If.

= -4Zc ₁ · -. r

(6)

That is the time difference Δ t _s between the length of the illuminated and non-illuminated periods of the photocell 7 during a nutation cycle, which is directly proportional to the azimuth deviation 2 of the object from the light line 2. The minus sign in equation (6) means that the deviation is directed to the right. If the object deviates to the left, the value of the quantity Δ t _{s changes} sign and becomes positive.

It is obvious that the value obtained in this way for the azimuth deviation of the object from the line of sight is in no way influenced by the vertical position of the object with respect to the line of sight. The border lines R 1 and R 2 of the pattern pass over the photocell 7 in the same moments regardless of the vertical position of the photocell, since these border lines run vertically and remain vertical during the circular translatory movement of the pattern around the line of sight 2.

Equation (6) reveals that the time difference Δ t _s depends not only on the azimuth deviation 5 · of the object, but also on the radius r of the nutation circle 6. The following applies to the radius r of the nutation circle (see Fig. 1):

(7)

Here, φ is the nutation angle and L is the distance of the object 1 from the reference point 3 from which the light beam emanates. Equation (6) is thus transformed

If ₅ = -4 A.

(8th)

The time difference φ t _s is in reality proportional to s / L, ie the angular deviation of the object from the line of sight 2, seen from the reference point 3, provided that the nutation angle φ is kept constant.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, however, the nutation angle φ can be changed by suitable devices of the projector device 4, as described for example with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, such that the nutation angle φ is inversely proportional to the distance L from the reference point 3 . Then, the time difference Δ t _s becomes directly proportional to the linear horizontal deviation s of the object from the line of sight 2, expressed in units of length.

F i g. 4 is a block diagram of a suitable evaluation arrangement 8 for the output signal of the photocell 7 for determining the time difference A t _s . This evaluation device contains a DC voltage integrator 31, the input terminals of which are supplied either with a positive voltage or a negative voltage of the same size from a voltage source 34 through two AND circuits 32 and 33. The output voltage of the integrator 31 can be through an electronic switch 35 a

Holding or storage circuit 36 are supplied, which can be equipped with suitable instruments for displaying the voltage value supplied by the integrator 31 and stored therein. Instead, the stored voltage can be fed from the storage circuit 36 to an automatic steering or control system for steering the object as a function of its azimuth deviation from the line of sight. The signal which is supplied to the electronic switch so that it closes and the voltage value of the integrator 31 is passed on to the memory circuit 36 is also supplied to the integrator 31 for resetting the integrator to the initial state or zero value. The two AND circuits 32 and 33 are controlled by a binary circuit 37 which in turn is controlled by the output signal of the photocell 7 and is arranged in such a way that it assumes the 1 state and generates a signal at its 1 output when it receives a signal from the photocell, that is, when the photocell is illuminated but is in the zero state and generates a signal at its O output when no signal is received by the photocell, that is, when the photocell is not illuminated. As the curve K 31 in FIG. 3 shows, the integrator 31 is supplied with a positive input voltage during the time interval I ₁ -I ₂ , while the integrator is supplied with a negative input voltage during the time interval t ₂ -t _s. The integrator 31 is reset when the integrated output voltage is passed on to the memory circuit 46, i.e. at the moment when the boundary line R 1 passes the photocell 7 , i.e. at times I ₁ and i ₃ , when the front edge of the output signal of the 1 -Output of the binary circuit 37 is differentiated in a differentiating circuit 38 and is fed to the integrator 31 for its resetting and the electronic switch 35 for its closure. The voltage value which is supplied by the integrator 31 to the memory circuit 36 after a nutation cycle consequently corresponds to the quantity Δ t _s (cf. equation 5) and thus represents the azimuth deviation of the object from the line of sight. Thus, only one nutation cycle is required to obtain a value for the azimuth deviation of the object, and a new value for the azimuth deviation of the object is supplied for each new nutation cycle.

As mentioned above, the second photocell 9 is not used for determining the deviation of the object from the line of sight, but only for determining the distance L of the object from the reference point 3, if this distance is unknown. The output signal of the second photocell 9 changes during a nutation period according to curve K9 in FIG. 3. The photocell is illuminated from time f ₄ to time f ₅ and unlit from the last-mentioned time to time i _{6 of} the following nutation cycle. The times / ₄ , ί ₅ , ί _β can be derived in the same way as the times t _v i ₂ and t _s . In curve K 9 , the positions of the pulse edges are designated in the same way as in curve K 7. According to the invention, during a nutation cycle, the time difference is determined between the moments in which the border line R 1 or the border line Rl of the pattern the photocells 7 and 9, ie the lengths of the time intervals J ₁

509536/166

up to ί ₄ and t _s up to Λ,
i

and t ₃ to f ₆ etc. The curve K 39 ii

_{4th s 3 6th}

in Fig. 3 shows these time intervals. Each of these intervals has the length

Ii, = L ■ -.

(9)

When equation (7) is used in the above equation (9), one obtains

Jr ₁ . = Zc ₁

(10)

is changed in such a direction that the difference is reduced. The comparison circuit 44 voltage supplied by integrator 39 obviously has the value:

Λ t _L =

φ L

(H)

In the comparison circuit 44, this voltage is compared with the constant voltage V _k , and the voltage V _{m of} the voltage source 34 is changed until the following condition is satisfied:

that is the length of the time interval Δ t _L , which is proportional to the reciprocal of the distance L of the object to the reference point 3, if the nutation angle φ is kept constant.

F i g. 5 is a block diagram of an evaluation unit for determining the azimuth deviation s of the object and the distance L of the object from the ao reference point in an arrangement according to FIG. 2. The evaluation unit of FIG. 5 corresponds completely to that according to FIG. 4, which was described above, insofar as the determination of the azimuth deviation of the object is concerned. In this case, however, the voltage source 34 is not a constant voltage source, but a source of variable voltage, the size of which can be changed as a function of a control signal that is fed to the voltage source. As will be described hereinafter, this enables a value for the azimuth linear deviation of the object to be obtained in terms of length units from the integrator 31 even if the nutation angle φ is kept constant. In addition to the components and devices that are already included in the evaluation unit according to FIG. 4 as described above, the evaluation unit according to FIG. 5 an additional integrator 39, to which the positive voltage from the variable voltage source 34 can be fed via an AND circuit 40. This AND circuit is controlled by an OR circuit 41, the inputs of which are connected to the 1 output of the binary circuit 37 and the 1 output of a binary circuit 42 which is controlled by the output signal of the photocell 9 in such a way that it is the Assumes the 1 state and generates a signal at its 1 output when a signal is received from the photocell 9, that is, when the photocell 9 is illuminated. The positive voltage V _m from the controlled voltage source 34 is consequently fed to the integrator 39 during the intervals indicated by the curve K 39 in FIG. At the end of each such interval, the voltage value of the integrator 39 is forwarded through an electronic switch 43 to a comparison circuit 44; at the same time the integrator 39 is reset. The resetting of the integrator 39 and the temporary closing of the electronic switch 43 is triggered by a signal from the differentiating circuit 45, which differentiates the trailing edge of the pulse from the OR circuit 41. In the comparison circuit 44, the voltage value obtained by the integrator 39 is compared with a constant voltage V _k , and any difference that may exist between these voltages causes a control signal which is fed from the comparison circuit 44 to the controlled voltage source 34, so that its output voltage in - v _t = 0.

This is the case when

V -

" Ψ

/ C ₁ · d

L = Zc ₂ L,

where Zc _{2 is} constant

k, =

(12)

(13)

(14)

The supply voltage V _m is consequently directly proportional to the distance L of the object 1 from the reference point 3 and can be fed to an instrument 46 for displaying this distance. Since the same supply voltage V _{m is used} for the integrator 31 which determines the azimuth deviation, the output voltage which is fed from the integrator 31 to the memory circuit 36 (cf. equation 8) is:

= -4 / c,

L =

4Zc ₁ Zc ₅

(15)

that is, the azimuth linear deviation s of the object from the line of sight is expressed directly in units of length.

Of course, a similar system can be used to determine the vertical deviation of the object from the line of sight, in which case, however, the boundary lines or directions R 1 and R 2 of the pattern must be horizontal and the photocells 7 and 9 must be vertically one above the other, even if the distance of the Object to be determined.

Furthermore, with an arrangement according to the invention it is obviously possible to determine both the azimuth deviation and the height deviation of the object if a pattern is used which defines or indicates two radial directions emanating from the center of the pattern alongside two horizontal directions. F i g. 6 illustrates in the same way as FIG. 2 such a pattern that can be used for the determination of the object deviation from the line of sight simultaneously in the azimuth direction and in the height direction. The same reference numerals are used as in FIG. 2. It is assumed that the photocell 7 of the object has a linear azimuth deviation s and a linear deviation

19 20

Height deviation h from the line of sight. The shape of the curve K9 according to FIG. 7, with the second photocell 9 being fitted immediately above the photocell front and rear pulse edges, the temporal cell 7 at a distance d therefrom. The positions t _v i ₆ , t _v I ₁ and i ₅ have, the pattern used in the curve K9 consists of three light sectors 47, s are recorded. The moment t _s is that in 48 and 49 which are separated by dark sectors (hatched) 5 which the border line R 3 of the pattern the photos are. The light sector 47 has passed a center cell 9, while at the moment t ₇ the other center angle of 90 ° and one of its border lines, the horizontal border line R 4 of the pattern runs vertically, so that it passes the vertical cell 9 upwards. According to the invention, the time-extending direction R 1 of the pattern is defined as the interval between the _{instants i 2} and Z ₆ , while the other boundary line of the io is correct, in which the boundary line R 3 defines the photocells 7 sector in a horizontal direction R 4 or and 9 happens in each case and continues to indicate the time interval from the center 31 of the pattern to between the moments t _i and Z ₇ , in which the right points. The other sectors 48 and 49 are the other horizontal border line R 4, the two photo narrowers and are arranged in such a way that one of the border cells 7 and 9 passes. Each of these time intervals line the sector 49 the vertical, from the center 31 15 has the value
of the pattern downward direction R 2 de-,,

while one boundary line of the other At _L = Zc ₁ · - = Zc ₁ ·, (18)

Sector 48 defines a horizontal direction R 3, ^r V ^
extending from the center 31 of the pattern to the left

extends. The two remaining boundary lines in FIG. 20, ie that the time difference Δ t _{L are} inversely proportional, bright sectors 48 and 49 have no tional to the distance L of the object from the reference function in the operation of the system. The location is point.

This last-mentioned border line is therefore of great importance should determine the above time differences to the total expenditure of emitted light is small, which the azimuth deviation s, the altitude and at the same time the light scattering by dust and liquid deviation h and the distance L to the reference particle in the air is reduced. However, they must be able to determine if the sectors should not be so narrow that the photocells can no longer be determined from which of the border lines R 1 to R 4 of the pattern. 3o a respective pulse edge originates. This will be

The output voltage of the photocell 7 varied by enabling the evaluation unit wähgemäß curve K of Fig. 7, wherein Z ₁ of the eyes of each nutation cycle is rend the number of pulse view in which the boundary line R counts 1 edges, the photo taken by a certain starting point cell 7 happens, Z _{2 is} the moment in which are received in the nutation cycle. To do this, the border line R 3 passes the photocell, Z ₃ of 35 but the evaluation unit must be able to detect a moment in which the border line R 2 passes the specific starting point for each nutation photocell, t _{i is} the moment in which to determine. According to the invention, this is because the border line R 4 passes the photocell and Z _{5 is} possible because the pattern is the moment in relation to its center in which the border line R i is the rotationally asymmetrical. The in Fig. 6 induced photocell happened again. These moments have 4 ° illustrated pattern is so far with respect to the g be in the curve K in F i. 7, center 31 rotationally asymmetrical, that the bright what can be shown in the same way as sector 47 is considerably wider than the bright sectors above with reference to FIG. 2 described 48 and 49. As a result, the light sector 47 produces a blur. considerably longer pulse in the output signal of the

According to the invention, the difference between the 45 photocell 7 is called the two narrow sectors 48

Time intervals Z ₁ to t ₃ and Z ₃ to Z ₅ determined, ie and 49. By measuring the length of the pulses im

The output signal of the photocell 7 can

At _s = (i ₃ - ti) - (t _s - f ₃ ) = -4 / c, · -. unit determine when the longer pulse

^{r appears} from the larger sector 47 and thus

(16) 50 determine that, for example, the end of this län-. ". .... . higher impulse, i.e. the moment Z ₁ , the start

The time difference Δ t _s is consequently proportional to the _{point of the} nutation cycle from which the

Azimuth deviation of the object from the line of sight, the evaluation unit then counts _{the number of detection- expressed in the th} i mpu lskanten seen from the reference point 3. It goes without saying that on deviation angle _{55 the pattern according to} FIG. ₂₎ which was discussed previously,

Furthermore, the time difference between the m 31 is asymmetrical _{about its center.}

Intervals Z ₂ to Z ₄ and from Z ₄ to the one in _{FIG. 8 is the} block image of an evaluation unit, following nutation cycle at the moment t, either _in connection with the pattern according to FIG. 6 at the moment of the discussion, it is determined that this is the diffe- rence _that can be used. This evaluation unit has

^renz: 60 basically the same structure as the previously

\ t _h - (f ₄ - .t ₂ ) - (2, -r / c, - Z ₂ - r ₄ ) = - 4Zc ₁ · -. Written evaluation unit according to FIG. 5 with the

^r Exception that the evaluation unit according to

(17) Fig. 8 is constructed in such a way that it determines the azimuth deviation. This time difference Δ t _h is consequently proportional to

the height deviation Λ of the object from view 65 and that the timing devices line 2, expressed in the pulse counter from reference point 3 instead of voltage integrators

see angle of deviation. exist.

The output signal of the second photocell 9 has the evaluation unit according to FIG. 8 includes one

21 22

First pulse counter 50 driven to determine the azimuthal impulses, whereby the counter shows its deviation, a second pulse counter 51 for the 2 position at the moment / ₂ , its 5 position in the mood of the altitude deviation and a third moment t ₃ , its 6 Position at moment i ₄ and pulse counter 58 to determine the distance back to its 1 position at moment i ₅ , etc. between the object and the reference point. The 5 increases. The 1-output and the 5-output of the zyden pulse counters 50 and 51 are of a type, small counters 59 are with the gate circuits 53 which can count both up and down and 54 on the input side of the counter 50; Each counter has a first input (+) for tied, generating pulses from the generator 55 pulses that are counted up, and one to the counter 50 for counting up during the second input (-) for pulses that go down io time intervals t _x to f _{3 are} supplied while counting. The pulse counter 52, however, can only count up the counter pulses for counting down during the. The counter 50 is supplied with pulses at a time interval from t ₃ to i ₅ , as is indicated by a pulse generator 55 with a variable pulse frequency for upward or downward counting from an Im- schematically by curve K 50 in FIG. At the moment t _x (corresponding to t ₅ ) two AND circuits 53 and 54 are supplied. In the 15 rend of each nutation cycle, the counter 50 contains the same way pulses from the pulse - consequently a counting result:
generator 55, the counter 51 for upward or _s
Down counting via two AND circuits 56 and At _x -F _n , - -Ik ₁ -F _n , (19)
57 supplied. Pulses from the generator 55 can

the counter 52 for counting up via an AND 20 where F _{m is} the frequency of the pulse generator 55.

Circuit 58 are supplied. The gate connections This counting result is therefore proportional to the azimuth

53, 54, 56 and 57 are controlled by signals courtesy deviation s of the object and is from the counter

a cyclical counter 59, which is connected to a counter 65 from the output 50 via a temporarily closed

signals of the photocell 7 is controlled and fed to the electronic switch 66 to sen. Equal-

SIX can count and then back to ONE- 35 time the counter 50 is reset,

returns. The output signal of the photocell 7 is the resetting of the counter 50 and the closing

Binary circuit 60 supplied, which the 1-state including the electronic switch 66 are brought about

takes and generates a signal at the 1 output, if by the synthronization pulse of the gate circuit

it receives an input signal from the photocell 7, 63, whereby the synchronization pulse in the eye

that is, when the photocell is illuminated, while 30 look i _x appears during each nutation cycle. the

it adopts its 0 state and a signal at its gate circuits 56 and 57 is

0 output generated if there is no signal from the photo output or the 6 output of the cyclic counter 59

cell 7 is received, d. that is, when the photocell is not controlled, which sends pulses to the counter 51

is lit. The outputs of the binary circuit 60 are counting up during the time interval t ₂ to f ₄

are supplied in a corresponding manner with differentiating circuits 61 35, while the counter pulses to

and 62, which is the leading edge of the down counting during the time interval from i ₄ to

output signal of the binary circuit 60 differentiate to the eye corresponding _{to the moment i 2}

and consequently generate a short pulse when the view of the following nutation cycle is applied

Binary circuit 60 changes its state, that is, as indicated by K 51 in FIG. 7 is indicated.

each pulse edge of the output signal of the photo 40 At instant t ₂ during each nutation cycle

cell 7. The output pulses of the differentiating switch- the counter 51 thus contains a counting result:
lines 61 and 62 are used as step pulses

cyclic counter 59 supplied. During every Nu- At-F - -dk '- F nn \

tation cycle will continue to be a synchronization ^a h 'r _m - 4K ₁ ^ · t ". UUJ

signal fed to the cyclic counter 59. This 45

The synchronization signal resets the counter to its. This counting result is consequently proportional to the 1 position, if it should be in any other height deviation h of the object and will be in the eye position. This synchronization view i ₂ is supplied to a counter 67 by a temporary signal generated by an AND circuit 63, closed electronic switch 68, which at its one input from the pulses of the 50. At the same time, the counter 51 is reset. The differentiating circuits 61 and 62 are controlled and resetting of the counter 51 and the closing of the electronic switch 68 at the other input of the output signal are effected by a pulse length detector circuit 64, which the one signal from the differentiating circuit 69, which the output signal of the 1 output of the Binary circuit leading edge of the output signal of the 2 output of the 60 is fed. The pulse length detection circuit 55 of the cyclic counter 59 differentiates. This front 64 generates an output signal when a pulse with an edge appears at the moment i ₂ during each cycle of exceeding a predetermined minimum length (cf. FIG. 7).

the length appears at the input of the circuit. The gate circuit 58 is arranged by an OR switch circuit 64 so that it only controls a device 70 which generates the bi output signal from the 1 outputs when it is connected to the longer primary circuit 60 and the binary circuit 71 controlled pulse in the output signal of the photocell 7 is fed. The binary circuit 71 is by the photocell 9, of the Mu controlled by the large bright sector 47 in such a manner that they its 1 state one ester derived (see FIG. Curve K in Fig. 7). As a result, if a signal is received from the photocell 9 and a signal is generated at its 1 output, the cyclic counter 59 receives a synchronization signal to reset the counter to its 65, ie when the photocell is illuminated. As a result, the generator 55 supplies pulses to the counter 52 at the time t _{t during each nutation cycle.} Thereafter, the counter is supplied by the differentiating circuits 61 and 62 during each nutation cycle during the time intervals t ₂ to t _e and t ₇ to t _{A, as shown in the diagram.}

table is indicated by curve # 52 in FIG. After each of these intervals the counter 52 contains a counting result:

(21)

Lines between light and dark areas of the pattern are defined or indicated with these Directions coincide. The different directions of the pattern can, however, also be thereby indicated or defined that the pattern is narrow starting from the center of the pattern includes bright sectors, which are arranged so that the center lines of these sectors with the predetermined Directions of the pattern coincide. In the-

The counting result is entered into a comparator 72
through a temporarily closed electronic
Switch 73 transferred. At the same time, the counter in this case can reset the various 52 to be determined. The resetting of the counter and time intervals instead of the pulse edges in the closing of the switch 73 are effected by an output signal of the photocells of the pulse with signal from a differentiating circuit 74, which can easily be measured by suitable insertion of the trailing edge of the output pulse of the OR- directions in the evaluation unit determined circuit 70 differentiated. A fixed, predetermined 15 can be, in particular, since the pulses in the number B _k is also the comparator 72 of a case very short. When determining the facility- .75 supplied. The comparator 72 ver deviation of the object from the line of sight both equals the two numbers supplied to it and, in the azimuth and height directions, it is also generated, if a difference between the two numbers is not required, four different directions are present, a control signal for the pulse generation to define or indicate the pattern, like the rator 55. On the basis of this control signal, the directions R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4 in the pattern

F i g. 6, but it is completely sufficient to indicate only three of these directions.

F i g. 9 shows in a manner similar to FIG. 2 and 6 a pattern for determining the azimuth deviation and the height deviation of an object, in this pattern only three radial directions R 2, R 3 and R 4 starting from the center 31 of the

In this way, the frequency F _{m of} the Im pattern is automatically indicated by three sdhmale light sectors 77, 78 and pulse generator 55 at the value of 30 79, the center lines of which are

The pulse frequency of the pulse generator 55 is changed in such a manner that the following equation is satisfied will:

(22)

keep:

Zc ₁ d

lines R 2, R 3 and R 4 coincide. The others in Fig. The reference numerals used in 9 correspond to (23) those shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 were used.

This pattern is also rotationally asymmetrical with respect to its center point 31, so that the evaluation unit can determine the different impulses and the starting point of each nutation cycle can determine. This pattern is particularly advantageous in that it is

that is, the pulse frequency F _{m of} the generator 55
is proportional to the distance L of the object from the reference point. The output signal of the pulse generator 55 is fed to a pulse frequency measuring device 56 which indicates the distance L of the object from the loading point with a very low total content of light traction point. Because the output signal of the pulse can be generated.

generator 55 with the pulse frequency F _m also the The output signal of the photocell 7 varies as

Counters 50 and 51 are supplied, represented by curve Kl in Fig. 10, in which the counting results obtained from these counters 50 I _{1 is} the instant in which the direction R 3 and 51 are transferred to counters 65 and 67, respectively 45 that is, the center line of the bright sector 79, the photo, obviously the linear deviation passes in cell 7, while t _{2 is} the moment in azimuth or height direction of the object from which the direction R 2 passes the photocell 7 line of sight 2, namely in units of length and / _{3 is} the moment in which the direction pushes. When the azimuth and height deviation R 4 passes the photocell 7. These moments have seen the object in angular units from the level 50 to the curve K 7 in FIG. If this pattern is used, the differential with constant frequency is used to feed the impedance between the time interval from t _t to f ₃ and pulse counters 50 and 51. the time interval from i _a to the moment of the fol-

Understandably, an evaluation unit can determine the nutation cycle, which the eye can use to analyze the output signals of the. Photocells 7 55 look t _t . This time difference has the value: and 9 for an arrangement according to FIG. 6 and 7 as well from voltage integrators in a similar manner
like the evaluation units according to FIG. 4 and 5
be constructed and the evaluation units for evaluating and analyzing the output 60
signals from photocells 7 and 9 in one arrangement
■ according to FIG. 2 be constructed with pulse counters.
Of course, it is also possible to use any other suitable timing device.

In the embodiments of the invention described above, the pattern has such a geometry that the different radial directions starting from the center of the pattern are defined by

(24)

It is therefore proportional to the height deviation Λ of the object. Furthermore, the difference between the time interval t _t to t ₂ and the time interval t ₂ to t _{s is} determined. This difference has the value:

= -2 * i f.

(25)

509536/166

So it is proportional to the azimuth deviation of the object. The two time differences A t 1 and Δ t _s can be determined with the aid of measuring devices which contain voltage integrators or pulse counters, that is to say in the same way as described above with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 8. However, the integrator or pulse counter that determines the azimuth deviation of the object must be fed with a supply voltage or pulse frequency that is twice as large as the supply voltage or pulse frequency that is fed to the voltage integrator or pulse counter that determines the height deviation of the object.

The output signal of the second photocell 9 behaves according to curve K 9 in FIG. 10, in which Z _{1 is} the instant in which the direction R 3 passes the photocell 9, i _{4 is} the instant in which the direction R 2 passes the photocell 9 happened

and f _{s is} the instant at which the direction R 4 of the pattern passes the photocell 9. To determine the distance from the object to the reference point 3, the time interval Z ₄ to t _{2 is} determined, that is the time interval between the moments in which the direction R 2 in the pattern passes the photocells 7 and 9. This time interval has the value:

(26)

It is therefore inversely proportional to the distance L from the object to the reference point, just as in the exemplary embodiments of the invention described above. This time interval can therefore also be analyzed in the manner described above and used to determine the value of the distance L from the object.

In addition 5 sheets of drawings

Claims (22)

Lb Z 5 5 b claims: 1. Arrangement for determining the deviation of an object in relation to a line of sight emanating from a reference point remote from the object, especially for Lcitstrahlsteuercrimg a missile, with a radiation transmitter arranged in the reference point for emitting a radiation along the circumference of a circular cone around the line of sight, but around its own axis non-rotating radiation beam, which in cross section images a predetermined radiation pattern composed of radiating and non-radiating areas, and a receiving device provided in the object, which has at least one first radiation receiver for generating output signals that are modulated depending on the movement of the radiating and non-radiating areas of the radiation pattern of the radiation beam and contains a signal evaluation arrangement for these output signals, characterized in that the radiation pattern of the radiation beam is rotationally asymmetrical about one with the axis of the Radiation bundle coinciding center (31) and is geometrically constructed in such a way that it defines at least a first radial direction (R 1) starting from the pattern center (31) and a second radial direction (R 2) enclosing an angle of 180 ° with the first radial direction, and that the signal evaluation arrangement (8) in the object (1) contains a first time measuring device (31, 32, 33) which, during a nutation cycle of the radiation beam, calculates the difference between the time interval from the moment (I ₁ ) in which the first radial direction (R 1 ) of the radiation pattern passes the radiation receiver (7) until the moment (t. ₂ ), in which the second radial direction (R 2) of the radiation pattern passes the radiation receiver (7), and the time interval from the last mentioned moment (r ₂ ) to the moment (/ ₃ ) in which the first radial direction (R 1) of the radiation pattern passes the radiation receiver (7) again, is determined and an output signal proportional to this time difference (A f _{s) is generated.} 2. Arrangement according to claim 1 for determining the deviation of the object from the line of sight in two mutually perpendicular directions, characterized in that the radiation pattern of the radiation beam is geometrically constructed in such a way that there is also a third and fourth radial direction starting from the pattern center (3) (R 3 and R 4), which form an angle of 180 ° with one another and an angle of 90 ° with respect to the first or second radial direction (R 1, R 2) , and that the signal evaluation arrangement (8) in the object (1) additionally contains a second time measuring device (51, 56, 57) on which the output signal of the radiation receiver (7) acts and which, during a nutation cycle of the radiation beam, determines the difference between the time interval from the ⁶ ½ moment (/ ₂ ) in which the third radial direction of the radiation pattern passes the radiation receiver (7) until the moment (J ₁ ) at which the fourth wheel direction of the radiation pattern sters passes the radiation receiver (7), and determines the time interval from the last-mentioned AiIgCHbIiCk (Z ₁ ) to the moment in which the third radial direction of the radiation inusier again passes the radiation receiver (7), and one of this time difference (, I / ,,) proportional output signal generated. 3. Arrangement according to claim 1 for determining the deviation of the object from the line of sight in two mutually perpendicular directions, characterized in that the radiation pattern of the radiation beam is geometrically constructed in such a way that there is also a third radial direction (R2) emanating from the pattern center (31) in Fig. 9), which ' forms an angle of 90 ° with the first and the second radial direction (R 3 and R 4 in Fig. 9) in the radiation pattern, and that the signal evaluation arrangement (8) in the object (1 ) additionally contains a second time measuring device on which the output signal of the radiation receiver (7) acts and which, during a nutation cycle of the radiation beam, determines the difference between the time interval from the moment (/,) in which the first radial direction (R 3) of the radiation pattern at the radiation receiver ( 7) passes until the moment (f.,) In which the third radial direction (R 2 ") of the radiation pattern on the radiation receiver longer passes, and the time interval from the last-mentioned moment to the moment (f _a ) in which the second radial direction (R 4) of the radiation pattern passes the radiation receiver (7), and generates an output signal proportional to this time difference (At _x ). 4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radial directions (Rl ^ R2, R3, R4) are defined in the radiation pattern by boundary lines between radiating and non-radiating areas of the pattern. 5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radial directions (R 2, "r 3, R 4) in the radiation pattern by narrow, radiating sectors (77, 78) extending from the pattern center (31) in these directions , 79) are fixed. 6. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation pattern comprises a radiating area (29) and a non-radiating area (30) which are separated by a boundary line with the first and the second radial direction (R 1, R2) in Radiation pattern coincides. 7. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiation pattern has a first radiating sector (47) with a central angle of 90 ° and with the first or fourth radial direction (R 1, R4) coinciding border lines and two substantially narrower, radiating sectors ( 48, 49) which extend in the directions of the second and third radial directions (R 2, R 3), respectively. 8. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the radiation pattern is three narrow, radiating sectors (77, 78, 79), which extend in the directions of the first, second or third radial direction (R 2, R 3, R 4, Fig. 9) of the pattern. 9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the radiation transmitter (4) has means for changing the nutation angle (φ) of the radiation beam inversely proportional to the distance (L) between the reference point (3) and the object (1) . 10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, which is also arranged to determine the distance (L) between the reference point (3) and the object (1), characterized in that the receiving device in the object (1) additionally has a second radiation receiver (9), which is arranged on the object (1) at a distance (d) from the first radiation receiver (7) in such a way that the connecting line between the first and the second radiation receiver is perpendicular to one of the radial directions (R 1, R2, R3 or R4) of the radiation pattern is, and that the signal evaluation arrangement (8) contains an additional time measuring device (39, 40) on which the output signals of the first and second radiation receiver (7, 9) act and which, during a nutation cycle of the radiation beam, the time difference between the Moments (J ₁ and i ₄ or i ₂ and i ₅ ) in which the mentioned radial direction of the radiation pattern past the first and second radiation receiver (7, 9) sufficient, determined and this time difference (A t _L ) inversely proportional output signal generated. 11. The arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the output signal of the additional time measuring device is fed to the first and the second time measuring device and that the first and the second time measuring device are set up so that they generate an output signal which is proportional to the Is the product of the time difference (A t _s or A t _h ) determined by the first or the second time measuring device and the output signal of the additional time measuring device. 12. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first time measuring device or the second time measuring device has a voltage integrator (31) and the output signal of the first radiation receiver (7) controlled switching device (32, 33) included for connecting a positive voltage the integrator during one of those time intervals between which the timing device each has to determine the difference, and to connect an equally large negative Voltage to the integrator during the other of these time intervals. 13. Arrangement according to claim 11 and 12, characterized in that the additional time measuring device contains a voltage integrator (39) and switching devices (40, 41) controlled by the output signals of the first or second radiation receiver (7, 9) for connecting one of a variable Voltage source (34) coming from the voltage to the integrator (39) during those time intervals, the length of which is to be determined by the additional time measuring device, and that devices (44) are also provided for comparing the output voltage of the integrator at the end, however, of such a time interval with a constant reference voltage ( V _k ) and for controlling the voltage source (34) in such a way that the value of the output voltage of the integrator is made equal to the value of the reference voltage, the voltages supplied to the voltage integrators (31) in the first and second time measuring devices from the variable voltage source ( 34) are derived. 14. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first or the second time measuring device a pulse counter (51) contain a first pulse input for counting up and a second pulse input has for counting down, and that switching devices (53, 54) are present which respond to the output signal of the first radiation receiver (7) in such a way that a pulse train predetermined pulse frequency is supplied to the first input of the counter during one of these time intervals between which the timing device has to determine the difference, and that this pulse train dem second input of the counter is supplied during the other of these time intervals. 15. Arrangement according to claim 11 and 14, characterized in that the additional time measuring device a pulse counter (52) and a switching device (70, 58), which on the Output signals of the first and second radiation receiver (7, 9) respond in such a way that a pulse train of a pulse generator (55) variable frequency to the counter during the time interval is supplied to determine the length of the additional timing device is, and that means (72) are provided for comparing the count of the counter (52) at the end of each such time interval with a fixed reference number and for control the frequency of the pulse generator (55) in such a way that the count of the counter and the Reference numbers become the same, with the pulse counter (50 or 51) in the first or second Timing device supplied pulse sequence is derived from the pulse generator (55). 16. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Radiation transmitter (44) a stationary screen with radiating and non-radiating areas corresponding to the radiating and non-radiating areas of the radiation pattern, an objective (12) for imaging the screen at a substantial distance from the emitter and a prism arrangement (15) between the screen and the lens, which around the optical axis (14) of the lens is rotatable and two mutually parallel, axially from each other has distant refractive surfaces which enclose an acute angle with the optical axis. 17. Arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that the axial distance between the refractive surfaces of the prism arrangement (15) can be changed. 18. The arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that the angle between the 5 6 Refractive surfaces and the optical axis (14) is modulated. One such training is is changeable. however, very complex and prone to failure. 19. The arrangement according to claim 17, characterized in that a guide beam is also identified in DT-PS 14 48 570, that the prism arrangement (15) system for self-location of a missile vorlazwei identical triangular prisms (16, 17) includes, 5 gene, in which to generate the guide beam also which can be used in the direction of the optical axis in a light wave. Here is Distance are arranged one behind the other to determine the direction or angular position of the is changeable. Deviation of the missile from the line of sight 20. An arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that a comparison signal is provided in the missile indicates that the prism arrangement (15) from io by additional amplitude modulation of the a plane parallel prism (16), which is transmitted to image projecting radiation an axis is pivotable, which can be perpendicular to the opti-. It is also suggested that the see axis (14) and parallel to the Brechflä- phase position of the modulation frequency through small phases of the prism. to determine comparison with a comparison signal, 21. Arrangement according to one of claims 16 15 that gerichbis by a further on the missile 20, characterized in that the screen ended amplitude-modulated beam is achieved. (13) from a disk with transparent and these measures are also complicated and opaque Areas exists and a light source is agile and lead to failure-prone operation (10) and a condenser (11) for illuminating the arrangement. of the faceplate of the lens (12) 20 Furthermore, there are arrangements for determining the opposite side are provided and that deviation of an object, in particular a flowing another prism array (15 α) similar to the object, from a line of sight using the first-mentioned prism arrangement (15) between visible and infrared light is known. at The object must see the condenser and the screen disk in these known arrangements is provided. 25 shine by yourself or equipped with a light source 22. Arrangement according to claim 21, characterized. A telescope is provided in the reference point, indicates that the condenser lens has a variable direction which indicates the direction of the line of sight, ble focal length possesses. This telescope includes a stationary or in in some cases rotating screen with a pattern of transparent and opaque areas is provided, one that falls through the screen lende light-appealing photocell and an optical one System that the light source of the object on the Screen and its visual axis on a 35 circular conical surface rotates around the line of sight, where- The invention relates to an arrangement for determining the image of the light source of the object on the The deviation of the deviation of an object in relation to a screen describes a path that deviates from its deviation a reference point distant from the object is determined from the line of sight. Consequently proceeding Line of sight, especially for guide beam control, the photocell generates an output signal that is in Abeines Missile, with a reference point depending on the nutation and a possible arranged radiation transmitter to emit a rotation of the screen is dependent and that for Erlängs the circumference of a circular cone around the visual averaging of information about the deviation of the line nutating, but the object cannot be analyzed from the line of sight about its own axis, rotating radiation beam, which in cross section These known arrangements have different a predetermined one, consisting of radiating and non-radiating 45 disadvantages in principle. So the object must be exemplary A radiation pattern composed of areas is said to be either self-radiating or with a images, and be equipped with a strong light source provided in the object, which through the catching device that can be seen at least a first beam telescope. In military However, it is generally unervon for the generation of dependent applications the movement of the radiating and non-50 desires the object with a strong light source to equip radiating areas of the radiation pattern. Furthermore, the information about the Radiation beam modulated output signals and deviation of the object from the line of sight when standing Signal evaluation arrangement obtained for this pull-out point, while for an automatic one contains output signals. Directing the object this information to the From the magazine Raketentechnik und Raum- 55 Objekt itself is used. They also have Fahrforschung ", 1958, No. 4, pp. 109 to 116, is the umbrella line used in the previously known arrangements Arrangement for determining the deviation pattern various disadvantages. The known of an object from a line of sight, that of an in screen pattern have such a geometry that the Distance from the reference point located at the object Output signal of the photocell a basic component goes out, and in the reference point has a pre-60 or carrier wave whose frequency is determined by the Direction for generating a radiation beam is determined before nutation speed, and a is seen along the circumference of a circular cone information component that is the basic component nutated around the line of sight, known. To determine amplitude, frequency or phase modulated over the Direction or angular position of the deviation of the superimposed. The amplitude or frequency of the Infor missile An additional 65 mation component is then dependent on the line of sight Modulation of the transmitter provided, whereby the Sen- size of the deviation of the object from the sight of the with an auxiliary signal of higher frequency sampled line, during the phase of the information component which in turn is dependent on the characterization of the Rieh compared to that of the basic component