DE1616573C - Order to reduce the risk of collisions with road vehicles - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to an arrangement for digging and the route, in particular of ship reduction attest to the risk of collision with road vehicles in accordance with German patent specification 861332, which improves with the help of electromagnetic waves which previously worked according to the Doppier principle Reflection and airspeed indicator, known according to the Doppler principle, which divide the speed. It is particularly advantageous for journeys below 5 directly from the frequency difference between the transmission and the unfavorable visibility conditions usable, in particular determine the reception frequency, in that the Difbei Convoys on motorways and high-speed reference frequency or their corresponding display size streets. initially for the purpose of integrating a counter or. In a known arrangement of this type, a flow meter is supplied to which one the the driver of the with the transceiver this io driving speed at larger time intervals. Arrangement equipped vehicle is continuously connected to a pointing differentiation device. acoustic signal transmitted whose. Volume and also this known device does not provide any sound frequency of the own speed of his saying about the neighboring traffic. Vehicle and its relative speed to At deni method according to the German patent im The detection range of the transmitter / receiver system according to 973 811 is on the one hand the speed possibly located further vehicles from an object relative to the observation site with the help hang. In this case, the driver is given a certain amount of the Doppler effect, which is caused by the observation site Conveyed a statement about his risk of collision; radiated, reflected from the object and im information about the entire high-frequency traffic situation received again, which is significant for him, occurs, for example, via emerging 2p waves, and on the other hand - if there are curves, Road crossings or similar local requests - additionally changing the distance driving points but is not given to him. of the object from the observation site by payment The invention is based on the object of determining one of the Doppler oscillations. One with the Arrangement of the type mentioned instead of a relative work result of the subject of the invention, comparative speed between two vehicles the collision avoidance is possible with this procedure, deryne of the distance according to size and direction of the incidentally of an elaborate frequency trans ^ own vehicle to an upfront parking by means of a reply transmitter in the illuminated vehicle or goes to a stationary obstacle or object, not achievable, to specify the distance itself and thereby the Furthermore is from the USA. Patent 2,836,811 Driver via the traffic situation 30, which is remarkable for him, a radar system for determining the size and to inform. Before negotiating a curve or direction of the radial velocity component other stationary danger points and obstacles of the appropriate target object by evaluating the the driver should know the Doppler frequency as unobtrusively as possible. With this system be informed of the nature of the source of danger. an audible alarm is triggered when at least The assessment of the danger situation is intended to drive the vehicle to a target object with a predetermined minimum derive from this information itself. speed approaches. The radar system is used for This task cannot be solved with one through the ground-side airspace surveillance and should German Auslegeschrift 1059 216 known plant already its relatively large economic AuF-zum Measuring the speed of an aircraft, cannot be used because of the road traffic be about 40 in front of and 40 according to the reflection principle.

backwards at the same angle obliquely downwards

Inclined bundle of rays electromagnetic waves cross-correlation principle working radar device

broadcast at a different frequency and again in accordance with U.S. Patent 2,842,674 in which each

received and finally after the Doppler object reaching a given target distance

Principle by comparing the frequency of the difference in frequency is shown, is also extremely economically

The frequency of the reception via the two bundles of rays is expensive and therefore not in traffic

can be used for receiving oscillations with the difference frequency.

frequency of the two transmission frequencies, the airspeed. can be determined. The preferred echo sounder device for ships is used for warning purposes Pulse series with pulse repetition frequencies generated, 50 voltage before water depth jumps and the display of which are equal to the two difference frequencies, and also coast apron profiles for the prevention of collisions Integral values of the measured speeds with wrecks or to make it easier to navigate the coast ship navigation is used as a measure of the distance covered. This device measures the won. · Temporal change in the water depth, and it can at Die deutsche Auslegeschrift 1 110 448 deals with 55 exceeding specified maximum changes in the likewise, an alarm can only be triggered automatically with for use on board water depth. Aircraft certain radio retro-reflective measuring devices- Finally, for example, by the French that work according to the Doppler principle. In the patent specification 1 270 230 one after the back beam and described devices, the Doppler periods of the Doppler principle working arrangement for loading " counted to the distance traveled and the mood of the genre and speed one speeds flown in horizontal road vehicles and those passing through the measurement location vertical direction, since every Doppler for the vehicle type determination the respective Period a measure of the length of the vehicle during the period by subtracting the periods of the is the distance covered. The ground scanning is determined by the associated Doppler oscillations, The electromagnetic waves are carried out in a circular manner, summarizing these known methods ring-shaped and is made by counting forwards and backwards, the invention is based on an arrangement for delaying taken into account. Reduction of the risk of collision with road vehicles Device for measuring the forward speed, which is generated with the help of electromagnetic waves

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the back-beam and Doppler principle differentiate "from the" walking "targets in that works and in the case of the leader of the with the transmitting that initially from the mixing of the receiving-receiving system dqr arrangement of equipped vehicle with the transmission vibrations obtained Doppler generator continuously by counting either the periods oscillate two equal frequency Doppler swindlers occurring Doppler oscillations or from them 5 movements with a mutual phase shift derived quantities can be obtained from - (- 9O "or - 90 °, depending on: the traffic situation, which is remarkable for him, visually and / whether the appropriate destination is coming or going, and that or be transmitted acoustically. then these two Doppler oscillations two

In this arrangement the invention consists in having separate amplitude limiters or through them

that per se known means for limiting the target io self-synchronized (triggered) pulse generation

Detection area of the transceiver system are fed to the gates to the differentiating means

a predetermined maximum distance are provided, and a coincidence circuit for determining the

that a known reception-side arrangement phase relationships between the Doppler oscillation

is provided with two output channels on which gene and their differentiated vibrations are closed.

the Doppler oscillations are separated according to the 15 sen. With “coming” and “going” goals

own vehicle approaching or emerging are here and in the following opposite, the

remote other vehicles occur that to the. Measuring arrangement approaching or removing; vehicles

two output channels a forward and backward counting understood. '"·

Connected counter for the Doppler oscillations This known arrangement is in the present one

is, which can be set to a selectable initial counting value, is designated by 6 and works in conjunction with

% bar, so that changes in the counter value change with the diodes 1 and 2. On the two outputs

/ on the distance to the next vehicle within aisles of the arrangement 6 occur separately Doppler.

of the target detection area according to size and direction oscillations - \ - fi> with coming Lind Doppler-

and - if before the occurrence of the other oscillation -Jo in each case in the form of going destination

Vehicle in the target detection area of the counter 25 of pulse trains with a repetition frequency equal to

to one of the predetermined maximum range of the Doppler frequency.

The starting counting area corresponding to the central detection area value was set - the current count value and 6 symbolized arrangement also by others a measure of the instantaneous distance to the means known per se, which can be replaced by the input other Vehicle is, and that stationary obstacles process 30 signals with an analog effect, and danger points, for example road cross The target detection area of the arrangement according to the trains, with known per se, their reflections invention is determined by the profit and thatin predetermined way modulating reflectors from directional diagram of the antenna 3 in conjunction with the are equipped, their different modulation emp- transmission power, the reception sensitivity, the Mofangsseite is displayed in different ways. 35 modulation type and the temporal modulation function.

The subject matter of the invention is therefore not identical. To limit the target detection area to the

with the subject of an unpublished optimally predetermined when realizing the invention

older registration, to which the German value is meanwhile, it is with appropriate choice of the rest of the

Patent 1 144 953 was granted and the one arrangement-afore-mentioned parameters possible in per se known

for the determination and evaluation of the 4 ° way to send coherently and impulsively (modul

Vehicles given level of traffic routes lationsart) and the length of time of each

concerns and which is characterized by a return coherent transmission pulse slightly larger than that of the

, Beam measuring device for measuring the signal transit time, which corresponds to twice the range

their antenna moving vehicles and to choose by means (temporal modulation function), whereby

To display the number of zero values counted, the 45 under range is understood to be the maximum distance

passes of the Doppler oscillation is defined, the one at the limit of the target detection range

Route and / or by means of automatic located and by the electromagnetic WeI-

Evaluation of the illuminated by the number of zero crossings of the arrangement according to the invention

certain routes. stationary obstacle or other vehicle to the

On the basis of the illustration, a forward 50 send / receive location of the arrangement is now allowed to be

Partial embodiment of the invention in one count of the periods of the respective Doppler

individually described. trigger vibrations. For this purpose,

Via the directional diagram indicated in the form of a club, exemplary embodiment of the invention showed the continuous

a sharply bundling antenna 3 are used in the natural. Vibrations of the transmitter 4 by the

The embodiment shown, the microwave frequency 55 square-wave pulses of the modulation signal generator 5

a transmitter 4, whose modulation signal by means of a sensing device contained in the transmitter 4

generator is denoted by 5, broadcast and a keyed, so that according to the duty cycle

Energy share of these vibrations after reflection on coherent vibrational trains in pulse-wise over-the

a force antenna 3 indicated schematically in plan view are sent out and receive

fahr / eug received. The received oscillations 60 on the diodes 1 and 2 Dopplerschwingimgen

are compared with the instantaneous transmit oscillations when the instantaneous reception

mixed and arrive as Doppler oscillations on oscillations with the instantaneous transmission

two diodes 1 and 2 connected in parallel on the input side can only result as long as the

These diodes are, for example, those shown in FIG. I of the pulse-like transmission with the pulse-like receiving German patent specification 1 119 024 with diodes 7 and 8 65 oscillations according to the double signal-designated mixing diodes of a known speed between the reflecting object and the digkeitsmeßordnung, which still overlap after the Doppler and transmit-receive arrangement, the reflection principle works and their »come- However, the range is also through regulation of the

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Input amplification of arrangement 6 and / or through the acoustic signals for the driver

a performance variation can be preset. should be so unobtrusive that the arrangement according to

In practice, the range of the invention is usually switched on even when visibility is good

set between 100 m and 200 m and the half-way can stay without being a nuisance to the driver,

value width of the antenna directional diagram with about 2 ° 5 so that it can be compared with the acoustic

chosen so that when driving on the open road only a few gnalen are familiar and the correct ideas

or no pulses at all at the output of the arrangement 6 connects. ■

appear. Then another vehicle appears to the exit channel of the arrangement 6 on which

or a 'stationary obstacle with corresponding the Doppler oscillations + / o in the form of Im-

Reflection behavior appear within the target acquisition pulses, a coaster 7 is connected,

rich and changes the direction of movement of the in the aforementioned example case every 140th im-

appropriate vehicle or obstacle to the pulse, a signal in an audio frequency generator 8 out-

^: Antenna 3 does not, the number η of the pulses is the same solves, for example 30 ms long and when connected

the change in distance Δ _α divided by half of an electroacoustic transducer at the audio frequency

Wavelength. With a suitable choice of the wavelength A 15 quenzgenerator 8 can be heard as a faint crack, and the

For a change in distance Δ _α = 1m, for example, every 700th pulse (corresponding to

for example η = 140 pulses. a change in distance of 5 meters) a stronger one

Both output channels of the arrangement 6 are triggered by a signal that is, for example, 100 ms long and

an upward and downward counting counter 11 has a higher frequency than the one mentioned above

concluded that clicked on a selectable initial count value of 20. To make these acoustic signals audible

is adjustable and its input pulses at outputs is to the audio frequency generator 8 via a

Stand enlargement for the current counter switching stage 9, a loudspeaker 10 is connected. the

Result added and with · Reduction of the distance from the coaster? is basically a counting up

subtracted from the same. If the counter 11 is set to the counter, which is because of the previously mentioned and

the the range of the arrangement according to the invention 35 counting down counter 11 as a further counter

corresponding pulse count before a (be designated at 200 m.

Range in the example to 140 χ 200 = 28000), when approaching an obstacle or a vehicle located in the so the current count of the counter is continuously antenna directional diagram is proportional to the distance of the antenna 3 to one in the vehicle driver hears a low background noise and a Range of the arrangement according to the invention 30 rapid succession of somewhat louder short tones with a stationary obstacle or other driving- a repetition frequency of about 4 Hz, provided that it is heard. The counted values can be continuously dated by 140 divisional cases, the approach speed 70 km / h and then the distance in meters using a. When approaching more slowly, the driving display device 12 hears being displayed. On the other hand, every time the distance is reduced, this display in the form of digits 35 occurs with a click of one meter. If the or by means of a light column, the length of which corresponds to the distance, the loudspeaker 10 is silent because it is then proportional if the counter is correctly set in front of the output of the arrangement 6 in the form of pulses. not Doppler oscillations - \ - fo, but - / d on-

By actuating the switch 14, driving can be performed.

40 Of course, acoustic signals are also available Bigen initial count, for example 14,000 (can be generated with other changes in distance, for example 100 m) and at the same time by means of wise at 2 m and 10 m.

of the pre-setting device 15 two further predeterminable In the invention in curves and on other stationary

Preset count values that use two different stationary obstacles and danger points.

Distances within the target detection area 45 bare reflectors, which reflect their reflection in

correspond: modulate a given way, are for example from the

, " *. «™,"",", _Λ . """,.,"".— German patent specification 967 706 and the German

(e.g. 14 000 - 20 χ 140 and 14 000 + 30 χ 140) Auslegeschrift 1 070 702 known. These reflectors

and when they are reached, for example, a short one consist, for example, of reflective surfaces, in front of

Continuous tone in loudspeaker 10 becomes audible. 50 which are glow discharge tubes or dielectric

This pre-setting and / or ferromagnetic layers are particularly advantageous, whose numbers are based on further specific numbers when traveling in a convoy. respective reflection behavior is electrically controllable. The driver of the vehicle first drives at the desired distance. With periodic control, the reflection is amplitude-modulated at a distance from the vehicle in front, for example these reflectors. In the case of the arrangement according to the invention at a distance of 50 m, and then actuated, reflectors are sufficient for presetting the initial count value of the most scarf construction type for use, for example 14th from which distance is measured. If the elongated parabolic mirror is reduced in size, in the respective example of which the distance is 50 m - 20 m = 30 m, the focal line is a given to an oscillator, then a signal sounds, just like the glow tube connected when the frequency is exceeded,
of the distance of 50 m + 30 m = 80 m. The frequency of the received vibrations of a

When overtaking, we also recommend an arrangement that works according to the reflective principle

the setting of the counter 11 to a predetermined one is at a relative speed between the

Initial count value if, as is well known, for a period of time as a result of the order and the rear-reflecting object

During the overtaking process, no Doppler oscillations above their associated transmission oscillations by

to step. It is even better to shift this setting in the Ab-Doppler frequency so that one can achieve this

dependence on the failure of the Doppler oscillations to also on a Doppler modulation of the transmission oscillations

automate. tion speaks with the Doppler frequency. This Doppler

As is known, modulation corresponds to a single sideband modulation. In contrast, with the classic amplitude modulation of a carrier oscillation and a modulation oscillation, two sidebands occur in the frequency spectrum. lie symmetrically above and below the carrier oscillation (double sideband modulation). When using such. Reflectors in the implementation of the invention, which amplitude modulate the vibrations reflected by them in the sense of double sideband modulation, need only one of the two diodes, diode 1 in the example shown, to be used for amplitude demodulation of the vibrations reflected by the reflectors. With this prerequisite and for this reason, a separate input amplifier 16 is simply connected to the diode 1 in the exemplary embodiment shown. If the modulation frequency of the reflectors is above the highest possible Doppler frequency, for example above 4000 Hz, one gives the input amplifier 16 preferably bandpass properties with cut-off frequencies of, for. B. 4000 and 10,000 Hz. At the output of the amplifier 16 there is a coincidence and gate circuit 17, which is followed by an evaluation circuit 13. The coincidence circuit 17 is also connected to the two output channels + / β as and - / d of the arrangement 6 and leaves

, the output oscillations of the amplifier 16 - the me. occur, provided that the amplitude modulation frequency is in its pass band - to the Evaluation circuit 13 arrive as soon as oscillations of the same frequency on the two output channels of the Arrangement 6 occur simultaneously. In the evaluation circuit 13, their input oscillations in a manner known per se switches which are assigned to the modulation frequency of the respective reflector are closed, whereby display means 18 to 20 show the driver the type of each through the reflector and indicate its modulation frequency of the marked stationary danger point, e.g. B. Left turn or right turn. A left turn can, for example, have a modulation frequency of the assigned Be assigned reflector of 4500 Hz, then a signal lamp 18 lights up. At a right turn with In contrast, a signal lamp lights up for an assigned modulation frequency of, for example, 5000 Hz 20 on. When a signal lamp 19 lights up, for example, the approach of a road intersection displayed.

The coincidence and gate circuit 17 advantageously switches by means of the switching device 9 during the reception of the modulated return radiation of one of the reflectors the loudspeaker 10 from the Audio frequency generator 8 from or on a special tone.

But it is also possible that the modulation frequency of the reflector is chosen to be smaller than the highest possible Doppler frequency, for example 150 Hz. Then the input amplifier 16 must not Have band pass properties. In this case, the amplitude-modulated wave must have a larger amplitude at the input of the diodes 1 and 2 have as the Doppler oscillations. Then no appears at 13 Signal, if only on one of the two output channels

. the arrangement 6 Doppler oscillations occur.

Although common road surfaces reflect much less strongly in the direction of the angle of incidence than in the direction of the failure angle, it can happen that a sudden increase in the road surface as Obstacle is displayed. In this case, it is useful to have one of these local obstacles in the vehicle to attach a recognizable reflector above the roadway. -

Claims (11)

Claims:,.:; 1. Arrangement to reduce the risk of collision of road vehicles, which works with the help of electromagnetic waves according to the reflection and Doppler principle and in which the driver of the vehicle equipped with the transceiver system of the arrangement continuously by counting either the periods of the occurring Doppler oscillations or information derived therefrom about the traffic situation, which is significant for him, is transmitted optically and / or acoustically, characterized in that means (3 to 5) known per se are provided for limiting the target detection area of the transceiver system to a predetermined maximum distance that a known reception-side arrangement (1, 2, 6) is provided with two output channels on which the Doppler oscillations (+ / d, '- / d) occur separately for other vehicles approaching or departing from the own vehicle, that on the two output channels a forwards and backwards ts counting counter (11) for the Doppler oscillations is connected, which can be set to a selectable initial count value, so that changes in the count value correspond to changes in the distance to the next vehicle within the target detection area in terms of size and direction and - if before the other vehicle enters the target detection area the counter was set to an initial count value corresponding to the specified maximum distance of the target detection area - the current count value is a measure of the current distance to the other vehicle, and that stationary obstacles and danger points, for example road junctions, with reflectors that are known per se and modulate their reflections in a predetermined manner are equipped, the different modulation of which is displayed in different ways on the receiving end, a - _£ > - 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a light column (12) is connected to the counter (11), the column length of which is dependent on the current count of the counter . ■ ■ .. ■■■■ · ■ ■ - ■ XMÖ * i # ^; '; ::% ψ-.i-' ■ ' 3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a presetting device (14,15) is provided, by means of which - independently of the adjustability of the counter (TLl) to (the _£ predetermined initial count j ^ two count values f can be preset correspond to two different distances within the target detection area and when they are reached the counter triggers predetermined signals that can be distinguished from the other signals, ''''^^,:;; ^ Ζ ^ -ϊ: Ξ ^^^, '~' .. 4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the predetermined signals are acoustic signals in the form of a short continuous tone . ■>-.''_ 5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on those 209 625/159 10 of the two output channels on which one approaches one's own vehicle other vehicle Doppler oscillations (+ / d) occur, a coaster (7) in the form of another Counter is connected and that distinguishable from the other signals predetermined Signals when integer multiples of predetermined count values of the further counter are reached be delivered. 6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that at a given operating wavelength the transceiver arrangement the predetermined count values of a reduction in distance own vehicle to the other vehicle or stationary obstacle by about 1 m and 5 m correspond. ■ 7. Arrangement according to claim or 6, characterized characterized in that the predetermined signals are acoustic signals in the form of different lengths Short-term tones are. 8. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the length of the short-term tones is chosen such that as soon as the instantaneous Doppler frequency exceeds a predetermined value, the short-term tones melt into continuous tones. 9.'Anordnung according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reflectors are cylindrical or parabolic elongated Have shape and that in their respective focal line an oscillator with depending on the type of the obstacle or danger point differently specified frequency connected Glow tube is located. 10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9 with reflectors such that their reflection in the sense of a double sideband modulation (spectrum with one carrier and two mirror images side vibrations) with a higher than the highest one to be expected Doppler frequency modulating amplitude, characterized in that a coincidence and Gate circuit (17) is provided, which is connected to the two output channels (+ / o, - / d) of the known per se Arrangement (1, 2, 6) is connected and at. simultaneous occurrence of vibrating at the same frequency. The amplitude-modulated received oscillations are transmitted on the two output channels through a filter (16) which has one above the highest expected Doppler frequency and below the amplitude modulation frequency of the reflectors has the lower limit frequency and the upper limit frequency above the amplitude modulation frequency is, can get to an evaluation circuit (13), provided that the frequency of the oscillation at the output of the amplitude demodulator (1) falls into the pass band of the filter (16) and therefore the oscillation is not suppressed by the filter, and that the evaluation circuit (13) triggers different signals depending on the amplitude modulation frequency. 11. An arrangement according to claim 10, characterized denotes overall ^v, that the signals are optical signals. 1 sheet of drawings