DE1591132A1 - Device for transmitting an elliptically shaped beam - Google Patents

Description

1 BERLIN 33

Augu3te-Viktorla-3tra3e Pat. Dr. Ruschfce

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Berlin S3

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Telegram address: Quadrature Berlin

Dr.-lng. HANS RUSCHKE Dipl.-Ing. HEINZ AGULAR

PATENT LAWYERS

Ο / Κ

1591132 ² * Jan, 7967

.j «: yqACii.} jj |

β MUNICH 27

Pienienauer punishment 2 Pat. Attorney Agular

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Munich 882 77

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Dresdner Bank

Munich

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Account 59 515

Telegram address: Quadrature Munich

General Precision, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, V.St.A.

Device for the transmission of an elliptically shaped beam

The invention relates to directional antennas Transmission of sound radio frequency energy (BF) in a particular Fonutrabl.

The invention relates generally to an antenna for the propagation of an elliptically shaped ray Sound Badiofrequenieniener and looks particularly at an antenna sur propagation and rotation of the elliptical Beam, while the alignment of the elliptical shape is maintained »

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The antenna according to the invention is also available while it serves the stated purpose, iaatande, independently each Sound propagates three separate beams and as such forms a composite compact antenna.

In general, the novel antenna system described here transmits a directional elliptical forest Beam that can be conically scanned, with the elliptical beam rotating in a circle. This ray is called the main ray. The current state of the art is such that transmitted beam adjacent radio frequency wing cannot be eliminated by the antenna construction. Hence, where ea is necessary, is the undesirable effect eliminate the side wing, the antenna is designed in such a way as to generate two elliptical auxiliary beams that correspond to this are set on the sides of the main beam, which is essentially the side wings of the main beam fade out.

Where the antenna from a composite antenna should consist of at least two different types Types formed, which are combined in a compact arrangement. One of the antennas is known as a Cassegrain type antenna while others of the antennae of the

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15S I 132

Compound system as a horn arrangement can be designated.

The üauptstrabl is propagated through the Ceussegrainijrpan antenna which uses the novel tabzufllhrung KosfbinatiöD a dielectrics along its length Ute Hauptteiiee Terjiingt. The 2uführuEg appears through the apex of a modified parabolic reflector or a main shell and directs the BF-knergie as an eccentrically rotated h ^ & rboloiäisohen reflector or a lower shell. In particular, the feed is set at one focal point of the hyperbolic yeast reflector and the hyperbolic yeast reflector maps the actual source of the radio frequency into a virtual source at its other focal point, the "other" focal point coinciding with the focal point of the parabolic reflector.

The elliptical shape of the propagated ray can be produced in any of several different ways be: addition modification, lower shell modification or main shell modification, the latter being the more preferred method and arrangement with which the present application is concerned. An elliptically shaped beam can be formed by an unmodified one

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Feed and lower shell assembly gate is seen and a main hall is provided, which is a substantially Has elliptical shape in a liraufsicht · The desired structure of the main shell can be made by modifying a parabolic Reflector by reducing the opening dimensions of the reflector in the azimuth plane.

The resulting pattern becomes equal to a beam width

have, where K is a constant determined by the illumination taper at the edge of the opening; "A is the length of the KF knergy and J ¹ is the length of the minor axis.

The main antenna of the complex, compact antenna preferably creates a scanned beam from a feed that has a circular radiation pattern generated, which an eccentrically driven hyperboloidiscben Irradiated reflector, which converts the force into a generally elliptically shaped (modified) parabolic reflector emits again. i> sr ray, if it is to be scanned, becomes dee hyperboloides by rotation or the lower shell is scanned so that its center has a Circle uk the focal point of the xaraboloid ma leads. Of the

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The degree of eccentricity (fiadius of the circle) determines the Squint angle of the exiting jet.

One limitation of the Cassegraintjp antenna is the blocking effect of the hyperboloid lower shell and the feed. This blocking effect reduces the Antenna efficiency, expands the beam width and increases the side wing gust · The condition for minimum opening blockage occurs when the front blockage of the Lower shell is made substantially equal to the rear blockage of the feeder. The minimum blocking diameter is given by the expression:

D "" in .y f FA (2).

where D, min is the durometer of the lower shell; k the ratio τοπ effect yarn feed opening diameter to its blooming diameter; F is the focal length of the parabolic reflector and J \ the operating wavelength of the KF energy.

From equation (2) it becomes clear that te, in order to reduce the blocking diameter iu, is necessary, use as curia as possible focal points. At dtr successful practical execution of the invention was • in parabolic reflector τοη 45.72 om (18 ") diameter

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used, in which the focal length was 11.33 ca (4.5 "). Equation (2) also shows that an optimal feed for the Caesegrain antenna is one in which the effective feed area is equal to the blocking area, i.e. where k is equal to J [. This condition exists for a Dielectric rod antenna, for which the effective recording area is larger than its physical blocking area. This is due to the fact that the "end-fire" dielectric rod antenna their yield is achieved through the length rather than the cross-section.

In this way, when solving equation (2) where F equals 11.33 cm (4.5 "), k equals J., and> equals 1.93 ca (0.76"), the D _b min equals 6.6 ca (2.6 ^m ). Therefore, for example, a parabolic reflector τοη 45.72 ca (18-) with a focal length τοη 11.33 ca (4.5 ") can use a lower shell τοη 6.6 ca (2.6") la diameter.

Once the diameter of the lower shell has been determined, its fora remains to be determined. The equation for the ftqulTalente focal length (F.) of a Caasegrain antenna is:

₂ . J

tan 1/2
where F is the focal lengths of the parabolic reflector;

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Q is the half-angle which τοη lies opposite its focal point from the parabola; θ is the half-angle which τοη lies opposite its feed point from the hyperboloid.

Me equation (3) shows that as Q ^ decreases, large effective focal lengths are possible. However, if the same Q decreases, the yield of the feed requires, to properly irradiate that the lower shell increases. As part of the energy radiating the shell is beyond that Is spilled oTer, it is desirable that the Keep the feed yield low. If one assumes that the overspray yield is equal to the reduction in the radiation edge times the yield of the influx of old the Feed ^ yield at 10 db and the taper at 10 db is the spill yield of the spill orer 0 db. With an antenna yield τοη 34 db, for example, the overmolding force is not a problem for a 10 db feed be.

An example of a compromise between f _Q (the focal length of the Cassegrain antenna) and the overmolding force can be:

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where so are the extra-objective scanning characteristics (off axis! canning characteristics) are determined by the equation

- 0.5 (5),

where D is the main diameter of the modified main shell is.

The relationships for determining the equation of the hjperboloid are:

1 1 2F _C

where F equals the distance between the foci of the Hyperboloides, D is equal to the diameter of the lower shell and

U),

] t - ι

where there is the same 4th exstrlusiveness of the hyperboloid.

The contour of the lower shell is determined by the equation

1 ₊ _JL - 1

(8th)

(I ₈ and T ₁ are unknowns)

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where a «! c (9)

(10)

and for the selected example parameters lind die manufactt of the constants:

e - 2.946
a - 0.1697
b - 0.4702

Using the gateway equations, a Cassegrain-style antenna can be created to support a conically scanned elliptical energy beam reproduce.

taking into account the foregoing becomes general A microwave energy antenna created »to directionally an elliptically shaped beam of microwave energy su transmitted, which contains a modified parabolic reflector in which the opening dimension is dei Eeflektor in the azimuth plane to form a beam width equal to K ^ / D * is reduced, where K is a constant, determined by the irradiation rejuvenation (illumination taper at the edge of the aperture) aa the edge of the

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aperture is, 7 \ the wavelength of the microwave energy and D * is the length of the minor axis, as well as a hyperboloid reflector over the modified Reflector and set at its focal point to reflect energy back to the modified reflector, after this energy against the hyperbolic reflector through a dielectric rod feed is blasted on the oohse of the modified Is arranged reflector.

tfenn undesirable effects of the side wings or lobes of the main ray passing through the modified parabolic reflector is propagated, termies are to be used, one uses first and second auxiliary reflectors, τοη each of which has essentially the same shape as the modified reflector, wherein the minor axis of the first and second auxiliary reflectors and the modified reflector are substantially parallel and aligned, and means which A waveguide horn contains to capture microwave energy on the reflective surface of the first auxiliary reflector to radiate to a microwave energy bar in an elliptical shape fortiu-

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plants and the adjacent to one side of the »shot Jtrahles is arranged, as well as a device, which includes a second wave guiding fountain to deliver microwave energy to the reflective surface of the second auxiliary reflector, practice one second microwave energy beam in an elliptical shape to propagate shaped shape and which is adjacent to the other u'eite of the decomposed beam.

The objectives and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the detailed description below an embodiment of the invention herror. In the drawings are:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the main shell, with details of the auxiliary antenna feeds for reasons Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view from the side of the composite antenna system for propagation a conically scanned elliptical beam and two elliptical auxiliary beams.

According to Fig. 1, the surface contour of the main shell or the main reflector with the main diameter D and the small diameter I) ^{1 is} shown, indicating the main and small diameter of the reflector.

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the circle 12 has its center on the axis of the diameter and explains the path of the center of the lower shell 10 in its rotational movement. The arrows 11 represent the eccentric movement or rotation of the lower shell 10.

Fig. 1 explains a method for forming the elliptical .Struktur of the Heflektors D / D * from a round one parabolic yeast deflector as shown by 14. The crossed surfaces 13a and 1Jb may be covered with a microwave absorbing material.

rtie shown above, the goal-seen equations for the mathematical determination of the small diameter D * and the contour of the sides of the elliptically shaped reflective surface can be used. The latitude and longitude * The dimensions of the beam are determined by the size of the yeast deflector and the surface or level and guide or profile contours of the yeast deflector. As an example is a ray with a rise width of 3.20 degrees and an azimuth width τοπ 4.7 degrees has been created by the arrangement shown, where a parabolic yeast deflector, like 14t a main diameter D with the dimension τοπ 45.72 cm (18 "), with the sides of the elliptically shaped reflector tapering to a small diameter D * with the Measure clay stretch 20.32 cm (8 ").

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. It can be seen that in Fig. 1, the device for propagating the auxiliary or cover rays is omitted. This has been done for the sake of clarity. Further is the motor used to rotate the lower shell 10 and a network for suspension of the engine and the lower shell are also omitted. The dielectric rod feed is through the Lower shell 10 crossed. The omitted components can be seen from the profile view in FIG. 2.

Ub a composite antenna system for Propagation of a main ray and two auxiliary ortr The reflectors can be used to create cover rays each of the auxiliary beams in the unused areas 15a and 13b of the parabolic yeast deflector 14 may be arranged The feed can be in the form of a have, namely a horn for each reflector, adjusted to create that particular reflector to irradiate the auxiliary beams.

This can be seen in Fig. 2, which is a profile view along line A-A of a composite compact itntennensy sterne «shows which in a parabolic lying reflector is arranged, whereby ·! part of the same all Part of the antenna is used to transmit the main beam. 909882/1066

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The sections 15a and 13b in Fig. 2 correspond the identically designated sections in Fig. 1. The small diameter D * is in a profile arrangement on the parabolic reflector 14 and corresponds to the small diameter D 'in FIG. 1.

When using the surfaces 13a and 13b for Arrangement τοη reflectors for the auxiliary beams can sectors of another parabolic reflector over the surfaces 13a and 15b, e.g. 15c and 13d. The "other" parabolic reflector from which the vectors represented by 15c, 13d, would be a reflector that is essentially physically similar to reflector 14, with the minor axis of the "other" parabolic reflector and reflector 14 is substantially parallel and aligned.

The sectors can be inserted over the unused reflection areas, with each vector 13c and 13d being tilted, for example by about 7 °. The radio frequency energy is supplied in this regard through the open wave guide horns 20 and 21, each of which is set above the reflector sector to which it is associated and each, for example, in opposite directions

Directions is tilted by about 30 °.

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Since each of the auxiliary beams propagated through the auxiliary antenna are designed to be stable to form rays, opposite to the decomposed or rotated main beam, he needs the fieflektor (15c or 15d) forming sector not to be exactly physically symmetrical in plan view, as it is τοη the Main shell of the main antenna is desired. Sectors 15c and 15d can essentially be of the Fora Areas 13a and 13b respectively correspond. Including a wide azimuth pattern to create the auxiliary or cover jet, can each of the horns 20 and 21 has the shape of a double horn to have. In the preferred embodiment, each of the horns 20 and 21 has the shape of a pyramidal horn with an ä-surface fork. This can be done by a ocbeidewand 22 should be formed, which serves to insert the into the To split the horn propagated force into two equal parts, so that two horns of the same phase are essentially at the side at the outlet opening. This construction represents the base center of each horn of the Doppeibomee at different dislocation distances τοη the focal point of the parabolic sector, so that the tip of each ray passing through the double horn arrangement is propagated, under a rersobiedenen azimuth *

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angle appears, producing a wider pattern, as it old combined a single horn of the same . Opening is achievable.

Each of the horns 20 and 21 also includes one A corresponding r / ellenleitleitung a, in order to transfer the microwave energy tone of a not shown utlle to the To direct Horn "

In FIG. 2, a motor 16 driving the lower shell 10 is also shown. A rüelle 17 couples the motor to the lower shell 10 and, as can be easily seen, this coupling is an external central arrangement on the lower shell. In this way, the lower shell is rotated eccentrically about the axis of the diameters D and D ¹ , as shown in FIG.

The dielectric discharge 18 is also in the Center adjustment shown along diameters D and D *. The dielectric rod supply is mostly about theirs Length decreases to the microwave energy over the The surface of the hyperboloidal yeast deflector 10 is to be distributed.

The EUsammengeeetEte complex AntennenTerbindung may also contain a radon protect tu around the device against the elements.

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It can be seen that the motor 16 and the lower shell 10 are suspended in some way Busses, un the engine and the lower shell in position to keep. Jies can τοη rods through a Uuernetzwerk should be made that are sufficiently small in diameter that they do not interfere with the clay the energy emitted by the antennae collide, the iber are strong enough to support the motor and the lower shell and put these components in place keep.

A referenced network can consist of at least animal support rods (τοη which are shown in two 24 and 25) which carry a collar or frame 26 which can hold the rotor 16 bit lower shell 10 would then be carried by the cover 17, which also serves for this purpose to rotate the lower shell.

It is thus seen that an antenna for the transmission of an elliptical beam through light Modification of the arrangement shown is produced can.

If e.g. the hyperboloidisc reflector 10 to would be set that stine Hitt · bit of the axis or dta

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Point of intersection of the diameters D and I / of the parabolic Reflector 10 collapses and the means for rotating the hyperbolic reflector 10 are switched off then an antenna is created for the propagation of a highly directional elliptically shaped beam.

In view of this latter arrangement, two paths have been shown to make an elliptical one Provide beam.

The preferred arrangement for practicing the invention has been described and shown. Apparently Other arrangements and constructions may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention use the same principle shown here.

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Claims (1)

159VL1 Claims 1. Microwave energy antenna for the directional transmission of an elliptically shaped microwave energy beam, characterized by an iron modified parabolic reflector (14), the opening dimension of which is reduced in the Aiimut plane to form a beam width equal to K? \ / D ¹ , where K is a constant determined by the irradiation thinning (illumination taper) on the band of the opening, T \ is the length of the microwave energy and D 'is the length of the minor axis, as well as a hyperboloid reflector (10) set over and in the focus of the modified reflector for energy to reflect back to the modified reflector after this energy is radiated against the hyperbolic reflector through a dielectric rod feed, which is arranged on the axis of the modified reflector. 2. Microwave energy antenna according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the dielectric discharge is longitudinal their length is thirds to microwave energy the radiation surface of the hyperboloid reflector - 20 - BAD ORIGINAL g0988 2/1066 to divide which is eccentric about the axis of the modified parabolic reflector is rotated. 5. Antenna according to idas claim 2, characterized by first and second auxiliary _{reflectors (15c, 15d) f} tob which each la has substantially the same shape as the modified reflector, the minor axis of the first and second auxiliary reflector and the modified reflector being substantially parallel and and means including a guide horn for radiating microwave energy onto the reflective surface of the first milfs reflector to propagate a microwave energy beam in an elliptical shape and set adjacent one side of the scanned beam is, and means comprising a second, to radiate Vellenfübrungsborn includes, inter alia, microwave energy to the reflecting surface of the second auxiliary reflector to form a second beam of microwave energy in a elliptically-shaped shape propagate and adjacent to the other side of the decomposed Strah les is set. - 2t - • 909882/1066. BATH above * »" - 4 · Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the one, .ella guide horn and the second »skin guide horn each asked the fora of a pyramid-shaped home (20,21) old an E-face fork, over to divide each horn into two phased horns. 5. "Antenna naob a» dtr Torber-giving claims, characterized in that the codified parabolic reflector (14) by partially covering a round parabolic yeast deflector with microwave absorbing a Material formed iit so that only an elliptically shaped part of the round parabolic The reflector is used to ron the hyperboloidischtn Reflector to reflect back radiated energy. 6 «Antenna according to claim 5», characterized in that the first auxiliary reflector through part of the round Parabolic reflector is supported, which is covered by the microwave energy absorbing material and that the second auxiliary reflector is carried by another part of the circular parabolic yeast reflector is, the thermosetting microwave energy absorbing material is covered so that the modified parabolic ORIGINAL BATHROOM - 22 - 909882/1066 ' Reflector and the first and wide auxiliary reflectors ia essential in the Grenien of a united round parabolic reflector are developed. BATH ORIGINAL 909882/1066